新教材外研版高中英语必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first 精品学案(知识点考点汇总)

Unit 6 Earth first
Where there is green，there is life.
哪里有绿色，哪里就有生命。

Wildlife protection is to protect human oneself!
保护野生动物就是保护人类自己！
Only to obey nature in order to overcome nature.
只有服从自然才能征服自然。

Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood.
大自然是慈爱的母亲，但也是冷血的屠夫。

A nation's moral is great，can from the animal's attitude to see.
一个国家的道德是否伟大，可以从其对动物的态度看出。

Dreams
—Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken­winged bird
That can never fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen only with snow.
The Tibetan Antelope
The Tibetan antelope is similar to the Mongolian gazelle(瞪羚) in appearance，but it is much bigger.A grown male Tibetan antelope usually weighs 35～40 kg and female 24～28 kg.The particularity of the Tibetan antelope is that there is a little bag in every nostril(鼻孔)．Its role is to help breathe on air-thin highland.Adult males' horns are
usually 50～60 centimeters in length，but females haven't any horns.Antelopes' lifespan is not very long.Normally，they can only survive for eight years.They like living in large groups on plateaus with the altitudes of 4，300～5，100 meters and are good at running.
But according to the recent research and report，the Tibetan antelope is becoming extinct but luckily many brave people full of responsibility have taken action to join in the protection of it.We also hope to see the grand scene—a large number of antelopes running on the plateau again.
[探索发现]
1．What is the role of the little bag in every nostril?
2．How long can antelopes live on average?
3．What do you think we should do to the Tibetan antelopes?
[答案] 1.To help breathe on air-thin highland.
2．Eight years.
3．We should take action to protect them from extinction.
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
()1.shark A．v.把……作为目标
()2.dive B．n.(鲨)鱼
()3.target C．v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水[答案]1－3BCA
b．短语匹配
()1.in fear A．因为，由于
()2.be scared/frightened/afraid of
B．对……有……影响
()3.due to C．把……看作
()4.cut off D．害怕……
()5.have a(n)．．．effect on
E．害怕地
()6.be based on F．错误地
()e across G．以……为基础
()8.see．．．as H．而不是
()9.rather than I．切掉，砍掉
()10.by mistake J．偶遇，偶然发现
[答案]1－5EDAIB6－10GJCHF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬2．fortunately ad v. 幸运地
3．extinction n. 灭绝，绝种
4．attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的
一般)看法，态度
Ⅰ.语境填词
shark，target，attitude
Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. 2．Only by working hard can you achieve your target．
3．Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don't happen very often.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The diver(dive) went into the deep water beyond the danger limit.
2．I was scared(scare)to death.
3．The boat sank quickly but fortunately(fortunate) everyone was rescued.
4．In a word，we must take some measures to prevent rare animals from extinction(extinct)．
1．This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Ja w s，showing a shark attack.
这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开始场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。

2．Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Ja w s was based on.
割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。

此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。

3．He came to see people as a danger to sharks，rather than the other way round.
他开始认为人类对鲨鱼是一种威胁，而不是鲨鱼对人类是威胁。

4．Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food，and they attack us by mistake.
专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们不过是误袭我们。

名师圈点
①shark n．鲨鱼
②surface v．升到水面，浮出水面
③in fear 害怕地
④a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事
※success作不可数名词时，意为“成功”
⑤award n．奖，奖品，奖金
⑥strengthen v．加强，巩固
⑦scared v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
※be scared of 害怕
⑧make things worse 使事情更糟糕
⑨frightened adj.害怕的，受惊的
※be frightened of 害怕
⑩stop doing sth.停止做某事
⑪(be) afraid of 害怕
⑫the number of ……的数量
※a number of 大量的
⑬due to 由于，因为
⑭fin v．切去(鱼的)鳍n．鱼鳍
⑮cut off 切掉，砍掉
⑯millions of 数以百万计的
※hundreds of 数以百计的
※thousands of 数以千计的
⑰have an effect on/upon对……有……影响
⑱be based on 以……为基础
⑲dive v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
⑳come across 偶遇
○21be covered with 被……覆盖
○22see．．．as 把……看作
○23rather than 而不是
○24the other way round 相反，反过来
○25from that day on 从那天起
○26target v．把……作为目标n．目标，靶子，对象
○27by mistake 错误地，弄错
○28fortunately ad v.幸运地
○29became/be interested in 对……感兴趣
○30extinction n．灭绝，绝种
原文呈现
SHARKS①：DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED?
We see a woman swimming[1] at night in a dark sea.Suddenly，she is pulled underwater.She surfaces②，cries in fear③，then disappears forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Ja w s，showing a shark attack[2]．It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers[3]．Ja w s was a great success④，attracting
huge audiences and winning many awards⑤[4]．It strengthened⑥people's long­held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
[1]see a woman swimming为感官动词后加现在分词作宾补，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。

[2]showing a shark attack为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰opening scene。

[3]that attacks and kills swimmers为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词shark。

[4]attracting huge audiences and winning many awards为两个并列的现在分词短语作定语，修饰success。

People have always been scared⑦of sharks，but Ja w s made things worse⑧.It made people frightened⑨[5] of sharks，especially of the great white shark.Many people who saw the film[6] started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans[7]．Some people stopped swimming⑩in the sea，afraid of⑪the horrible creature from the film.Other people started fishing for sharks，killing as many as they could[8]．At that time，nobody cared if sharks were killed，or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed[9]．
[5]made people frightened是“make＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。

[6]who saw the film为定语从句修饰先行词people。

[7]that ate humans为定语从句修饰先行词animals。

[8]killing as many as they could为现在分词短语作结果状语。

[9]wanted them killed为动词后加复合宾语，过去分词killed作宾补。

After 1975，the number of⑫large sharks around America fell quickly，and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑬fear of sharks，but also finning⑭[10]．Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off⑮.[11] The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup.Finning kills millions of⑯sharks a year.
[10]本句含有not only．．．but also．．．意为“不仅……，而且……”，连接两个并列成分。

[11]本句中动名词finning作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；where sharks are caught．．．为定语从句修饰a type of fishing。

Finning would have an unexpected effect upon⑰Peter Benchley，the man who
wrote the book the film Ja w s was based on⑱.[12] In 1980，Benchley was diving⑲when[13] he came across⑳an awful sight.It was an area where fishermen were finning，and the sea floor was covered with○21dead sharks[14]．Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.He came to see people as○22 a danger to sharks，rather than○23the other way round○24.From that day on，○25he fought to protect sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour[15]．“Sharks don't target○26 humans，”he said.Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food，and they attack us by mistake○27[16]．Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
[12]本句为复合句。

the man与Peter Benchley为同位语，其后who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the man，而the book后为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the book。

[13]本句句式为be doing sth.when．．．，其中when为并列连词。

[14]where fishermen were finning．．．为定语从句修饰先行词area。

[15]that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour为that引导的宾语从句作admitted的宾语。

[16]that sharks do not see people．．．by mistake为that引导的宾语从句作have proved的宾语。

Fortunately○28，not everyone who watched the film Ja w s became afraid of sharks[17]—some became interested in○29understanding them.Today，as we learn more about sharks[18]，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction○30.
[17]not everyone表示部分否定；who watched the film Ja w s为定语从句修饰先行词everyone。

[18]as we learn more about sharks是as引导的时间状语从句，as表示“随着”。

译文参考
鲨鱼：危险还是濒危？
我们看到一个女人晚上在漆黑的海里游泳。

突然，她被拖到了水下。

她浮出了水面，恐惧地大哭，然后永远消失了。

这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开始场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。

它讲述了一条大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。

《大白鲨》获得了巨大的成功，吸引了大批观众，赢得了许多奖项。

它强化了人们长期持有的观念，即大白鲨是一种危险的动物。

虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》让事态变得更为严重。

它使人们恐惧鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。

许多看过这部电影的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。

一些人停止在海里游泳，因为害怕遇到电影里描写的这种可怕的动物。

其他人开始捕捞鲨鱼，尽可能地捕杀鲨鱼。

那时，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀死，或者有多少被杀死。

人们只是想杀了它们。

1975年以后，美国各地的大鲨鱼数量迅速下降，不久世界各地的大鲨鱼数量也随之下降。

这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。

割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种捕鱼方式中，鲨鱼被捕获后，它们的鳍被割掉。

然后鲨鱼被扔回海里，在那里它们缓慢而痛苦地死去。

鱼鳍用于做鱼翅汤。

割鳍每年害死数百万条鲨鱼。

割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。

此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。

在1980年，本奇利潜水时遇到了一个可怕的景象。

这是一个渔民正在割鳍的地方，海底布满了死去的鲨鱼，这使他产生了深刻的变化。

他开始认为人类对鲨鱼是一种威胁，而不是鲨鱼对人类是威胁。

从那天起，他就开始保护鲨鱼。

他承认他的书中关于鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。

“鲨鱼不以人类为攻击的目标，”他说。

专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们不过是误袭我们。

每年只有大约六人被鲨鱼咬死。

幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼很感兴趣。

今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。

Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
()1.devote A．n.(野生生物)保护区
()2.presentation B．n.(宣传)活动
()3.reserve C．n.报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
()4.damage D．v.致力，献身，倾注
()5.affect E．v.释放，排放
()6.adopt F．v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促()7.release G．v.影响
()8.severe H．v.采取(某种方法)
()9.campaign I．v.破损，损害，损伤
()10.urge J．adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的[答案]1－5 DCAIG6－10 HEJBF
b．短语匹配
()1.keep．．．from doing sth.
A．常识
()2.take steps to do sth. B．想出
()3.mistake．．．for．．．C．分解
()4.break down D．号召
()mon sense E．在某些情况下
()6.in some cases F．依赖，依靠
()7.take．．．into account G．把……错当成……
()8.depend on H．阻止……做某事
()9.call on I．把……考虑进去
()e up with J．采取措施做某事
[答案]1－5 HJGCA6－10 EIFDB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．establish v．建立，设立
2．supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统) 3．reduce v. 减少，降低
4．permission n. 允许，许可
5．majority n. 多数，大多数(人或物)
6．amount n. 数量，数额
7．remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
8．concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的
9．contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)
10．average adj. 平均(数)的
Ⅰ.语境填词
reserve，damage，drought，flood，affect，supply，reduce，amount，remove，campaign
Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?
2．Our water supply has lessened as a result of the drought.
3．Using a mobile phone before going to bed can damage your health.
4．Is there any way to remove the ink blots on my dress?
5．Everyone should try to reduce the amount of salt in our diet.
6．It has been raining these days and the river is in flood．
7．A large amount of money is spent on the protection of the environment every year.
8．This anti-smoking campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers.
9．Jiuzhaigou Valley is a nature reserve located in Sichuan Province.
10．The timely rain after a long time of drought will certainly bring on the crops.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．You must ask for permission(permit) before taking any photos inside the hall.
2．It was so foggy(fog) that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.
3．Motorists should be punished severely(severe) for dangerous driving.
4．The adoption(adopt) of the new technology improved the production.
5．At the sight of the cruelty(cruel)to animals，he could hardly contain his anger.
6．These reforms made a major contribution(contribute) to the stability of the economy.
7．Great achievements have been made in the establishment(establish) of nature reserves.
8．Environment clubs encourage everyone to do shopping with reusable(reuse) bags.
9．The patient must be isolated in order not to spread an infection(infect)．
10．The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent(urge) need of food，medicine and shelters.
11．Always switch off the power supply after using electrical(electricity) equipment.
12．The judge praised the firefighters for their bravery and devotion(devote) to duty.
13．To the audiences，they will see a very friendly and personal presentation(present)．
14．The majority(major) of people are in favor of the suggestion that children be given more time to play.
15．Our government is determined to solve the problems that farmers are most concerned(concern)．
When we turn off a device，such as television，it goes into stand-by mode.
当我们关掉电视等设备时，它就进入待机模式。

中的材料，选出最佳选项
阅读教材P68
－69
1．What is really green?
A．Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
B．Remove the power plug supply，and it stops using power.
C．Eating local food is good for the environment.
D．It's better to take a shower than a bath.
2．Why are people advised to take a reusable bag?
A．Because plastic bags cause environmental problems.
B．Because plastic bags are difficult to produce.
C．Because paper bags are a danger to wild animals.
D．Because the process of making paper bags is more complicated.
3．What's connected with energy saving?
A．Eating local food.
B．Eating transport food.
C．Producing food by ourselves.
D．Using less energy during food production.
4．Which way of the following is saving energy?
A．To spend 8 minutes to have a bath.
B．To take a shower more than 8 minutes.
C．To try to take a bath instead of a shower.
D．To keep your shower time as short as possible.
[答案]1－4BADD
Words and Phrases
知识要点1devote v．致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65)Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted/devoting to ocean conservation.
现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。

[例1]He is determined to devote his life to science.
他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。

[例2]I want to be a teacher very much and devote myself to teaching.
我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。

[造句]你必须专心于工作。

You must devote your attention to your work.
[知识拓展]
(1)devote one's life/ time/ energy to ( doing) sth.
把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于
(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于；专心致志于
(3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚
①He always devotes his attention to helping(help) the homeless children.
②Devoted(devote) to his research，he almost forgot everything about himself.
③We appreciated his devotion(devote) to the project.
[小片段助记]
The old scientist is devoted to studying space，and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from.He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.
知识要点2reserve n．(野生生物)保护区；贮存
v．保留；贮存；预订
(教材P65)Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR)．
你好，这里是三江源国家自然保护区。

[例1] A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble.
朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。

[例2]These seats are reserved for special guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。

[造句]为了保护野生动物，应该多建立野生动物保护区。

To protect wild animals，more wildlife reserves should be set up.
①When talking to a friend，we should be frank without reserve.
②We always keep some money in reserve，just in case.
③A double room with a balcony has been reserved for him.
知识要点3damage v．& n．破损，损害，损伤
(教材P65)In recent years，we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。

[例1]Many buildings and cars have been damaged in the explosion.
许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。

[例2]The storm did a great deal of damage to the old houses.
暴风雨给那些旧房屋造成了很大损坏。

[造句]吸烟会损害你的健康。

Smoking can damage your health.
①Many buildings and roads were damaged(damage) badly when the heavy snow struck that city.
②The earthquake broke at midnight，causing great damage to the city.
[名师点津]
damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。

知识要点4(教材P65)We've also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes，which affect the water supply downstream.
我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。

(1)flood n．洪水，水灾；大量v．淹没；泛滥；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头
[例1] A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood.
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。

[例2]The ground floor of the house was flooded.
房子的底层被淹了。

[造句]水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水。

The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood.
①The charity received a flood of thankful telegrams and letters.
②Large quantities of food are needed in the flooded(flood) areas now.
③Applications flooded in after we advertised it on the newspaper.
④Seeing what the homeless were experiencing，memories of her childhood flooded back．
(2)affect v．影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭
[例1]An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour.
不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。

[例2]We were all deeply affected by the news of her death.
她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。

[造句]众所周知，吸烟影响我们的健康。

It is well known that smoking affects our health.
①Affected(affect) by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure.
②He didn't attend the conference because he was affected with a high fever.
③Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees' professional development.
知识要点5adopt v．采取(某种方法)；收养
(教材P65)This includes keeping the original environment from being touched，as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被触及，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。

[例1]Our school has adopted a new teaching method.
我们学校采用了一种新的教学方法。

[例2]They had no children of their own，so they adopted a neighbor's girl.
他们自己无儿女，所以收养了一个邻居家的女孩。

[造句]三个队采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。

The three teams adopted different ways to solve the problem.
①She treated her adopted(adopt) son as if he were her own child.
②If you can not have children of your own，why not consider adoption(adopt)?
③Paul's mother had him adopted(adopt)because she couldn't look after him.
[名师点津]adapt与adopt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。

知识要点6reduce v．减少，降低
(教材P66)Reduce waste by choosing reusable products．．．
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
[例1]Everyone should try to reduce the amount of salt in our diet.
大家都应该在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。

[例2]One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。

[造句]现在有这台电脑帮忙，我们就能降低生产成本了。

Now we can reduce the production costs with the help of the computer.
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%，we can't afford it either.
②They were reduced to begging(beg) for their living.
③To improve the air quality，the use of private cars should be reduced(reduce)．
知识要点7permission n．允许，许可
(教材P67) A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone，often starting with If．．．，May I．．．?
礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If．．．，May I．．．？开始。

[例1]You must ask for permission before taking any photos inside the hall.
必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。

[例2]We've got permission to go inside the old building.
我们已获准进入那栋老建筑物。

[造句]他请求经理准许他请假一天。

He asked the manager's permission to take a day off.
①It's illegal to read people's private letters without permission.
②We do not permit smoking(smoke)in the office.
③Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
知识要点8break down 分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体、精神等)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；拆除
(教材P68)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper.
塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。

[例1]You will break down sooner or later if you go on working like that.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。

[例2]Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商业首脑的会谈失败了。

[造句]我们的车在去公司的路上坏了。

Our car broke down on the way to the company.
①When he got home，he found his house broken into．
②Daddy would occasionally break in with a suggestion.
③Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
[小片段助记]
Their car broke down on the way to the cinema，so a quarrel broke out and at last the lovers broke up.
知识要点9amount n．数量，数额v．总计；达到
(教材P68)However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。

[例1]Any amount，great or small，will be appreciated.数量不论多少都将受到欢迎。

[例2]The loss from the flood amounts to ten million dollars.
水灾的损失共达1 000万美元。

[造句]他每天有大量的信件要回复。

He has a large amount of mails to answer every day.
①Large amounts of money are wasted(waste) on useless things every year.
②A large amount of money has been spent(spend) building more kindergartens so far this year.
③You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way!
知识要点10take．．．into account 把……考虑进去
(教材P69)In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away —even taking into account its transport.
在某些情况下，当地的农产品消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比生长在很远的地方的农产品多——甚至考虑到它的运输。

[例1]When it comes to developing our economy，we must take environmental protection into account.
当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。

[例2]When judging his performance，don't take his age into account.
评价他的表演时，不要把他的年龄考虑在内。

[造句]我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。

I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.
①She gave an exciting account of the football match.
②We had to put off the sports meet on account of the bad weather.
③The poor weather may have accounted for the increase in the number of people who cough day and night.
[小片段助记]
On no account will the head teacher take account of your excuse because even you can't account for your absence clearly.
知识要点11urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
n．冲动；强烈的愿望
(教材P71)It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。

[例1]Our teacher urged us to do more exercise after class.
我们的老师强烈要求我们课后多锻炼。

[例2]I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。

[造句]随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。

Our teacher urged us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.
①Parents should actively urge their children to take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
②The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in urgent(urge) need of food，medicine and shelters.
③It's of great urgency(urge) that we need to make the relevant laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.
[小片段助记]
The teacher urged that the students (should) be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.
知识要点12concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的
(教材P71)We are concerned that．．．
我们担心……
[例1]I can't help but feel very concerned.
我禁不住感到很担心。

[例2]Now an increasing number of people are concerned about the environmental protection.
现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。

[造句]我很担心我们可能无法按时完成此事。

I'm very concerned that we may not finish this on time.
①Everyone concerned(concern) in the incident was questioned by the police.
②However，I think we should show more concern for/about our friends.
③I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning(concern) the club.
[名师点津]concerned用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。

知识要点13contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿
(教材P72)Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.
看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。

[例1]Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。

[例2]He contributed a large sum of money to the flood victims.
他捐出一大笔钱给受水灾的灾民。

[造句]老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。

Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.
①The famous writer is one of the several authors contributing(contribute) to the book.
②Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the accomplishment of our work.
③Only in this way can we make a great contribution(contribute)to our family and our society.
[小片段助记]
Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press.
知识要点14average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，一般的n．平均；平均数；平均水平v．平均为，平均达到
(教材P72)The average score of our group is．．．
我们组的平均成绩是……
[例1]The average time Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week.
中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。

[例2]To their joy，their son's schoolwork is well above average.
使他们高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。

[造句]这个工厂工人平均每月的工资是多少？
What's the workers' average income a month in this factory?
①It's a small shop，with an average of about 500 customers a week.
②On average，how much time do you spend on sports activities each week?
③He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.
Sentence Pattern
重点句式倍数表达法
(教材P68)However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。

句式分析：four times as much energy as是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数＋as much/many＋n.＋as”。

[例1]Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year.
我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。

[例2]Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it cost twice as much as his.
彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他上衣的两倍。

[造句]他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。

He has got three times as many books as his younger sister.
[知识拓展]
常见的倍数句型：
(1)．．．倍数＋as＋adj./ad v.的原级＋as．．．
(2)．．．倍数＋adj./ad v.的比较级＋than．．．
(3)．．．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth．．．) ＋of．．．
①This hill is four times the height(high) of that small one.
②The old railway is three times the length(long) of the new high-speed railway.
③It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
[名师点津]表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。

句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。

推理判断题之写作意图/目的
任何人写文章都有意图或目的，高考阅读理解时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握住文章的主题思想。

[例题剖析]
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
●What does the author intend to tell us in the paragraph?
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without self­pity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
D[考查推理判断题之写作意图/目的。

作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等待，由此可知作者在本段中主要是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。

故选D项。

]
[即学即练]
The eight­part series(系列节目)，Sa v e Money：Good Food，follows in the footsteps of ITV's Sa v e Money：Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
●What does the author intend to do in the paragraph?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C[本段介绍了与Sa v e Money：Good Food这个电视节目相关的节目Sa v e Money：Good Health的情况，旨在提供一些背景信息。

]
1．scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的→scary adj.可怕的，吓人的
2．dive v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→diver n．潜水员→diving n．潜水3．fortune n．运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately ad v.幸运地4．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction n．灭绝，绝种
target v．把……作为目标n．目标；对象；靶子
①Few players managed to get their shots on the target. 靶子
②The company has targeted adults as its primary customers.
把……作为目标
③We were still right on target for our deadline. 目标
Words and Phrases
知识要点1scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬n．恐慌，惊吓
(教材P62)People have always been scared of sharks，but Ja w s made things worse.
虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》让事态变得更为严重。

[例1]The drought is really serious，but it can't scare us.
旱情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们。

[例2]Don't you realize what a scare you've given us all?
你难道没意识到你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？
[造句]对不起，我并不是要吓唬你们。

I'm sorry，but I didn't mean to scare you.
[知识拓展]
(1)scare．．．away/off把……吓跑
scare．．．to death 把……吓得要死
scare sb.into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare sb.out of one's mind/skin
把某人吓得魂不附体
(2)scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
be scared of 害怕
(3)scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的
①The high price scared away/off many possible buyers.
②News of the robbery scared many people into fitting new locks to their doors.
③It's scary(scare) to think how easily children can be hurt.
[小片段助记]
The scary scene scared the boy.He felt scared but he tried to hide his scare.
知识要点2due to 因为，由于；应归于；应支付。