2018版高考英语全国用大一轮复习导学案文档book4 unit

话题词汇
1．agriculture n．农业
2．farming n．耕种
3．village n．乡村
4．rural adj.农村的
5．farmer/peasant n．农民
6．beach n．沙滩
7．major in以……为专业
8．cut down trees 砍伐树木
9．supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.提供某物给某人
10．the struggle for survival求生
话题佳作
高三年级举办了一次讨论会，请你根据下表写一篇活动情况的英文报道。

参考词汇：悲观的pessimistic
佳作欣赏
Last Friday，a discussion on the theme “What will the future be like？” was held among students in Senior Three in the lecture hall.Some students are quite optimistic，believing that in the future，with the development of science and technology，transportation will be more convenient and human beings，who will enjoy higher quality of life，will live much longer.However，other students，a little pessimistic，hold that as natural resources further decrease，farmland will become less.What’s worse，pollution will be more serious and more traffic accidents will happen.After that，we realize we should take immediate measures to protect natural resources and reduce environmental pollution.
名师点睛
本文信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

文章一开头就指出了活动的时间、地点、人物和讨论的主题，然后就讨论的内容作了详尽的论述，最后是学生讨论后的感受。

文章中使用了现在分词作伴随状语、定语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、不定式作目的状语等高级句式，此外however，what’s worse等关联词语的运用使文章行文连贯，过渡自然。

A．写作必记单词
1．struggle vi.&n．斗争；拼搏；努力
struggle against/with同……作斗争；与……抗争
struggle for...为争取……而斗争
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
2．rid vt.摆脱；除去
(1)rid...of...使……摆脱或除去……
get/be rid of摆脱掉；除掉
(2)You should rid yourself of that bad habit.
你必须改掉那个坏习惯。

3．equip vt.&vi.配备；装备
(1)equipment n．设备(不可数)
(2)equip...with...用……装备……
equip sb.for(doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备
(3)Equipped(equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
4．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
(1)confused adj.迷惑的
confusing adj.令人困惑的
(2)The audience is often left confused(confuse) about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave.
5．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜；n.遗憾；懊悔
(1)regretful adj.后悔的；遗憾的
(2)Jerry did not regret giving(give)the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
(3)I regret to say(say)I cannot accept your suggestion.
6．focus n．焦点；中心点；vt.集中；聚焦
(1)focus...on/upon...把……集中于……
(2)With his attention focused(focus)on his homework，he forgot all about what I had told him.
(3)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(填介词)(2016·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused(focus) for more than an hour at a time.(2016·北京)
7．reduce vt.减少；减缩
(1)reduce...to...把……减少到……；使……陷入某种状态
(2)Hunger reduced them to stealing(steal)．
(3)Any huge task seems easier when reduced(reduce)to baby steps.(2014·浙江)
8．comment n．评论；议论；vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论
comment on(upon)/make comments on (upon)对……评论
用法点拨
comment作及物动词时，其宾语通常只能是that从句，一般不接名词或代词作宾语，若语义上需接名词或代词作宾语，则通常用comment on/upon sth.结构。

B．阅读识记单词
9．decade n．十年；十年期
10．hunger n．饥饿；欲望；vt.&vi.(使)饥饿
(1)hungry adj.饥饿的
(2)be hungry for/to do渴望(做)……
(3)To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.(填介词)(2016·北京) 11．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturb v t.打扰
12．expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展
13．circulate vt.&vi.循环；流传
circulation n．循环；流传
14．freedom n．自由；自主
free adj.自由的
用法点拨
表示做某事的自由，freedom后通常接不定式，习惯上不接for/of doing sth.。

15．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而
16．export vt.&vi.输出；出口
import v．&n．进口
17．occupation n．工作；职业；占领
(1)occupy v t.占据；占领
(2)in occupation of占据……；占有……
in the occupation of被……占领
by occupation以……为职业
18．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的
chemistry n．化学
chemist n．化学家
19．production n．生产；制造
produce v．生产
product n．产品
20．discovery n．发现；发觉
(1)discover v t.发现
(2)But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.(discover)(2015·江苏)
21．soil n．土壤
22．root n．根；根源
take root生根；扎根
23．skim vt.浏览；略读
24．underline vt.画底线标出；强调
25．summary n．总结；摘要；概要
(1)sum v．总结；概括；n.总数；总计；金额
(2)in sum简言之
1．search for寻找；搜寻
(1)in search of寻找……
in one’s/the search for寻找……
(2)And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.(填介词)(2015·福建)
用法点拨
注意区别下列短语：
search sb.搜身
search for sb.寻找某人
2．thanks to幸亏；由于，因为
Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.(2016·江苏)
由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。

3．be satisfied with对……感到满意
(1)She finished her meal and gave a satisfied(satisfy)smile.
(2)The story has a satisfying(satisfy) ending.
(3)Satisfied(satisfy) that I’d done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad.(2015·陕西)
(4)To my satisfaction，the bookshelf just takes the books.(填介词)
4．would rather宁愿；宁可
(1)We would rather our daughter stayed(stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014·陕西)
(2)I would rather be laughed(laugh) at than quarrel(quarrel) with him.
用法点拨
would rather后跟从句时，从句中动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。

5．with the hope of怀有……的希望
6．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发
7．lead to导致；造成(后果)
(1)lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
(2)Our Party leads us in building socialism.
党领导我们建设社会主义。

(3)He led me to believe that he had a lot of influence.他让我相信他很有影响力。

8．turn to转向；求助于
(1)He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.(2011·重庆)
他总是我向其寻求力量和安全感的一个人。

(2)In the street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(填介词) 9．keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
1．If so，what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
用法点拨
if so如果是这样的话，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。

if 构成的其他省略形式：
if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if necessary如果必要的话；if ever如果曾经发生过的话
2．Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

3．Since then，finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
从那以后，发现培育更多水稻的方法成为他毕生的目标。

4．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。

5．Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物比如小麦和玉米。

用法点拨
现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子；动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

(1)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.
新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。

(2016·北京)
(2)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
她迫不及待地从包裹中拿出裙子试穿，结果发现它不合身。

(2014·天津)
Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
Famous scientist as he is，Yuan Longping considers himself 1.a farmer.He grows 2.what is called super hybrid rice.As a young man，Yuan Longping saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time，hunger was a disturbing problem in China.He wanted to increase rice harvests without 3.expanding(expand) the area of the fields.In 1973，a special strain of rice made 4.it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.Thanks 5.to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of 6.hunger(hungry)．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as rge(large) as before.He is now circulating his rice knowledge in less developed countries 8.to increase(increase) their rice harvests and he wants to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.Though he 9.has struggled(struggle) for the past five decades，Yuan Longping is quite satisfied 10.with his life.In his spare time，he enjoys listening to violin music，playing mah-jong，swimming and reading.
Ⅱ.教材与短文改错
Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed themselves as a great way to stop crop disease and increased production.Recently，however，scientists have been found that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s healthy.
With these discoveries，some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming，that is simply farming with using any chemicals.There is many different organic farming methods.All of them have the same of goal：to grow good food and avoid damage the environment or people’s health. 答案
Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers ∧
has become very common in
farming.Many farmers welcomed themselves
them as a great way to stop crop disease and
increased
increase
production.Recently，however，scientists have been
found
finding that long-term use of these fertilizers
can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s healthy health.
With these discoveries，some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming，that
which is
simply farming
with
without using any chemicals.There
is
are many different organic farming
methods.All of them have the same of goal：to grow good food and avoid
damage damaging the
environment or people’s health.
Ⅲ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于发展)
1．在这个地区饥饿曾是个令人困扰的问题，导致了很多人死亡。

2．在过去的十年里，多亏了政府的帮助，农民们成功地抵制了土地的沙漠扩大化。

3．具备了新的农耕技术，谷物和其他粮食的产量都增加了。

4．人们满足于他们目前的生活。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用定语从句，过去分词短语作状语等。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Hunger，which used to be a disturbing problem in this area，led to a lot of deaths.In the past decade，thanks to the government’s help，farmers have succeeded in the struggle against the expanding desert.Equipped with new farming methods，the output of grain and other crops has increased.People are satisfied with their present life.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
October sixteenth is World Food Day.This day is also the anniversary of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.)．The UN agency leads international efforts to defeat world hunger.It was created in 1945.
The F．A.O.says more than one hundred fifty countries are to hold special events to celebrate World Food Day.At F．A.O.headquarters in Rome，for example，runners will compete in a five-kilometer race through the city’s historical area.Events in other countries include discussions among experts，press conferences and musical programs.
The message of this year’s World Food Day is “investing in agriculture for food security”．The F．A.O.says，“During the early 1990s，the foreign aid for agriculture was nine thousand million dollars each year.But now，it has declined to less than five thousand million dollars a year.”Yet，the F．A.O.estimates that more than eight hundred and fifty million people around the world do not get enough food.
The UN agency notes that seventy percent of the world’s hunger lies in the farmers who grow small amount of food.Many also face problems of feeding themselves.The F．A.O.says agricultural aid could help small farmers make a profit from their crops.Farmers would also be able to feed their families throughout the year and re-invest in their farms.They could buy better seeds，
equipment and chemical fertilizers to help their crops grow.
Muhammad Yunis，the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to improve the lives of poor people，as well as his Bangladesh microfinance organization，the Grameen Bank，has lent small amount of money to poor people who are unable to get traditional loans，especially women.Minister Yunis says that he plans to give his share of the one million three hundred thousand dollars Nobel award to good causes.He says he wants to establish an eye hospital and start a project to produce low-cost food for the poor.
1．To celebrate the World Food Day，how many kinds of activities are mentioned in the passage? A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段可知，为庆祝今年的世界粮食日将举办：a five-kilometer race，discussions among experts，press conferences，musical programs四种活动，故选C。

2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The F．A.O.is established to invest in agriculture for food security.
B．The foreign aid for agriculture has reduced by nearly 50% in recent decades.
C．The Grameen Bank has provided large amount of loans for poor farmers.
D．Yunis will donate his entire Nobel award to help solve the hunger for the poor.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段“During the early 1990s，the foreign aid for agriculture was nine thousand million dollars each year.But now，it has declined to less than five thousand million dollars a year.”可知对农业的国外援助从20世纪90年代到现在的几十年中已经下降了接近百分之五十，故选B。

3．With agricultural aid，farmers can .
A．promote the production of crops
B．produce low-cost food
C．invest money in other fields
D．buy better food
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句“They could buy better seeds，equipment and chemical fertilizers to help their crops grow.”可知对农业的救助奖金充足的话，农民会有资金对他们的
农业生产进行在种子、设备和化肥等方面的再投资。

因此可以增加庄稼的产量，改善农业生产状况，故选A。

4．The writer wrote the passage mainly to .
A．give an introduction of the F．A.O.
B．inform us of the situations of the world food
C．appeal for more investment in agriculture
D．show how to deal with the world’s hunger
答案 C
解析主旨大意题。

结合全文，可知，F.A.O.的成立旨在解决农民的温饱问题，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召全世界重视对农业的资金投入，帮助解决更多农民的饥饿问题，故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五
(2016·江西师范大学附属中学月考)
Many of us are so busy with work，school and home life that often there is no time left over to do something that you enjoy.What follows are some ways to carve out that essential time you need to slow down，enjoy life and relax yourself.
Evenings with yourself. 1 If others ask you to do things those nights，just tell them you have e the time for gardening，reading，exercise，thinking or the ultimate luxury of doing nothing!
Monthly treat.Schedule a treat for yourself once a month. 2 Maybe you get a spa treatment，go to see a movie，a haircut，play golf or whatever treat you’re always thinking about but rarely get to.Schedule it in and it will happen!
3 Sports，theater，concerts or any other event you would enjoy.Schedule the plans with
a friend later.If you have the tickets already in hand，it will force you to make it happen.
Leave work on time.Huh？ 4 If this is you，make it a point to leave work exactly on time at least once a week，if not more.And then enjoy that time! Leave work at work.
Join a group.Here are some ideas of groups that can allow you some time away from work and home：singing group，gardening group，astronomy society，book club，biking club，ski club，etc.What are you interested in？Strike while the iron is hot. 5 If you can’t find a club，consider starting one yourself!
A．It could be on your lunch break，a weekend or it could be leaving work early.
B．Don’t ignore your friends.
C．Look up a club in your area today and join!
D．Buy tickets in advance.
E．Try to save certain weeknights just for you.
F．It is suggested that you join as many groups as possible.
G．Yes，many of us stay at work late on a regular basis.
语篇解读文章给我们介绍了几种安排时间做自己喜欢做的事的建议。

1．答案 E
解析根据上文中的句子“Evenings with yourself.”和下文的“If others ask you to do things those nights，just tell them you have plans.”与E项中的“weeknights just for you”相互应。

故选E。

2．答案 A
解析根据上文“Schedule a treat for yourself once a month.”一个月款待自己一次，可知A项“这可能是在午餐休息时间，一个周末或早早下班。

”符合语境。

故选A。

3．答案 D
解析根据后文“If you have the tickets already in hand，it will force you to make it happen.”可知D项“提前买票”符合语境。

tickets是关键词。

故选D。

4．答案G
解析根据上文“Leave work on time.”，语气词“Huh？”及下文可知G项符合语境。

5．答案 C
解析根据后文“If you can’t find a club，consider starting one yourself！”可知，C项“今天在你的地区找一个俱乐部并参加。

”符合语境。

这里club是关键词。

故选C。

Ⅲ.完形填空
(2016·重庆南开中学月考)
Our “Mommy and Me”time began two years ago.My next-door neighbor and fellow
1 ，Christie，and I were out in our front yards，watching seven children of about age 6 ride their
2 up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children
3 alone，” said Christie.
Then we 4 a plan：When Christie takes one of her children out，I’ll 5 her other three.And when she takes care of two of mine，I’ll take 6 out.
The children were extremely quick to 7 the idea of “Mommy and Me”time.Christie’s daughter，McKenzie，went first.When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of 8 .McKenzie was smiling 9 .Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She’s like a 10 child when there’s no one else around，” Christie shared with me quickly.Because her mother was all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain 11 .
Just as Christie had noticed changes 12 McKenzie，I also discovered something different in each of my children during our 13 times.For example，I am always 14 when my
daughter，who is 15 close to me，holds my hand frequently.My stuttering(口吃的) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our 16 since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son，Sam，who’s always a 17 when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.
The “Mommy and Me”time 18 us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest 19 .Every child 20 to be an only child at least once in a while.
1．A.worker B．sister
C．father D．mother
答案 D
解析worker工人；sister姐妹；father父亲；mother母亲。

我隔壁邻居孩子的妈妈和我一块在院子里，看七个孩子骑车，根据语境可知是妈妈，故选D项。

2．A.horses B．bikes
C．cars D．toys
答案 B
解析horse马；bike自行车；car车；toy玩具。

根据语境可知选B项。

3．A.off B．over
C out D．in
答案 C
解析Christie说，我多么希望我能单独带着其中一个孩子外出呀！take sb.out带某人出去，故选C项。

4．A.worked out B．threw away
C．gave up D．looked into
答案 A
解析work out制订出；throw away 扔掉；give up放弃；look into调查。

然后我们制定一个计划。

根据语境可知选A项。

5．A.see B．watch
C．witness D．control
答案 B
解析see看到；watch 看；witness目击；control控制。

当Christie带走其中的一个孩子时，
我照看她的其他三个孩子。

根据语境可知选B项。

6．A.nobody B．everybody
C．someone D．none
答案 C
解析nobody没有人；everybody 每个人；someone 某个人；none没有人。

当她照顾我的两个时，我带其中一个人出去。

根据语境可知选C项。

7．A.accept B．receive
C．refuse D．feel
答案 A
解析accept 接受；receive收到；refuse拒绝；feel感觉。

孩子们很快接受了这个单独与妈妈相处的想法。

根据下文语境可知选A项。

8．A.emotions B．candies
C．faces D．questions
答案 D
解析emotion情绪；candy糖果；face脸；question问题。

当她回来时，其他的孩子问了她许多的问题。

根据语境可知选D项。

9．A.forcedly B．luckily
C．broadly D．strongly
答案 C
解析句意为：McKenzie开心地笑了。

forcedly强迫地；luckily 幸运地；strongly强壮地。

10．A.normal B．different
C．similar D．brave
答案 B
解析normal 正常的；different不同的；similar 相似的；brave勇敢的。

Christie与作者分享McKenzie和她单独出去后回来发生的变化，即当没有人时，McKenzie像变了一个人。

根据语境可知选B项。

11．A.awards B．attention
C．results D．appointment
答案 B
解析award奖赏；attention注意；result结果；appointment约会。

她不用尽力地去赢得注意。

根据语境可知选B项。

12．A.in B．on
C．over D．off
答案 A
解析当Christie注意到女儿的变化时，我也发现独处期间自己孩子的变化。

changes in McKenzie表示“McKenzie的变化”故选A项。

13．A.lonely B．hard
C．alone D．old
答案 C
解析lonely 孤独的；hard困难的；alone单独的；old老的。

根据语境可知选C项。

14．A.tired B．embarrassed
C．disappointed D．surprised
答案 D
解析tired疲倦的；embarrassed尴尬的；disappointed失望的；surprised吃惊的。

比如，很少与我亲密的女儿不断地来握住我的手，我感到很吃惊。

根据语境可知选D项。

15．A.seldom B．always
C．nearly D．constantly
答案 A
解析参考上题解析。

16．A.ceremonies B．meetings
C．activities D．challenges
答案 C
解析ceremony仪式；meeting会议；activity活动；challenge挑战。

我那口吃的儿子在我们活动期间也不再口吃。

根据“...he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.”知选C项。

17．A.liar B．lecturer
C．defender D．follower
答案 D
解析liar说谎者；lecturer主讲人；defender防御者；follower追随者。

另外一个儿子总做跟随者，在活动中也成了优秀的领导者。

根据语境可知选D项。

18．A.forbids B．leads
C．educates D．allows
答案 D
解析forbid强迫；lead导致；educate教育；allow允许。

与孩子独处的时间允许我们单独与孩子相处，说话，分享和欢笑，这是最大的收获。

allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故选D 项。

19．A.gain B．disadvantage
C．suffering D．practice
答案 A
解析gain 得到，收获；disadvantage 不利条件；suffering痛苦；practice练习。

句意见上题，故选A项。

20．A.fails B．deserves
C．plans D．promises
答案 B
解析deserve to be值得成为，符合语境。

fail失败；plan计划；promise承诺。

故选B项。

Ⅰ.词汇拓展
1．invest vt.&vi.投资；花费
investment n．投资；投入
2．decline n．下降；衰退；vt.&vi.辞谢，谢绝
on the decline在消减；在衰退
3．refreshed adj.精神振作的；精力恢复的
(1)refreshment n．恢复活力；茶点；点心
refreshing adj.使人精神振作的；令人耳目一新的
(2)refresh one’s memory 唤起某人的记忆
4．lie in在于
However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
然而证据在于对DNA的分析。

5．up and down 上上下下；起落
back and forth来回地
6．make an effort to do...努力做……
spare no effort to do...不遗余力的做……
7．at least至少
not in the least一点也不
Ⅱ.句式升级
1．Many of us are so busy with work，school and home life that often there is no time left over to do something that you enjoy.(用too...to...改写)
→Many of us are too busy with work，school and home life to have time left to do something that you enjoy.
2．If you have the tickets already in hand，it will force you to make it happen.(改为动名词短语作主语的简单句)
→Having the tickets already in hand will force you to make it happen.
3．Because her mother was all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention.(改为含有with复合结构的句子)
→With her mother all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom(free)．(2015·江苏)
2．After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books.(2015·浙江)
3．As a result，Isabelle has been receiving(receive) blood transfusions(输血) every 4－6 weeks since she was 11 months old.(2014·福建)
4．The people who want to improve their lives are left confused(confuse)by all of the conflicting information.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
5．Many scholars are making efforts to search for language communities.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ) 6．To get an education，he was struggling against/with many difficulties.(2014·江苏) 7．Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery (discover) or invention.
8．The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations(occupy)．
9．They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity，keep people focused(focus)，and lead to relaxation.
10．You don’t need any special equipment(equip) except a good pair of shoes.
Ⅱ.运用本单元所学短语完成下列片段
In order to 11.rid local people of(让当地人摆脱) poverty，he made up his mind to 12.build up(扩大) his business.More and more people have good jobs and earn a great deal of money at present.However，they 13.are not satisfied with(不满意) the life because of the haze.14.Thanks to(多亏) the government’s effort，the air pollution has been 15.reduced by(减少了) more than 50%.As is known to us，it is our activity that 16.leads to(导致) air pollution.
Ⅲ.完成句子
17．乔治打算谈论他的国家的地理，但我宁愿他更多地把焦点集中在文化上。

George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he focused more on its
culture.
18．交朋友的第一步就是跟别人联系。

The first step to make friends is associating with other people.
19．外国卡车的事故率可能是英国卡车的三倍。

Foreign lorries are three times more likely to be in a crash than British lorries.
20．南方天降大雨，导致许多省份出现了严重的水灾。

It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces.
21．在摇滚音乐会中听嘈杂的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪。

Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2017·河南洛阳期中)
If you’re trying to lose weight，stress makes changes to your brain chemistry in ways that make it hard to make healthful food choices and maintain self-control，a new study finds.
Study volunteers who tolerated a somewhat stressful experience were 24 percent more likely to choose unhealthful snacks afterward compared with volunteers who hadn’t experienced stress.
And researchers think they know why brain scans showed that the stressed people had changed neurological (神经系统的) connectivity between regions of the brain that process tastiness，make value judgments and plan for long-term goals.
“Being able to regulate and control your decision-making involves this complex interplay between different areas of your brain，” said Todd Hare，the senior author of the study published in the journal Neuron.“There’s not just one region or node (of the brain)that turns on and off to establish self-control; they have to all work in unison together.Stress disrupts that synchrony(同步)．”
Researchers found that stress changes the way different parts of the brain communicate with one another.A simple way to think of it is like “phone line connections between the brain regions，” Hare said.“You could have a better or worse signal coming across that connection.”
The hormone cortisol(皮质醇) dialed up the activity from the part of the brain that processes tastiness，and strengthened connections between that area and the part of the brain that manages value judgments and decision-making.“So you have a region shouting about taste，and it’s coming through loud and clear，”Hare said.
In addition，the more stress participants felt，the weaker the connections between the part of the brain that deals with long-term planning and the part that manages value judgments and decision-making.This meant their long-term goal of improving their diet was less of a factor in decision about what to eat.
22．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The more effort the better for a weight-loser.
B．The less pressure the better for a weight-loser.
C．The less effort the better for one on a diet.
D．The more pressure the better for one on a diet.
答案 B
解析主旨大意题。

根据文章内容，尤其第二段“Study volunteers who tolerated a somewhat stressful experience were 24 percent more likely to choose unhealthful snacks afterward compared with volunteers who hadn’t experienced stress.”可知，文章主要介绍减肥的人压力越小，效果越好。

故选B。

23．Why does a stressed volunteer more likely choose junk snacks?
A．Because he has not set a long-term goal of improving his diet.
B．Because he makes it hard to make good choices and maintain self-control.
C．Because the connections between the related parts of his brain become split.
D．Because stress makes ill effects on the communications between related parts of his brain.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句“Researchers found that stress changes the way different parts of the brain communicate with one another.”可知，有压力的志愿者更可能选择垃圾食品，因为压力对大脑相关部位之间的交流有着不好的影响。

故选D。

24．In which section of a magazine can we most possibly read the text?
A．Food. B．Medicine.
C．Health. D．Lifestyle.
答案 C
解析文章出处题。

根据第一段“If you’re trying to lose weight，stress makes changes to your brain chemistry in ways that make it hard to make healthful food choices and maintain self-control，a new study finds.”可知，文章与减肥、健康饮食有关，因此最有可能出自杂志的健康版块。

故选C。

Ⅴ.完形填空
Many years ago，Mr.Smith asked me to be the referee(仲裁人) on the grading of an examination question.He was about to give a student a 25 for his answer to a physics question，while the student said he should receive a perfect 26 ，I read the examination
question：“Show how it is possible to 27 the height of a tall building with the 28 of a barometer(气压表)．”
The student had answered: “Take the barometer to the top of the building，fasten a 29 rope to it，30 the barometer to the street，and then bring it up，31 the length of the rope.That’s the 32 .”
I pointed out that the student really have a strong case for full credit，since he had answered the question 33 ，but the answer did not prove competence in physics.I 34 that the student have another try.I gave the student six minutes，with the 35 that his answer should show some 36 of physics.
His answer reads：“Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean 37 the edge of the roof.Drop the barometer，38 its fall with a stop watch.Then using the formula S＝1/2at2，calculate the height of the building.”
I gave the student 39 full credit.
Before I left，the student said he had 40 answers.He said，“The best way is 41 to knock at the building manager’s door.When he 42 ，you say: ‘Sir，I have a(n) 43 barometer.If you will tell me the height of the building，I will 44 you this barometer.’”
语篇解读作者讲述了一次为同事的学生做物理成绩仲裁的经历。

25．A.tick B．zero
C．mark D．comment
答案 B
解析tick记号；zero零分；mark符号；comment评论。

此处说：他准备给这个学生零分。

由文章开头可知这个分数存在争议，需要仲裁，故选B。

26．A.score B．praise
C．reward D．prize
答案 A
解析score分数；praise表扬；reward报酬；prize奖品。

根据该句意思：然而这个学生说，他应该得到一个完美的分数。

故选A。

27．A.change B．raise
C．determine D．find
答案 C
解析change改变；raise抚养，筹钱，提出，举起；determine测定；find发现，找出。

根据后面的内容可知是要知道如何用气压表测定高楼的高度，故选C。

28．A.care B．aid
C．effort D．improvement
答案 B
解析care关心，照顾；aid帮助；effort努力；improvement提高，改善。

此处构成固定搭配：with the aid of借助于……，故选B。

29．A.strong B．big
C．beautiful D．long
答案 D
解析strong强健的；big大的；beautiful漂亮的；long长的。

此处指系上一根长的绳子，故选D。

30．A.lower B．drop
C．carry D．place
答案 A
解析lower放低；drop滴；carry拿，搬运；place放置。

根据该句意思：把气压表放低，直到地面，故选A。

31．A.covering B．folding
C．measuring D．imagining
答案 C
解析cover覆盖；fold折叠；measure测量；imagine想像。

根据该句意思：测量绳子的长度，故选C。

32．A.height B．width
C．size D．weight
答案 A
解析height高度；width宽度；size尺寸；weight重量。

根据该句意思：那就是房子的高度，故选A。

33．pletely B．correctly
C．seriously D．carefully
答案 B
解析completely完全地；correctly正确地；seriously严格地；carefully小心地。

根据该句意思：因为他给出了完全正确的答案，故选B。

34．A.demanded B．required
C．insisted D．suggested
答案 D
解析demand要求；require需要；insist坚持；suggest建议。

根据该句意思：但是这个答案并不能证明他运用物理知识的能力，我就建议他再试一次，故选D。

35．A.warning B．advice。