初中英语语法备考大全 专题13 简单句
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专题13 简单句
◎陈述句
○肯定句
○否定句
◎疑问句
○一般疑问句
○特殊疑问句
○选择疑问句
○反意疑问句
◎祈使句
○祈使句用法
○Let us 与 Let's
◎感叹句
○How开头的感叹句
○What 开头的感叹句
◎简单句的五种基本类型
英语句子从结构上看可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三大类。
只有一个主语和一个谓语和句子叫简单句。
两个简单句通过某些词语在连接一起形成并列、转折等关系的是并列句。
一个主句加上一个或几个从句(从句只作主句的某一成分)所构成的句子叫复合句。
简单句有五种类型:
A.主语+不及物动词(S+V)
B.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
C.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
D.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
E.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
按使用目的,句子又可分为四类:陈述句、颖问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、陈述句
陈述句用来叙述一件事情或陈述一个人的看法,分肯定和否定两种句式。
1.肯定句
肯定句的用法比较简单,在此仅举几例说明。
He works in a factory .(S+V)
He studied English in his thirties.(S+V+O)
He is a teacher.(S+V+P)
He gave me two books.(S+V+IO+DO)
He saw a man come in .(S+V+O+C)
2.否定句
否定句的用法比较复杂。
下面主要讲讲几种否定句式的构成及所表示的意义。
(1)一般情况下在系动词be,或动词have,或助动词、情态动词后,加not,构成
否定句式。
如:
He is not a teacher.
I have not any books.
He doesn’t work hard.
She doesn't go to the park.
I haven’t finished it yet.
He will not go there.
(2)no, never, hardly(几乎不),seldom(很少)等词在句中可构成否定句式:
He has no brothers or sisters.
I think you could never work out the question.
I could hardly believe my eyes. 我几乎不能相信我的眼睛。
I seldom go there. 我很少去那儿。
(3)两者的完全否定用neither(两者都不)
Neither of them knows English. 他们两人都不会英语。
Neither of the books will be put here. 两本书都不要放在这儿。
(4)两者的部分否定用both…not(并非两者都):
Both of them are not students. 他们俩并非都是学一。
Not both of them are students. 他们俩并非都是学生。
(5)三者以上的完全否定用none, nothing, nobody, no one 等:
I know nobody here. 这儿的人我一个也不认识。
I know nothing about it. 我对些事一无所知。
No one will come. 没有人会来。
(6)三者以上的部分否定用all, every, many等表示总体意义的词和not 构成(并非都):Not all of them know the secret. 他们并非都知道这个秘密。
Everything is not ready. 并非所有的东西都准备好了。
All are not students. 所有的人不一定都是学生。
All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。
【即时体验】
Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.He very likes English.
B.He already has gone to Beijing.
C.I always listen to the teachers carefully in class.
D.They had lunch yesterday in a restaurant.
答案:C
解析:考查陈述句的肯定式。
其结构:主语+谓语+其他。
A、B两句的副词位置不对,应该放在动词后面。
D句的时间状语和地点状语位置颠倒。
应该是先地点后时间。
因此答案选C。
二、疑问句
1.一般疑问句
英语中的疑问句共有四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句是要求用yes 或no来回答问句的。
Yes, no和它后面的简略答语必须一致。
如:
—Are you a student?
—Yes, I am.
—No, I am not.
(2)一般疑问句的否定式通常把be, have, 助动词,或情态动词和not紧缩成isn’t , haven’t, don’t , can’t 等形式放在句首,意思是“难道……不(没)……吗?”请看:
D idn’t you see it?难道你没看见吗?
H asn’t he arrived yet?你还没到吗?
C an’t you have a try?你不能试一试吗?
回答时要特别注意,因为英、汉的思维方式不一样。
中国人是先肯定或者否定对方,再陈述自己的看法或说明事实。
比如:“难道你不知道此事吗?”回答有两种:一是先否定对方“不”,再陈述事实或提出看法“我知道此事”。
二是先肯定对方“是的”或“对”,再陈述事实或提出看法“我不知道此事”。
英国人在回答这类问题时思维比较简单,不去肯定或否定对方,而是直接陈述事实或提出看法。
如:Don’t you know this?回答—:Yes, I do. 回答二:No, I don't .Yes或No 只是跟着I do 或I don't 的。
我们只需要看后“I do”或“I don't ”而不需要看前“Yes”或“No”。
我们来比较一下:
Won't he come this evening? 难道他今晚不会来?
Yes, he will. 不,他会来的。
No, he will not. 对,他不会来的。
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句用疑问代词或疑问副词(统称为疑问词)来提问,不用yes或no来回答。
特殊疑问句的语序有两种情况:
(1)对主语提问或对主语的定语提问时,特殊疑问句的语序与陈述句的语序相同。
如:
A. He is in the room.→Who is in the room?
B. He will come to help us.→Who will come to help us?
C. Xiao Li’s father is sixty years old .→Whose father is sixty years old.
D. His book is there.→Whose book is there?
E. This book is mine.→Which book is mine?
F. About 50 students will come.→How many students will come?
(2)对句子的其他成分(宾语、表语、状语及修饰宾语的宾语)提问时,用疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
A. He is reading a book.. →What is he reading?
B .He is reading in the classroom. →Where is he reading?
C.I was absent because I was ill. →Why were you absent?
(3)who 是主格,whom是宾格,口语中常用who来代替whom,但前面如果有介词仍要用whom.
Who (Whom) are you waiting for?
With whom did you go to the cinema yesterday evening?
3.选择疑问句
选择问句提供两个答案让你选择其中一个,两个部分用or连接起来,or前部分用升调,or后部分用降调。
Or连接的两个部分可以是状语、宾语、表语、谓语,也可以是两个分词。
不能用yes,no来回答,答句一定要完整,但有时也较灵活。
如:
A.—Do you want coffee or tea? 你要咖啡还是茶?
—I want coffee.(或Either will do.)我要咖啡。
(随便哪样都行)。
B.—Is he a teacher or a student? 他是教师还是学生?
—He is a teacher. 他是名教师
C.—Did you go there by bus or on foot?你去那儿是乘车还是步行?
—I went there on foot. 我步行去那儿。
4.反意疑问句
反意问句是提出情况或看法,问对方同意不同意。
这种问句的形式是由两个部分构成,前部分是陈述句的形式,后部分是一个简短问句。
前部分长,后部分短。
前部分与后部分在形式上不一致:前部分陈述用肯定,后部分提问就用否定;前部分陈述用否定,后部提问就用肯定。
但前后两部分在人称,数和时态上要保持一致。
回答时,用yes或no 回答,但要特别注意与汉语的回答习惯的不同。
反意问句的用法比较多,下面分别进行分析讲解。
(1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I。
例如:
I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
(2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
(3)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
例如:
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
(4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?
(5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?
(6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。
例如:He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?
(7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如:
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?
(8)陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。
例如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
(9)陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
例如:
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
(10)陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
例如:
He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?
What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
(12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
(13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?
(14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
A. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
例如:
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
B. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。
例如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?
C. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
例如:
I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
(15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
例如:
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)人人都知道答案,是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)没人知道这件事,是吧?
(16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare )+主语。
例如:
We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
例如:
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
(17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
例如:
Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?
Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧,好吗?
注意:
Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
(18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题,对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
(19)否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
例如:
It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能,是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
(20)must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
例如:
He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗?
【即时体验】
完成反意疑问句。
1. The Morse Code is rarely used today, _____________?
2. He made few mistakes in the test, ____________?
3. Nothing is more important than learning, ____________?
4. He could hardly remember me, _____________?
5. There is a little milk in the bottle, ________________?
答案:
1. is it?
2. did he?
3. is it?
4. could he?
5. isn’t there?
三、祈使句
1.祈使句用法
祈使句表示命令、请求等,主语省略。
肯定形式谓语动词用原形如:
Sit down, please.请坐!
Be quiet! 安静!
否定形式是Don't +原形,有时也可以用never+原形。
如:
Don't go out! 别出去!
Don't be afraid.别害怕。
Never mind! 别介意!
Never forget it . 千万别忘记!
2. Let us 与Let's
Let us do sth 是“让我们来做某事”,不包括对方;Let's do sth “让我们一起做某事吧”,包括对方在内。
如:
Let us go out, will you?(你)让我们出去,行吗?
=Will you let us go out?
Let’s go out , shall we?我们出去,好码?
=Shall we go out?
四、感叹句
感叹句表示说明时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。
感叹句有两种形式:一种以how开头,一种以what开头。
1.How开头的感叹句
A. How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语
How happy I am!
How happy he works!
B. How+主语+谓语
How he does!
How you think of it !
2.What 开头的感叹句
What +名词(可数或不可数)
What fun! 多么有趣!
What +a (an)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语
What a nice day it is!
What an interesting book you have!
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What interesting books you have!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
What good weather it is!
What treasured time we have!
两种形式的感叹句用法归纳于下:
a 或an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句!
What +
形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+陈述句!
How + 形容词或副词+ 陈述句!
【即时体验】
1. You should read after me. (改为祈使句)
_________ _________ _________ _________!
2. Tom is sitting on the desk.(改为否定祈使句)
_______ _________ on the desk, Tom!
3. The film is very interesting. (改为感叹句)
________ _________ the film is!
4. The subject of English is very useful.(改为感叹句)
_________ _________ useful subject English is!
5. These flowers are so beautiful. (改为感叹句)
_________ _________ these flowers are!
答案:
1. Please read after me.
2. Don’t sit
3. How interesting
4. What a
5. How beautiful
五、简单句的五种基本类型
1.主语+不及物动词(S+V)
这一种句型最简单。
如:
The sun rises.
He has gone out.
They are working.
rise, go, work 等是不及物动词,不能带宾语。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
I met him just now.
He speaks English.
I know him.
They are watching TV.
I enjoyed listening to the music.
以上几例中的动词meet, speak, know, watch, enjoy等均为及物动词,其后必须带宾语。
3.主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)
英语中的连系动词不多,有be, remain, seem, appear, get, become, turn, look, sound, taste, smell等。
系动词后边的分成是表语。
名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing 形式,过去分词,从句等可以作表语。
系动词和表语合在一起构成谓语。
It's Sunday today.
This book is mine.
He is clever.
The meeting is on.
4.双宾语句(S+V+IO+DO)
英语中有些及物动词可以带双宾:直接宾语和间语宾语。
直接宾语为物,间接宾语为人。
一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。
若将间宾跟直宾调换,须在指人的间接宾语前
加上to或for, 意义上没有什么差别。
能带双宾的动词有两类:
(1)give, show, send, bring, offer, pay, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, a-ward, owe, refuse等。
这一类动词后边的两个宾语如调换位置,间接宾语前通常加个to。
He gave us a ball.他给我们一个球。
He gave a ball to us.
注意这种句型中return和leave两个词的意义;return作“归还”讲,leave作“留下”讲。
(2)make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等
以上这些及物动词后的双宾语若调位置,间接宾语前需加for.
Will you do me a favour? 你可以帮我一个忙吗?
Will you do a favour for me?
5.复合宾语句(S+V+O+C)
英语中,有些及物动词后面可带一个宾语和一个说明宾语动作或状况的成分—宾语补足语。
宾语和它补足语合称为复合宾语,含有复合宾语的句子称为复合宾语句。
作宾语补足语的词语主要有不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、名词、介词短语和副词。
宾语和它的补足语之间有逻辑上的谓关系。
见下图:
He asked
I found
下面分别讲解:
(1)不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语,动作由宾语发出有三种情况:A.多数不定式带to;B.少数不带to, 谓语动词为使役动词make,let, have 和感官司动词see,watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等时,不定式不带to;C. help 作谓语时,作宾补的不定式可以带to也可以不带to 。
如:
A. Mother told her child to get up early. 母亲叫孩子早起。
He asked his mother to buy him a toy. 他叫妈妈给他买个玩具。
B. Don’t let them go out.别让他们出去。
You must make him understand what you said. 你必须让他懂得你所说的话。
I’ll have somebody help me do it.我要叫人来帮我。
注意:
①这一类的句子充当被动语态时,to必须还原:
You must make him understand what you said.
He must be made to understand what you said.
②forge, get 后的不定式须带to:
I’ll force him to change his mind. 我要迫使他改变主意。
I’ll get him to do this.我要让他去做此事。
C. help 作谓语,其宾语补足若是不定式可以带to,也可以不带to:
You’d better help him(to)find a better way.你最好帮助他找到更好的方法。
She often helps me (to) study English. 她经常帮我学英语。
附:①以下这些动词作谓语,可以跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语:ask, tell, invite, compel,
force, oblige, get, beg, allow, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, remind, request, order, command, warn, cause, press, urge 等
②像think, consider, believe, suppose, know, feel(感觉到)find, understand, declare, take 这类动词也可带宾语补足语,但不定式多由to be 加一形容词构成。
如:
I don’t believe that to be important.我并不相信那事重要。
Many people supposed him to be dead. 许多人认为他死了。
(2)分词作宾语补足语
现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。
用现在分词还是用过去分词,需根据分词的动作与宾语的关系来定。
作宾语的现在分词的动作是宾语发出的:
I saw
I found
作宾补的过去分词的动作不是由宾语发出,相反地宾语多为其补语过去分词动作的承受者。
You’d better have
He tried his best to make
可以带分词作宾语补足语的谓语动词最常用的有:see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel, smell, let, have, make等
(3)形容词作宾语补足语
形容词作宾语补足语,表示宾语所处的状况或性质。
如:
They set the prisoner free. 他们释放了那个犯人。
You must always keep your room clean and tidy. 你必须始终保持房间整洁。
This knife can cut bread thin. 这把刀可以把面包切薄。
能跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:
make, paint, dye(染),…ready, cut, set…free, keep, find, drive…mad, want, wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat…black and blue, suppose, prove, think believe, consider, leave等再看几例:Paint the table yellow. 这把桌子漆成黄色。
Dye the piece of cloth blue. 把这块布染成蓝色。
(4)名词作宾语补足语
名词作宾语补足语时,前面作宾语的名词或代词和它构成复合宾语。
宾语和宾补同为名词,看上去很像双宾,而实际上与双宾大不一样。
如:I call the boy Tom .(复合宾语)I gave the boy a book.(双宾)宾语和宾补之间有一种逻辑性的联系:多为逻辑上的主谓关系,如上句the boy 是Tom。
再如:The people elected Lincoln president.中的Lincoln 是president。
而双宾却没有这种逻辑上的关系,如上例中的the boy ≠a look,再如He teaches me English, me ≠English.
常可以带名词作宾语补足语的动词有:
call, name, make, elect, appoint, think, find, consider等
让我们再看几例:
They made him their monitor. 他们让他当了班长.
They appointed Mr Liu head of the school. 他们任命刘先生为校长。
I don’t think it necessary. 我认为没必要。
(5)副词作宾语补足语
副词也可作宾语补足语,这些副词通常是in, on, out 等。
如:
Did you find them in ? 你发现他们在家吗?
Let him out .让他出去吧。
Keep the meeting on. 让会议继续。
(6)介词短语作宾语补足语
Please make yourself at home 不要拘束。
She consider herself above others. 她自以为高人一等。
I found everything there in good order. 我发现那里一切都井井有条。
I saw many goods on sale. 我看到有很多商品在销售。
1.—The blue jacket looks nice on you. _________is it?
—It's 50 dollars.
A. How many
B. How much
C. How long
D. How often
【答案】B how many多少(后面加可数名词复数);how tong多久;how often多久一次(提问频率)。
由关键信息50 dollars(50美元)可知选B。
how much多少钱。
2. —I hear that an old couple are traveling around China by bike.
—Oh, ___________ long way on their bicycles! They are so great.
A. what a
B. how
C. what
D. how a
【答案】A way是名词,故用what引导感叹旬,而way又是可数名词单数,因此要在前面加不定冠词a,所以A是正确答案。
3.__terrible weather it is!
—The radio says that it'll get ____later in the day.
A. What a;bad B What;worse
C. HOW;bad
D. How a;worse
【答案】B terrible weather是一个名词性词组,所以应由what来引导这个感叹句,由此可否定C项与D项,同时,weather是不可数名词,前面不能加冠词a,可否定A项。
从另一个角度来看,由句意也可判断最后一句应是比较级的句子。
4. —______ are you talking about?
— The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What
B. Whom
C. How
D. Where
【答案】A 题干第二句承前省略了主语和谓语,该句的完整形式是We are talking about the Olympic Games in Beijing.同学们要注意,the Olympic Games in Beijing句中的in Beijing这个介词短语是做后置定语修饰the Olympic Games,正确的理解是“北京的奥运会”,而不是“在北京谈论奥运会”,因此选项A才是正确答案。
5.—Few well-known singers came to the concert,did they?
—________.Such as Andy Lau,Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang.
A. No,they didn't
B. Yes,they did
C. No,they did
D. Yes,they didn't
【答案】B 考查反意疑问句。
在这类结构的句中,若前一部分有few、never、hardly等表
示否定的词。
后一部分要用肯定形式。
回答时,只要事实是肯定的就用Yes,只要事实是否定的就用No。
复习重点:
1.陈述句否定式尤其是由nobody,nothing,neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的词构成的陈述句的否定式。
2.一般问句的否定形式及其回答。
肯定回答时用“Yes, +肯定结构”;否定回答时,用“No,+否定结构”。
注意这种语境中Yes和No与汉语的译义逻辑关系。
3.反意疑问句各种类型及其回答方式。
这是复习的重点。
4.祈使句的用法。
注意“祈使句+and / or +陈述句”的句型。
5.how和what引导的感叹句。
注意:“What + a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词”这一结构跟“How +形容词+不定冠词a(an)+单数可数名词”结构的转换。
1.(北京市)_________do you usually fly kites?
一In the park.
A Why B. How C When D. Where
2.(陕西省)—________?
—He is tall.
A. How is he
B. What does he like
C. What is he
D. What does he look like
3.(太原市)—Sandy ,_________are you going for vacation?
—To Hainan Island. I prefer lying on the beach. []
A. where
B. when
C. what
4.(吉林省)— ________will your Dad be back from Dalian?
—In a week, I think.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How far
5.(昆明市)The air is fresh outside. Let's go and take a walk, _________?
A. will you
B. shall we
C. don't you
D. aren't you
6.(兰州市)There is some water in that bottle, isn't ________?
A. there
B. it
C. that
7.(南京市)—_________kind girl Nancy is!
—Yes, she is always ready to help others.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
8.(哈尔滨市)—It's reported that the 29th Olympic torch is going to travel to 135 cities around the world.
—_________ exciting the news is! And it will arrive at the opening ceremony on August 8th,2008.
A. What
B. How
C. What an
9.(长沙市)________tall the boy is! He can play volleyball very well.
A. How
B. What a
C. What
10.(2009·山东)—Sorry, what did you say just now?
—I asked________
A. when did he leave
B. where you have been
C. whom will you go with
D. how I could get to the station
【答案解析】
1.D 考查疑问副词。
回答:“在公园”可知上句一定是“你通常在哪里放风筝?”park表地方,故选D。
2.D 根据后文“他高”,其问句必然是D项“他长得怎么样”,因为A项表示“他好吗”;B项表示“他喜欢什么”;C项表示“他是干什么的”。
3.A 本题考查特殊疑问词的用法。
由答语"To Hainan Island”可以推断问句中的特殊疑问词应该是表示地点的where。
而when是询问时间,what是“什么”均不合题意。
4.B in a week"一周以后”,in+时间段,用how soon提问。
故能选B。
5.B 这是一个let's引导的祈使句,表示建议,这样的句子在构成反意疑问句时,在句末加shall we,所以B项正确。
6.A 考查反意疑问句。
反意疑问句不同于一般疑问句和特殊疑问句,它由两部分组成,前面部分为陈述句,后一部分为简短问句。
7.B 考查感叹句。
感叹句用how和what引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词和动词。
8.B 考查感叹句,感叹句一般用how或what引导。
how修饰形容词、副词;what修饰名词。
9.A 考查感叹句用how和what引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词和动词。
10. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序,A、C语序错误,B时态不符,故选D。
一、单项填空
1. —You lent me some money a few months ago.
—_____? I don’t remember lending you any money.
A. Did I
B. Did you
C. Do I
D. Do you
2. — _______ is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?
—About two kilometers.
A. How often
B. How far
C. How soon
D. How long
3. — Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?
— ______.
A. Yes, a dictionary
B. No, a magazine
C. A dictionary
D. Yes, both
4. — _____ do you like Chinese food?
—Very much.
A. What
B. Why
C. How
D. For what
5. "Tom, afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy, "said Mum.
A. not be
B. not to be
C. be not
D. don' t be
6. —__________ is your telephone number?
— 865 2738.
A. How
B. What
C. How many
D. How much
7. ________ did you like the trip to Hainan?-It was wonderful.
A. When
B. How
C. Where
D. What
8. ______ is this machine for?
A. How
B. Why
C. Which
D. What
9. —It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell anyb ody.___________.
A.I do
B.I don’t
C.I will
D.I won’t
10. Be ________, and you will do well in the English exam.
A. careful
B. polite
C. sure
D. friendly
11. —Let's go and play football, ______?
— That's wonderful.
A. will you
B. do you
C. won't we
D. shall we
12. Few people knew how to use the Internet in the past,_____?
A. did they
B. didn't they
C. did he
D. didn't he
13. —Why is Tom absent?
—He must be sick, _____?
A. isn’t he
B. must he
C. is he
D. mustn’t he
14. I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _____?
A. do I
B. could he
C. did he
D. has he
15. Most students used to listen to their teachers in class and completely obey their teachers, _____?
A. used they
B. weren’t they
C. didn’t they
D. did they
16. — ________terrible weather it is!
—It is said that it will get ________ later.
A. What; good
B. What; better
C. What a; better
D. How; good
17. _________fine weather it is today!
A. What a
B. How
C. How a
D. What
18. ______ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
19. —important tool the computer is!
—I think so.
A. What a
B. How
C. What an
D. How an
20.—_______ day it is!
—Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!
A. What a lovely
B. How windy
C. What a rainy
D. How wet
二、句型转换
A.把下列句子改为否定句。
1 .Mike likes playing football .
______________________________________________.
2 .Her father will visit our school next week .
______________________________________________.
3 .He wrote two letters yesterday .
______________________________________________.
4 .Tom is doing his homework now .
______________________________________________.
5 .We have learnt 1200 English words.
______________________________________________.
6 .Let them come in .
______________________________________________.
B.把下列句子改为一般疑问句。
1 .She does her homework in the evening .
______________________________________________.
2 .You will go shopping this afternoon .
______________________________________________.
3 .He borrowed a book from the library .
______________________________________________.
4 .Your mother is cooking now .
______________________________________________.
5 .You have never been to London .
______________________________________________.
C.完成下列反意疑问句。
1 .It was cold yesterday , ?
2 .You won’t be away for a long time , ?
3 .Your mother could hardly believe her own eyes , ?
4 .Don’t talk in class , ?
5 .She said nothing at the meeting , ?
6 .There is little water in the glass , ?
7 .Let’s go swimming , ?
8 .I don’t think you are right , ?
D.将下列句子改为感叹句。
1 .It is an interesting English story .
______________________________________________.
2 .The workers are working hard .
______________________________________________.
3 .Tom has drawn a beautiful picture .
______________________________________________.
4 .The girl is a good student .
______________________________________________.
5 .It’s quite a nice sweater .
______________________________________________.
E、对下列句子的划线部分提问。
1 .Lucy is looking for Lily .
______________________________________________.
2 .There are twenty-four hours a day .
______________________________________________.
3 .Li Ming goes to school by bus every day .
______________________________________________.
4 .My sister likes watching TV .
______________________________________________.
5 .The girl’s shoes are under the bed . ?
6 .My uncle is a worker .
______________________________________________.
7 .It’s Monday today .
______________________________________________.
8 .It’s May 4th today .
______________________________________________.
9 .The man in the red car is Tom’s father .
______________________________________________.
10 .Mike watched TV yesterday evening .
______________________________________________.
11 .The shoes are one hundred yuan .
______________________________________________.
12 .He is in Grade Three .
______________________________________________.
一、单项填空
1. A。
本题考查疑问句的省略。
对前句产生的疑问,前句是对过去发生的动作进行描述。
故选A。
2. B。
本题考查特殊疑问词的选用。
由答语可知,是对距离的疑问。
故应用How far。
3. C。
本题考查选择疑问句的答语。
依据问句:你要借一本字典还是一本杂志?应是肯定的答语。
4. C。
本题考查特殊疑问句的疑问词的选用。
由答语Very much可知是对程度提问的,应由how提问。
5. D。
本题考查“be 型”祈使句的否定形式。
这是“be 型”祈使句,其否定形式是“Don't +be+表语(+其它成分)”。
因应选D。
6. B。
本题考查特殊疑问句的用法。
当询问某个东西是什么时,用what引导的疑问句提问。
7. B。
本题考查特殊疑问句的用法。
表示喜爱的程度,故用How。
8. D。
本题考查特殊疑问句的用法。
疑问句除作问句的主语或主语的定语以外,其余情况一律用“疑问词+一般疑问句”的语序。
9。
D。
本题考查祈使句的答语。
依据题意:这是我们两人的秘密,别告诉任何人。
我会的。
其意为:我不会告诉别人的。
10. A。
本题考查祈使句的用法。
be careful 表示“提醒某人做某事要注意”的意思,其它三项均不符合题意。
11. D。
本题考查反意疑问句的用法。
当前面陈述部分是let's do ......时,反意疑问句用。