Unit2单词讲义高中英语选择性3

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Unit2单词讲义
security
词性:名词
中文意思:安全,保障
英文释义:the state of being free from danger or threat
词源:来自拉丁语securitas,意为“安全”
例句:The security of the building was breached last night.
固定搭配:security guard(保安),security system(安全系统)
近义词:safety, protection
moderator
词性:名词
中文意思:调解人,仲裁者
英文释义:a person who helps to control a meeting or discussion by asking questions and making sure that everyone has a chance to speak
词源:来自拉丁语moderatus,意为“调节的”
例句:The moderator helped to keep the debate on track.
固定搭配:moderator panel(调解小组),moderator role(调解角色)
近义词:mediator, arbitrator
detox
词性:动词/名词
中文意思:解毒,排毒
英文释义:to remove harmful substances from the body, or the process of doing this
词源:来自detoxication,意为“解毒”
例句:She went to rehab to undergo detox.
固定搭配:detox program(排毒计划),detox drink(排毒饮料)
近义词:cleanse, purify
fundraising
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:筹款,募捐
英文释义:the activity of collecting money for a particular purpose
词源:来自fundraise,意为“筹集资金”
例句:The charity is holding a fundraising event next week.
固定搭配:fundraising campaign(筹款活动),fundraising goal(筹款目标)
近义词:fundraising, donationgathering
switch
词性:动词/名词
中文意思:切换,转换
英文释义:to change from one thing to another, or an object that can be used to turn something off or on or change its position or function
词源:来自古英语swiccan,意为“改变位置或方向”
例句:I need to switch my phone plan.
固定搭配:switch off(关闭),switch on(开启),switch to(切换到)
motivate
词性:动词
中文意思:激励,激发
英文释义:to make someone want to do something or feel a particular way
词源:来自拉丁语motivus,意为“推动”
例句:The coach's speech motivated the team to win the game.
固定搭配:motivate sb. to do sth.(激励某人做某事)
近义词:encourage, inspire, stimulate
occupy
词性:动词
中文意思:占据,占领
英文释义:to take up space or time in a particular place or for a particular purpose
词源:来自拉丁语occupatus,意为“被占据的”
例句:The army occupied the city after the war.
固定搭配:occupy oneself with sth.(忙于某事)
近义词:fill, seize, hold
profile
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:侧面像,轮廓;描绘,简介
英文释义:a side view of someone's face; to describe someone or something in a brief and general way
词源:来自拉丁语profilus,意为“轮廓”
例句:She saw his profile from behind.(她从后面看到了他的侧脸。

)He profiled the pany's CEO in the article.(他在文章中简要介绍了公司CEO。


固定搭配:high profile(高调,引人注目),profile picture(头像)
近义词:outline, sketch, characterize
distract
词性:动词
中文意思:分散注意力,使分心
英文释义:to make someone stop thinking about something by making them think about something else
词源:来自拉丁语distractus,意为“分开,分散”
例句:The noise outside distracted me from my work.(外面的噪音使我无法集中注意力工作。

)固定搭配:distract sb. from sth.(使某人分心)
近义词:divert, divert, draw away
constantly
词性:副词
中文意思:不断地,经常地
英文释义:always happening or existing; at all times; frequently
词源:来自拉丁语constantem,意为“始终如一的”
例句:She is constantly checking her phone for messages.(她总是查看短信。


towel
词性:名词
中文意思:毛巾
英文释义:a piece of absorbent cloth or paper used for drying oneself after a bath or shower
词源:来自古英语towlen,意为“布”
例句:She dried her hands with a towel.(她用毛巾擦干手。


固定搭配:hand towel(擦手巾),bath towel(浴巾)
近义词:cloth, rag
throw in the towel
词性:短语动词
中文意思:认输,放弃
英文释义:to admit defeat in a fight or petition
词源:源自拳击比赛,当一方选手的教练或裁判扔出毛巾表示放弃时,比赛结束
例句:After three rounds, he decided to throw in the towel.(三轮后,他决定认输。


固定搭配:throw in the towel on sth.(在某事上认输)
近义词:give up, concede
access
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:进入;使用权;途径
英文释义:noun: the right or ability to enter or use something; verb: to approach or enter a place or person
词源:来自拉丁语accessus,意为“接近”
例句:Students need access to good resources.(学生需要使用优质资源。

)The only way to access the building is through the main entrance.(进入这座建筑的唯一途径是经过正门。


固定搭配:access control(访问控制),access point(接入点)
近义词:entry, admission, approach
rely
词性:动词
中文意思:依赖,依靠
英文释义:to depend on someone or something for help or support
词源:来自古法语relir,意为“依赖”
例句:I rely on my phone to keep me connected.(我依赖保持联系。


固定搭配:rely on sb./sth.(依赖某人/某物)
近义词:depend, count on, trust
rely on
词性:短语动词
中文意思:依赖,依靠
英文释义:to depend on someone or something for help or support
词源:来自rely和on的组合,意为“依赖于”
例句:You can rely on me to be there on time.(你可以相信我会准时到达那里。


固定搭配:rely on sb./sth.(依赖某人/某物)
近义词:depend, count on, trust
procrastination
词性:名词
中文意思:拖延,耽搁
英文释义:the act of delaying or postponing something, especially something that requires immediate attention
词源:来自拉丁语procrastinare,意为“推迟到明天”
例句:Procrastination is the thief of time.(拖延是时间的盗贼。


固定搭配:procrastination tactics(拖延战术),procrastination habit(拖延习惯)
近义词:delay, postponement, deferral
appropriate
词性:形容词/动词
中文意思:适当的,合适的;挪用,占用
英文释义:adjective: suitable or right for a particular situation; verb: to take and use (something that belongs to someone else) without permission
词源:来自拉丁语appropriatus,意为“转为己有”
例句:It's not appropriate to wear jeans to a job interview.(穿牛仔裤去参加工作面试不合适。

)The pany appropriated funds for research and development.(公司挪用了资金用于研发。


固定搭配:appropriate behavior(适当行为),appropriate technology(适用技术)
近义词:suitable, fitting, usurp, misappropriate
spit
词性:动词
中文意思:吐痰,吐口水;发出(话语、声音等)
英文释义:to eject saliva from the mouth; to speak or shout in an angry or contemptuous way
词源:来自古英语spittan,意为“吐”
例句:Don't spit on the sidewalk.(不要在人行道上吐痰。

)He spat out his words in anger.(他愤怒地吐露了心里话。


固定搭配:spit out(吐出),spit in one's eye(蔑视某人),spit it out(坦白说出)
近义词:eject, expel, hurl
headphones
词性:名词
中文意思:耳机
英文释义:a pair of small speakers worn on or over the ears for listening to music or other sounds privately
词源:head+phones,组合而成,表示戴在头上的听筒
例句:She listened to music on her headphones while walking.(她边走边戴着耳机听音乐。

)固定搭配:noisecancelling headphones(降噪耳机),wireless headphones(无线耳机)
近义词:earphones, cans, earbuds
bin
词性:名词
中文意思:垃圾箱,废物箱
英文释义:a container for waste materials, usually used outdoors or in public places for people to throw away their rubbish
词源:来自英国英语词汇bin,意为“箱子”或“容器”
例句:Please put your trash in the bin.(请把垃圾放进垃圾桶。


固定搭配:trash bin(垃圾箱),recycling bin(回收箱)
近义词:garbage can, trash can, wastebasket
considerate
词性:形容词
中文意思:体贴的,考虑周到的
英文释义:showing thought for others and taking care not to cause them any problems or disfort 词源:来自拉丁语considerare,意为“思考”或“观察”
例句:She is always considerate towards her friends.(她总是对朋友很体贴。

)He is very considerate of others' feelings.(他很顾及别人的感受。


clarify
词性:动词
中文意思:澄清,阐明
英文释义:to make something clear or easier to understand
词源:来自拉丁语clarificare,意为“使清晰”
例句:Can you clarify what you mean by that?(你能解释一下你的意思吗?)
固定搭配:clarify one's position(阐明某人的立场),clarify the situation(澄清情况)
近义词:explain, elucidate, refine
promote
词性:动词
中文意思:促进,推广;提升,晋升
英文释义:to encourage or support the progress or development of something; to raise in rank or status
词源:来自拉丁语promovere,意为“推动”
例句:The pany is promoting a new product this month.(公司本月正在推广一款新产品。

)She was promoted to manager last year.(她去年晋升为经理。


固定搭配:promote sb./sth.(推广某人/某物),promote health(促进健康),promote peace (促进和平)
近义词:advance, boost, enhance
headline
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:标题,头条新闻;以头版头条报道
英文释义:noun: the title of a newspaper article or story; verb: to be the main news story in a newspaper or on television
词源:来自古英语heafodlīn,意为“头部的线条”或“头顶的装饰”
例句:The headline of the article caught my attention.(文章的标题引起了我的注意。

)The news was headlined on all major media outlets.(这条新闻在所有主要媒体上都是头条。


固定搭配:headline news(头条新闻),headline story(头条故事),make headlines(成为头条新闻)
近义词:title, banner, lead
max out
词性:短语动词
中文意思:达到最大值,充分利用
英文释义:to reach the highest level possible or use something to its fullest extent
词源:maximum + out,组合而成,表示达到最大值或极限状态
例句:I need to max out my credit card limit for this purchase.(我需要用尽信用卡额度来购买这个。

)He always tries to max out his potential in everything he does.(他总是尽力在每件事上都发挥出自己的潜力。


固定搭配:max out at(达到最高点),max out on(充分利用)
近义词:reach the maximum, utilize to the fullest, maximize
in contrast to
词性:短语介词
中文意思:与…形成对比,与…相比
英文释义:showing a difference between two things or people when pared together
词源:in+contrast+to,组合而成,表示与某事物形成对比或对照
例句:In contrast to her sister, she is very quiet.(与她的姐姐相比,她很安静。

)His actions were pletely in contrast to his words.(他的行为与他的话完全相反。


固定搭配:in contrast to...(与…相比),contrast with...(与…形成对比)
近义词:pared with, as opposed to, different from
district
词性:名词
中文意思:地区,区域;行政区划,选区
英文释义:an area of a country or city that has its own local government and is smaller than a state or province; an area that is represented by an elected official or group of officials in a legislative body
词源:来自拉丁语districtus,意为“分开的区域”或“指定的区域”
例句:This district has a high crime rate.(这个地区犯罪率很高。

)The senator represents the 11th district of California.(这位参议员代表加利福尼亚州的第11个选区
necessity
词性:名词
中文意思:必需品,必要性
英文释义:something that is necessary or very important
词源:来自拉丁语necessitas,意为“需要”或“必要性”
例句:Food and water are necessities of life.(食物和水是生活的必需品。


固定搭配:of necessity(必然地),meet the necessity(满足需求)
近义词:need, requirement, essential
toothpaste
词性:名词
中文意思:牙膏
英文释义:a substance used for cleaning teeth, typically in the form of a paste or gel
词源:tooth + paste,组合而成,表示用于清洁牙齿的物质
例句:I need to buy some toothpaste from the store.(我需要从商店买一些牙膏。


固定搭配:toothpaste tube(牙膏管),toothpaste brush(牙膏刷)
近义词:dentifrice, dentifrication paste
soap
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:肥皂;用肥皂洗
英文释义:n: a soft greasy substance used for washing; v: to clean with soap
词源:来自古英语sopon,意为“脂肪物质”或“肥皂”
例句:She uses soap to wash her hands.(她用肥皂洗手。


固定搭配:soap opera(肥皂剧),soap bubble(肥皂泡)
近义词:detergent, cleansing agent, lather
item
词性:名词
中文意思:项目,条款;物品,商品
英文释义:n: a particular thing or piece of information; n: an article or modity for sale
词源:来自拉丁语item,意为“事项”或“条款”
例句:There is one more item on the agenda.(议程上还有一项。

)I bought three items at the store.(我在商店买了三件商品。


固定搭配:itemized list(逐项列出的清单),check off items(勾选项目)
近义词:article, modity, detail, provision
unprecedentedly
词性:副词
中文意思:史无前例地,空前地
英文释义:in a way that has never happened before; extremely or unusually
词源:unprecedented + ly,组合而成,表示从未发生过的方式或程度
例句:The pany experienced unprecedented growth last year.(去年公司经历了前所未有的增长。


固定搭配:unprecedented success(空前的成功),unprecedented challenges(前所未有的挑战)
近义词:unparalleled, unequalled, exceptionally, exceptionally
personal finances
词性:名词短语
中文意思:个人财务,个人理财
英文释义:the money and financial affairs of an individual person or family
词源:personal + finances,组合而成,表示个人的财务或金融事务
例句:Managing personal finances is an important skill to learn.(管理个人财务是一项重要的技能。


jar
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:罐子,瓶子;震动,刺耳声
英文释义:n: a cylindrical container with a lid, used for storing food or drink; v: to cause a sudden shock or disturbance
词源:来自古英语geara,意为“罐子”或“广口瓶”
例句:She put the cookies in a jar on the counter.(她把饼干放在柜台上的罐子里。

)The explosion jarred the entire building.(爆炸震动了整栋建筑。


固定搭配:jar of pickles(泡菜罐),jar of honey(蜂蜜罐),jarring sound(刺耳的声音)
近义词:bottle, container, shock, disturb
invest
词性:动词
中文意思:投资,投入;授予,赋予
英文释义:v: to give money or time and effort to achieve a financial return or gain; v: to provide (someone) with authority or responsibility
词源:来自拉丁语investire,意为“穿上,覆盖”
例句:He invested all his savings in stocks.(他把所有的积蓄都投资在股票上。

)The pany invested in new technology to improve efficiency.(公司投入新技术以提高效率。


固定搭配:invest in stocks(投资股票),invest in real estate(投资房地产),invest time and effort (投入时间和精力)
近义词:deposit, finance, endow, entrust
lifelong
词性:形容词
中文意思:终身的,一生的
英文释义:lasting or continuing throughout one's life
词源:life + long,组合而成,表示一生的时间长度
例句:She has had a lifelong passion for music.(她对音乐有着一生的热情。

)He made a lifelong mitment to helping others.(他做出了一生的承诺来帮助他人。


固定搭配:lifelong learning(终身学习),lifelong friendship(终身友谊),lifelong dream(一生的梦想)
近义词:permanent, lifetime, everlasting, continuous
vision
词性:名词
中文意思:视力,视觉;愿景,眼光
英文释义:n: the ability to see; n: a strong mental image of what the future could be like
词源:来自拉丁语visio,意为“看见”或“观察”
例句:Her vision is getting worse as she gets older.(随着年龄的增长,她的视力越来越差。

)The pany's vision is to bee a global leader in technology.(公司的愿景是成为全球科技领域的领导者。


固定搭配:vision statement(愿景声明),vision board(愿景板),vision therapy(视觉疗法)近义词:sight, perception, outlook, perspective
likewise
词性:副词
中文意思:同样地,照样地
英文释义:in the same way; similarly
词源:来自古英语licham,意为“相同的方式”或“同样的状态”
例句:She enjoys hiking, and he likewise loves being outdoors.(她喜欢徒步旅行,他也同样喜欢户外活动。

)I will help you with your homework, and likewise, I hope you can help me with mine.(我会帮你做作业,同样地,我也希望你能帮我做我的作业。


objectively
词性:副词
中文意思:客观地,不带偏见地
英文释义:in an objective manner; without bias or favoritism
词源:来自拉丁语objectivus,意为“无偏见的”或“客观的”
例句:It's important to evaluate the situation objectively.(客观地评估情况很重要。


固定搭配:objectively speaking(客观地说),objectively verifiable(客观可验证的)
近义词:factually, impartially, dispassionately
equip
词性:动词
中文意思:装备,配备
英文释义:to provide with necessary tools, equipment, or resources for a particular purpose
词源:来自古法语equiper,意为“装备”或“武装”
例句:The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.(士兵们配备了最新的武器。


固定搭配:be equipped for (准备好),equip oneself with (使自己具备),wellequipped (装备精良的)
近义词:furnish, supply, outfit
nail
词性:名词/动词
中文意思:钉子;钉住,抓住
英文释义:n: a thin pointed piece of metal used for fastening things together; v: to fasten or secure something with a nail or nails
词源:来自古英语naeg,意为“钉子”或“尖物”
例句:She hammered the nail into the wall.(她用锤子把钉子钉进墙里。

)I finally nailed down
the details of the plan.(我终于确定了计划的细节。


固定搭配:nail down (确定),hit the nail on the head (一针见血),nail in the coffin (致命一击)近义词:fasten, secure, pin, clinch
deadline
词性:名词
中文意思:截止日期,最后期限
英文释义:a specific time by which something must be done or pleted
词源:来自动词deadline,意为“画线作为界限”或“规定最后期限”
例句:The deadline for submitting the application is next Friday.(提交申请的截止日期是下周五。


固定搭配:meet the deadline(按时完成),miss the deadline(错过截止日期),deadline extension(截止日期延长)
近义词:due date, cutoff date, termination date, expiration date。

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