【高考复习】高考英语猜词宜参考构词法和上下文

【高考复习】高考英语猜词宜参考构词法和上下文
在平时的阅读和英语考试中，我们都会遇到生词，这很正常，也不可避免。

根据文章
提供的上下文和掌握构词法猜测词义，是我们学习和掌握英语必须具备的能力。

对高考
而言，这种能力尤为重要。

从四年高考英语天津卷来看，阅读理解试题中总有一些题
要考查同学们根据上下文和构词法知识猜出生词词义或熟词新义的能力。

而从考试结果来看，猜词题一直都是难度大，区分度高的试题。

在这个项目上得分，可以使自己的高考英
语成绩占有优势。

2021年至2021年的试题中，在不同的语篇里，分别要猜collision，juvenile obesity，inheritable trait和compassion等四个词（词组），虽然这几个猜词题都有很好的上下文，也有比较明显的“词干”提示，但考试的结果，其难度系数（正
确选择率）却分别是：0.23，0.64，0.24和0.13，猜词成了大部分同学的“滑铁卢”。

高考猜哪类词
从近几年来看，猜词题既猜生词生义，也猜熟词生义；猜词里既有单词，又有短语；
词类分布上，以实词（名词，动词，形容词，副词和代词等）为主。

例一：Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality（个性）and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
A. A natural ability to attract others.
B. A way to show one’s achievement.
C. Lieberman’s after-class interest.
D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
答案A。

charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词，其词义与下文的“It’s about your personality（个性）and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有关。

例二：Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the
19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while
teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
The wo rds “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching
B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching
D. unhappy about teaching
答案A。

become/get hooked on sth为非考纲词汇表上词组，其词义可以通过下文的… and changed his m ajor from medicine to education.来获得。

例三：“It’s important to let children experience the reality of death,
if it can be done in an atmosphere of love and caring. A child whose sibling, parent or grandparent is seriously ill can be made to feel helpful by being allowed to run errands（跑腿）. Even a very young child can comfort a sick
loved one with a cheering visit.”
Judging from the passage, the underlined word “sibling” in the paragraph probably means .
A. friend
B. brother or sister
C. cousin
D. relative
答案B。

猜测sibling这个词时，需要注意它是与parent or grandparent一起罗列
出来的，这是通过列举归纳的方法来猜测词义的很好的例子。

sibling, parent or grandparent都与孩子有亲属关系，从这样的列举我们不难推断sibling应当是“兄弟姐妹”。

例四：Johnson looked like a man wanted in Los Angeles for robbery, so the police detained him at San Pedro for the night.The next day, Johnson
telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free.
The underlined word “detained” probably means __________.
A. caught
B. controlled
C. kept
D. hurt
答案C。

detained前面出现了a man wanted（被通缉的人），the police（警察局）；它的下面又出现了at San Pedro for the night（在San Pedro过一夜），综合分析上下
文的信息，应当是拘留，也就是用kept一词，注意不能用caught，这是个动作动词，表
示“逮着了”，但不能说“逮着了一夜”。

例五：Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He
isn’t some stuffy guy, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative （traditional） clothes.
The word “stuffy” in the paragraph means _______.
A. old-fashioned
B. respectable
C. narrow-minded
D. fat
答案A。

stuffy后面有一个though引导的让步状语从句，说明出现了反义信息，但
是stuffy前面又有not，说明stuffy就是wears his neat gray beard and conservative （traditional） clothes传递出的信息，因此选择old-fashioned“传统的，守旧的”。

例六：If left to himself, he would have whistled （吹口哨） life away in perfect satisfaction; but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness （懒散）. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house ――the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.
The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the paragraph probably means a man who______.
A. likes hunting
B. is afraid of hens
C. loves his wife
D. is afraid of his wife
答案D。

henpecked husband是通过前文事例，最后做出的归纳。

进行猜词时，要分
析文段所描述的人物特点：自己待着，无拘无束，其乐融融；而他的妻子却总会为他的懒
散而恼怒，整天唠叨他，结果他不得已跑出家去。

这种表现明显的是“气管炎”，怕老婆。

感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。