高中英语4.2LearningaboutLanguage

4.2Learning about Language & Using Language
[夯实基础]
Ⅰ.课文单句语法填空[在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式] 1．Many animals have ________(disappear) during the long history of the earth.
答案disappeared 句意：许多动物已经消失在地球历史的长河中。

2．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into ________(be)．
答案being come into being “开始存在；产生”。

3．There were many different kinds of dinosaurs and ________ number of them used ________(live) in China.
答案a; to live a number of“许多的；大量的”；used to do “过去常常……”。

4．Dinosaurs died ________ suddenly about 65 million years ago.
答案out die out “灭绝”。

5．Some scientists think it came after an ________ (expect) incident.
答案unexpected an unexpected incident意为“意外事件；意想不到的事情”。

6．Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs ________(live) on any more.
答案to live 此处为too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”。

7．According ________ a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.
答案to 句意：根据一项联合国报告，在最近500年之内，大约844种动植物已经消失。

according to“根据”。

8．In pairs discuss the possible reasons for the ________(disappear) of dinosaurs.
答案disappearance 由空前的the一词可知应填名词形式。

9．It is ________(pity) that in the story nobody helped the dodo.
答案 a pity It is a pity that...“很遗憾……”。

10．First, I suggest ________(make) a special park for them.
答案making suggest doing sth. “建议做某事”。

Ⅱ.选词填空
答案According to
2．There was no ________ happening during the holidays.
答案incident
3．A new rule about smoking in public will ________ next month.
答案come into being
4．I think he lives there but I couldn't say________.
答案for sure
5．She studies very hard ________ she may not fail in the coming exam.
答案so that
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．What you have done does harm to the environment.
→What you have done ______/________the environment.
答案is harmful to; is bad for
2．When do you think this custom began to exist?
→When do you think this custom ________________？
答案came into being
3．I study hard so that I may not fail in the examination.
→I study hard ________________/________________ fail in the examination.
答案in order not to; so as not to
4．The foreign visitors came from a country which is far away.
→The foreign visitors came from a ________ country.
答案distant
5．I don't know it exactly.
→I don't know it ________.
答案for sure
[提升能力]
Ⅳ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1．—________to the weather report, there's a heavy rain this evening.
—Thank you. I will bring an umbrella.
答案According 句意：——天气预报说今晚将有大雨。

——谢谢，我会带着雨伞的。

according to“根据；按照……所说”，固定搭配。

2．In China, ________ number of people are studying English now, and the number ________ (grow) year by year.
答案a; is growing a number of“很多，大量的”。

句意：在中国，很多人在学英语，并且这个数字还在逐年上升。

3．These bags can't be taken before ________ (inspect)．
答案being inspected 句意：这些包在检查之前不能被拿走。

before为介词后跟动名词形式。

4．—Hello, John. I'm sorry to tell you that I'm too busy to go to the exhibition with you.
—It's ________pity. The artist is said to be a very good one.
答案 a It's a pity。

固定句式。

句意：——约翰，很抱歉我因为太忙不能和你去看展览了。

——很遗憾，据说这个艺术家很有名。

5．—How do you like your college life?
—Terrible. Not only ________I enjoy less spare time, but I find myself even
busier than before.
答案do 考查倒装句的用法。

否定词not only位于句首，使用主谓语部分倒装的结构，但but后面不使用倒装。

6．He had worked in this school long ________ the war broke out, but before long he had to leave the school.
答案before long before“在……之前很久”；before long“不久以后”。

7．—Is it ________ that the professor will come for the conference?
—Yes, that's for sure.
答案certain It is certain that...句型中，不可用sure代替certain。

8．I am surprised ________(meet) him in Tibet.
答案to meet be surprised to do意为“做……很惊奇”。

9．Most children need encouragement in time of failure ________ that they can cheer up again.
答案so so that“以便，为了”引导目的状语从句。

10．No one knows when exactly the lake________into being.
答案came come into being“形成”，符合语境。

Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Protecting wildlife has become a tough W1 problem in today's world. As one of the efforts, many countries formulate (公布) relative laws to protect wildlife. The need for such protection was realized centuries ago in India.
About 300 BC an Indian writer described W2forests that were somewhat like national parks today.S The game of killing animals was carefully controlled. Some animals were fully protected. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped (捕捉) or killed outside the park.
The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand sorts of animals are in danger of extinction(存在)，and the speed at which they are being destroyed has been increasing W3. With mammals (哺乳动物), for example, the speed of extinction is now about one sort every year. From AD 1 to 1800, the speed was about one sort every fifty years. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of saving wildlife while caring for P the world's growing population.
本文是说明文。

保护野生动物是一个艰难的问题，人们一边关注世界人口的增长一边尝试着解决保护野生动物的问题。

1．This report says that the need for protecting wildlife________.
A．was understood in India centuries ago
B．was described by an Indian writer about 3,300 years ago
C．is not met in many countries today
D．is not carried out in forests as well as in national parks
答案 A 细节理解题。

由第一段第三句可知，在几个世纪以前印度就已经意识到了保护野生动物的需要。

2．The report says that, in Indian forests of long ages，________.
A．hunters were given permits to hunt game
B．all animals were to be killed
C．the game of killing animals was controlled
D．no killing of animals was allowed
答案 C 细节理解题。

由第二段第二句可知，古印度对于森林狩猎行为有严格控制。

3．According to the report, men trying to save wildlife are thinking about ________ as well.
A．the animals in national parks
B．stricter laws against hunting
C．the trees in the forests
D．the growth of the population
答案 D 细节理解题。

由文章最后一句可知，人们一边关注世界人口的增长一边尝试着解决保护野生动物的问题。

4．From the report we can learn________.
A．the growth of the world's population has meant greater danger to the wildlife B．about a thousand sorts of mammals are in danger of extinction
C．the mammals' extinction speed is lower now than that of AD 1 to 1800
D．hunters who kill endangered sorts of animals will not be punished by law 答案 A 推理判断题。

由第三段可推知，人口增长同动物保护之间存在密切的关系，人口增长得越快，对动物的威胁就越大。

B
Giant pandas are now extremely W1 rare (罕见). Their number is less than 1,000 in the wild. The hunting of pandas has been banned (禁止) for many years, so this is not the problem. Destruction of its habital, when areas are cleared for growing
crops, is one of the main reasons for the panda's decline (数量下降). Another reason is that the bamboo on which they mainly feed, is dying back. The pandas find it difficult to move to new feeding areas. As the bamboo disappears, the pandas simply starve to death P1.
Bamboo is a poor source W2 of food, and pandas have to eat up to 4.5 kg of it every day, a process that takes them up to 16 hours. The process goes on day and night, with the pandas in a constant W3 cycle of eating for eight hours and sleeping for four. They can eat other foods, but will rather starve than change their diet when bamboo is scarce.
Giant pandas are very good climbers, and use this skill to escape W4 from the enemy. The giant panda lives alone for most of its life, only coming together with another of its species for long enough to mate. A newborn panda baby is born hairless and blind, is about 15 cm long and weighs only 100 g. The baby will stay with its mother for about 18 months, until it is able to set up P2 its own territory (地域)．Chinese and American scientists are studying giant pandas and their habits in order to put in place a major conservation (保护) programme. A process to make bamboo flower early may well have a huge bearing on the panda's chances. Zoos around the world are taking part in panda breeding (饲养) programmes. There is still hope that with human help, the giant panda can survive in the wild.S
本文先就大熊猫数量下降的原因作了剖析，接着介绍了大熊猫的生活习性以及科学家在保护大熊猫方面正在做的工作。

5．How many reasons for the decline of pandas are mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．One. B．Two.
C．Three. D．Four.
答案 C 推理判断题。

第一段提及了三种原因：猎杀、栖息地的破坏以及食物竹子的枯萎。

虽然猎杀现在已被禁止，但曾经是造成大熊猫数量下降的重要原因。

6．How much bamboo does a panda eat every year?
A．Nearly 3 tons. B．Nearly 2 tons.
C．Almost 1 ton. D．A half ton.
答案 B 计算推理题。

根据第二段首句可知，大熊猫每天要吃45公斤竹子，这样每年要吃1.6吨，故选B。

7．A panda ________.
A．goes out looking for food in pairs
B．spends two thirds of its time eating
C．won't eat other plants than bamboo unless it is really hungry
D．may eat bamboo constantly for 16 hours
答案 B 细节理解题。

根据第二段首句可知，吃45公斤竹子，需要大熊猫16小时的时间，也就是说大熊猫每天三分之二的时间是在吃竹子，故B正确。

8．All of the following are true EXCEPT ________.
A．thanks to its skill of climbing, pandas can escape from any enemy
B．a newly­born panda is about 100 g in weight
C．a baby panda can't see anything when born
D．a baby panda won't leave its mother until it is one and a half years old 答案 A 细节理解题。

虽然大熊猫会爬树，但并不能逃脱所有敌人的捕杀，故A项说法错误。

其余选项均与第三段内容相符。

Ⅵ.短文改错
Three years ago, I became a student in a ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly­equipped classroom, I find the teachers patient and considerate. Beside I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best use for it. I worked hardly and got along well my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always helpful. Soon, I became
one of the top student in my class, what greatly increased my confidence and I got more motivated.
My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but that how you use it that determines who you are.
答案 Three years ago, I became a student in a an ordinary school. Disappointing Disappointed
as I
felt at the shabby campus and the poorly­equipped classroom, I find found
the teachers patient and considerate. Beside Besides
I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best use for of it. I worked hardly hard and got along well ∧with
my
teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always helpful. Soon, I became one of the top student students in my class, what which
greatly increased my confidence
and I got more motivated.
My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but that ＼ how you use it that determines who you are.。