高考英语一轮复习第1部分选修8Unit4Pygmalion单元提能训练含解析新人教版

高考英语一轮复习第1部分：
第一部分选修8 Unit 4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020年海南省天一联考第三次模拟)
Laurie Santos greeted her Yale University students with slips of paper that explained: No class today.
It was mid－semester (学期)．With exams and papers coming, everyone was exhausted and stressed.There was one rule: They couldn’t use the one hour and a quarter of unexpected free time to study, and they had to just enjoy it.Nine students hugged her.Two burst into tears.
Santos, a professor of psychology, had planned to give a lecture about what researchers have learned about how important time is to happiness, but she created a special class on the psychology of living a joyful, meaningful life and she wanted the lessons to stick.All semester, she explained why we think the way we do.Then, she challenged students to use that knowledge to change their own lives.
On that spring afternoon, nearly a quarter of the undergraduate students were enjoying an unexpected break at the same time.No, not just enjoying it — really loving the gift they had been given.Skyler Robinson, a sophomore, had been confused for a moment by all the possibilities it opened up.He felt very, very happy.Then, he took a nap.“That nap，” he said, “was fantastic.”
Santos designed this class after she realized, as the head of a residential college at Yale, that many students were stressed out and unhappy, struggling through long days that seemed to her far more crushing (惨重的) and joyless than her own college years.
Santos said students were most skeptical of th e idea that good grades aren’t essential to happiness.And when she joked she was going to teach them that by giving everyone “D”，she was flooded with calls from frightened students and parents.Santos told them she was creating a center for the good life at the college she leads at Yale.As for the good life, she told them they already know how to live it — they just have to practice and put in hard work.
So many students have told her the class changed their lives.“If you’re really grateful, show me that.” she told them.“Change the culture.”
( )1．What did Santos ask her Yale students to do that day?
A．Study for the coming exams.
B．Enjoy the free time in her class.
C．Apply their way of thinking to life.
D．Realize the importance of time.
( )2．What does Santos think of her Yale students?
A．They care nothing about grades but happiness.
B．They are stressed into a hopeless generation.
C．They are living a joyful and meaningful life.
D．They suffer great pressure from learning.
( )3．How was Santos’ special class th at day?
A．Popular. B．Discouraging.
C．Humorous. D．Dull.
( )4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Yale Has A Special Course About Social Life
B．Yale Teaches Its Students About Good Grades
C．Yale Has A Course All About Living Happily
D．Yale Helps Its Students Reduce Learning Pressure
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了耶鲁大学的一门关于幸福生活的课程。

1．B 细节理解题。

根据第一段“Laurie Santos greeted her Yale University students with slips of paper that explained: No class today (劳丽·桑托斯(Laurie Santos)向耶鲁大学(Yale University)的学生们打招呼时递上了一张纸条，上面写着：今天不上课)．”由此可知，Santos那天让她的Yale学生享受她课堂上的自由时间。

故选B项。

2．D 推理判断题。

根据第二段中“With exams and papers coming, everyone was exhausted and stressed(随着考试和论文的到来，每个人都筋疲力尽，压力很大)．”由此可知，Santos认为她的Yale学生承受着巨大的学习压力。

故选D项。

3．A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中“Nine students hugged her.Two burst into tears(九名学生拥抱了她。

两个人突然哭了起来)．”和最后一段第一句“So many students have told her the class changed their lives(很多学生告诉她，这课改变了他们的生活)．”由此可知，Santos的特殊课是受欢迎的。

故选A项。

4．C 标题推测题。

根据第三段中“Santos, a professor of psychology, had planned to give a lecture about what researchers have learned about how important time is to happiness, but she created a special class on the psychology of living a joyful, meaningful life and she wanted the lessons to stick (Santos是一名心理学教授，她本打算做一个讲座，介绍研究人员在时间对幸福的重要性方面的研究成果，但她开设了一门关于快乐而有意义的生活的心理学的特殊课程，她希望这些课程能够深入人心)．”由此可知，耶鲁有一门关于幸福生活的课程。

所以文章最佳标题为“耶鲁有一门关于幸福生活的课
程”。

故选C项。

B
(2020年山东省济南市5月模拟)
Telling someone they are not hired is never an easy job, but all hiring managers will face this difficult situation many times in their careers.While everyone fears denial on some level, it is important to understand that not everyone will fit in every job.Further, there are times when the applicant quality will be so great, a decision to reject an applicant may not reflect on that applicant’s abilities but the overall quality of the field.
There are a number of methods that can be used to get the message across that a person is not hired.In many cases, especially for those who were never called for an interview, a simple form letter may be sufficient.In other cases, where someone may have been called for an interview, a phone call or letter could be chosen to deliver the message that they were not hired.In cases where there may be an ongoing relationship with the person not hired, it may be best to break the news in person, though this has the obvious potential of being more uncomfortable.Above all, it is best to always be honest with those who didn’t get the job.Lying is never acceptable.
Generally, it is not a good idea to tell someone specific reasons why they are not hired for a job.This can only lead to resentment(怨恨)and regret.However, there may be specific times when this could be a good idea.For example, if an applicant is promising and the hiring manager believes another position will be opening up that suits the applicant’s ski lls, this could be a way to let that person know they may soon have another opportunity.
In all cases, even if you feel someone has cheated to obtain an interview, never behave in a way which shows you are superior to them.This is unprofessional and reflects very poorly not only on the hiring manager, but the organization as a whole.
( )5．Why are some applicants refused according to Paragraph 1?
A．They are interested in other fields.
B．They don’t qualify for the position.
C．They are afraid of making decisions.
D．They lack the courage to face failures.
( )6．How may a not－interviewed applicant be informed of the rejection?
A．By receiving a formal phone call.
B．By getting a simple form letter.
C．By checking a message online.
D．By attending a personal meeting.
( )7．In what case will applicants be told exactly why they are not hired?
A．They regret applying for the job.
B．They demand specific explanations.
C．They may be capable of another post.
D．They have submitted false information.
( )8．What can be inferred about the position of hiring managers?
A．It calls for professional skills.
B．It attracts the applicants most.
C．It doesn’t allow for any mistake.
D．It requires honesty and ambition.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

作者对招聘者如何告诉求职者没有被录用提出了一些看法和建议。

5．B 细节理解题。

根据文章第一段“While every one fears denial on some level, it is important to understand that not everyone will fit in every job (虽然每个人都在某种程度上害怕被否定，但重要的是要明白，不是每个人都能胜任每一份工作)．”可知，有些申请者会被拒绝是因为他们不适合这个职位。

故选B项。

6．B 细节理解题。

根据文章第二段“In many cases, especially for those who were never called for an interview, a simple form letter may be sufficient(在很多情况下，特别是那些从未被要求面试的人来说，一封简单形式的信就足够了)．”可知，通知未接受面试的申请人，可以通过一封简单的信函。

故选B项。

7．C 细节理解题。

根据文章第三段：然而，在某些特定的时间，这可能是个好主意。

例如，如果一个应聘者很有前途，而招聘经理认为会有一个适合他技能的职位出现，这可以让那个人知道他们很快就会有另一个机会。

由此可知，当应聘者也许能胜任另一个职位，申请人可以被告知为什么他们没有被录用。

故选C项。

8．A 推理判断题。

根据文章最后第一段：在任何情况下，即使你觉得有人为了获得面试机会而欺骗了你，也不要表现得比他们优越。

这样做很不专业，不仅会给招聘经理，也会给整个组织带来不好的影响。

可推断出，关于招聘经理的职位，需要专业技能。

故选A项。

Ⅱ.七选五
(2021年山东省实验中学第一次诊断考试)
Capturing a dramatic sky with a camera is more difficult than it seems.With the sky lighter than the land, the camera will typically over－expose the sky, turning
a brilliant blue into an unexciting gray.__1__
◆Time is right.
Landscape photography may not require the timing that’s necessary for capturing a baby’s smile.__2__ The sky that’s gray one day, could be bright blue the next.When planning out a landscape photo, consider how the timing will impact the sky.
◆__3__
Photography rules are sometimes meant to be broken.Sometimes, using the wrong white balance setting creates a more dramatic sky.This is especially true when shooting towards the beginning or end of the day.
◆Compose for the sky.
__4__ If you are shooting a photo with an average looking sky, try placing the horizon on the upper third of the image, so more of the land is included in the photo.But if the sky is really dramatic, take advantage of that and include more of it in the frame by placing the horizon on the lower third.
◆Use a filter(滤镜)．
__5__ It limits the light coming in for bright scenes or long exposures.Every landscape photographer should have a filter in their camera bag in order to capture more dramatic skies.
A．A filter is like sunglasses.
B．Try the wrong white balance.
C．You can ignore any other factors.
D．Wait for a sunny day to take your photo.
E．Pay attention to where you place the horizon.
F．But timing is a big part to shoot a perfect sky.
G．Here are several tips for capturing perfect skies.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要就如何拍摄出完美的天空提出了一些建议。

1．G 根据上文“Capturing a dramatic sky with a camera is more difficult than it seems.With the sky lighter than the land, the camera will typically over－expose the sky, turning a brilliant blue into an unexciting gray (用相机捕捉引人注目的天空比看起来要困难得多。

由于天空比陆地亮，相机通常会过度曝光天空，将明亮的蓝色变成平淡的灰色)．”可知，本句为本段最后一句，有启示下文的作用，结合后文主要介绍了一些拍摄天空的技巧，故G选项“这里有一些拍摄出完美天空的技巧”符合语境。

故选G 项。

2．F 根据标题“◆Time is right.”以及后文“The sky that’s gray one day, could be bright blue the next.When planning out a landscape photo, consider how the timing will impact the sky(今天还是灰色的天空，明天可能会变成明亮的蓝色。

在规划一张风景照片时，要考虑时机对天空的影响)．”可知，本段主要说明的是拍摄天空要注意时机问题，且标题中Time可对应到F选项中timing。

故F选项“但要拍摄出完美的天空，时机是很重要的”符合语境。

故选F项。

3．B 本空为本段小标题，根据后文“Photography rules are sometimes meant to be broken.Sometimes, using the wrong white balance setting creates a more dramatic
sky.This is especially true when shooting towards the beginning or end of the day(有时候，摄影规则就是用来打破的。

有时，使用错误的白平衡设置可以创造出更引人注目的天空。

尤其是在一天的开始或结束时拍摄，更是如此)．”由此可知，本段主要说明的是要勇于打破常规，尝试错误的白平衡设置，且后文中“the wrong white balance setting”可对应到B选项中“the wrong white balance”。

故B选项“尝试错误的白平衡”符合小标题。

故选B项。

4．E 根据后文“If you are shooting a photo with an average l ooking sky, try placing the horizon on the upper third of the image, so more of the land is included in the photo.But if the sky is really dramatic, take advantage of that and include more of it in the frame by placing the horizon on the lower third (如果你拍摄的是一个普通的天空，试着把地平线放在图像的上三分之一处，这样可以将更多的陆地包括在照片中。

但如果天空真的非常引人注目，就可以利用这一点，将地平线放在下三分之一处，从而将更多的天空纳入画面)．”可知，后文主要说明了拍摄天空放置地平线位置的问题，且后文中“placing the horizon”可对应到E选项中“place the horizon”。

故E选项“注意你放置地平线的位置”符合语境。

故选E项。

5．A 根据小标题“◆Use a filter.”以及后文“It limits the light com ing in for bright scenes or long exposures.Every landscape photographer should have a filter in their camera bag in order to capture more dramatic skies (它限制光线进入明亮的场景或长时间曝光。

每个风景摄影师都应该在他们的相机包里装上一个滤镜，这样才能捕捉到更引人注目的天空)．”可知，本段主要说明的是拍摄天空时滤镜的使用问题，结合后文可知，本句主要是在说明滤镜的作用。

且标题中“a filter”可对应到A选项中“A filter”。

故A选项“滤镜就像太阳镜”符合语境。

故选A项。

Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2021年山东省临沂市、枣庄市临考演练)
假定你是李华，你校将举办“美在校园”(The Beauty at Campus)摄影大赛。

请给你的朋友新西兰留学生Lucy写封邮件，邀请她参赛。

内容包括：
1．比赛的目的；
2．作品要求和截止日期；
3．投稿地址：photocontest@ 。

注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________ Dear Lucy，
How is everything going? A photography contest will be organized in our school.Knowing that you are interested in photography, I’m writing to invite you
to attend the eve nt.The aim of the event named “The Beauty at Campus” is to enrich students’ extracurricular activities and strengthen their appreciation of beauty.The photos are required to show the beauty of our campus, and your works should be handed in before July 1．If you want to join, you can send your photos to photocontest@.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua。