(2)Waysof developing paragraph
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• 3. concluding sentence
• It can restate the topic sentence, make comment of the description
or be omitted.
• 4. Development by example or generalization
• <Task 2> Underline all the features of the place described in this paragraph.
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• Read samples on textbook.
• The organization of descriptive paragraphs:
• 1. the topic sentence
• Generally, in the topic sentence, we make clear the space order or location; that is from what perspective we plan to describe it.
• Make analysis of sample paragraph on page 93.
Study the following paragraph about one’s experience in high school. Discuss with your neighbor to see how the writer introduces examples.
Organization of example paragraphs
• a. General- to –specific pattern • It starts with a topic sentence. Then details
are given to back up the opening statement. Sample paragraph on page 94.
• 2. the supporting details
• Details may be arranged in certain order, such as from
right to left, near to far, up to down, north to south, side to side, center to side, and so on.
(2) Ways of Developing Paragraphs
• 3. Development by space
• Sample 1
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• My experience in the high school years is pleasant and memorable. I have spent many years studying in that school and know exactly what to expect from every situation. In the school, I have made some very good friends whom I hope always to stay close to. At school our concerns are the same: the difficulty of a maths problem, the impossibility of grammar, and the freedom of the recess period. I love and respect my teachers. They have become not only instructors in school, but also trusted and valued guides through life. I will miss the counseling of my teachers.
• ------First, i when we start our description
• ------Secondly, we learn how the author concentrates on the major features of the place, and ignores the minor ones, even if they are also quite colorful and interesting
• ------ Lastly, descriptions of places are often in the present tense.
• <Task 1>
• Pick out all the expressions in the above sample that show the spatial orientation in describing Oxford.
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• b. Specific – to – general pattern
• The details are mentioned first, and the general statement , which may be the topic sentence, comes at the end of the paragraph, summarizing the points in the development, restating the topic sentence, giving a suggestion, a prediction or raising a question. (Sample on page 95)
• It can restate the topic sentence, make comment of the description
or be omitted.
• 4. Development by example or generalization
• <Task 2> Underline all the features of the place described in this paragraph.
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• Read samples on textbook.
• The organization of descriptive paragraphs:
• 1. the topic sentence
• Generally, in the topic sentence, we make clear the space order or location; that is from what perspective we plan to describe it.
• Make analysis of sample paragraph on page 93.
Study the following paragraph about one’s experience in high school. Discuss with your neighbor to see how the writer introduces examples.
Organization of example paragraphs
• a. General- to –specific pattern • It starts with a topic sentence. Then details
are given to back up the opening statement. Sample paragraph on page 94.
• 2. the supporting details
• Details may be arranged in certain order, such as from
right to left, near to far, up to down, north to south, side to side, center to side, and so on.
(2) Ways of Developing Paragraphs
• 3. Development by space
• Sample 1
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• My experience in the high school years is pleasant and memorable. I have spent many years studying in that school and know exactly what to expect from every situation. In the school, I have made some very good friends whom I hope always to stay close to. At school our concerns are the same: the difficulty of a maths problem, the impossibility of grammar, and the freedom of the recess period. I love and respect my teachers. They have become not only instructors in school, but also trusted and valued guides through life. I will miss the counseling of my teachers.
• ------First, i when we start our description
• ------Secondly, we learn how the author concentrates on the major features of the place, and ignores the minor ones, even if they are also quite colorful and interesting
• ------ Lastly, descriptions of places are often in the present tense.
• <Task 1>
• Pick out all the expressions in the above sample that show the spatial orientation in describing Oxford.
• Oxford is an exceptionally old university town, on the River Thames, about 60 miles from London. Oxford’s center is the university; and all around the crossroads at the very heart of Oxford, Carfax, there are gray stone Colleges and other university buildings. In the center you can also find interesting old pubs and paved passages. There are a lot of churches, and one or two really large and interesting buildings, such as the Ashmolean Museum, the “round library”, the Bodleian and the Radcliffe Camera, with its domed roof. Like all English towns, there are parks, and one, “the Parks”, is the leafy home of university cricket in the summer months. As you leave the center and go towards the outskirts of Oxford you can see industrial estates and a car factory in one direction; and in another, attractive suburbs. There is, in fact, quite a lot of industry in Oxford.
• b. Specific – to – general pattern
• The details are mentioned first, and the general statement , which may be the topic sentence, comes at the end of the paragraph, summarizing the points in the development, restating the topic sentence, giving a suggestion, a prediction or raising a question. (Sample on page 95)