最新-2018年高考英语一轮复习 简单句 精品

2018年高考英语一轮语法复习：简单句
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。

The old man lives in this village .（一个主语+一个谓语）
Li Qing and Li Hui went there together.( 并列主语+一个谓语)
She went out ,bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.(一个主语+三个并列谓语)
They are twins.（一个主语+连系动词+表语）
She always keeps the room clean and tidy.(一个主语+一个谓语)
英语简单句五种基本句型
（一）:基本句型一: 主+系+表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem, feel, remain, prove, smell, sound，hold, stay, stand（保持）等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn, come ,go ,等属另一类,表示变化.其中be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义.
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. His face turned red.
4. Everything looks different.
5. He is growing tall and strong.
连系动词不用于被动语态（若用作行为动词除外）。

【正】The apple tastes sweet .这苹果尝起来很甜。

【误】The apple is tasted sweet.
作表语的一般不能是-ly结尾的副词，否则句子不能成立。

下面句子中常采用形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

例如：I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help you.
We are determined to follow his example.
常见系动词采用it作形式主语的有如下：
It seems that------（看来------）
It appears that------（看来------）
It appears/seems as if-----（看起来好像------）
It turned out that------（原来------）
（二）：基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.
1. The sun was shining.
2. The moon rose.
3. What he said does not matter.
4. They talked for half an hour.
5. The pen writes smoothly.
注意事项：
不接宾语，因此没有被动语态。

【正】The music sounds sweet. 【误】The music is sounded sweet.
【正】The pen belongs to you. 【误】The pen is belonged to you.
常见使用主动语态的动词有：blame, happen, take place, break out ,occur ,come about, belong to, keep long, lose heart等。

有一类词与easily ,well. smoothly连用来说明主语的性质，特点的词也常常看作是不及物动词。

常见的有：sell, wash, write, clean, cook等词。

例如：The cloth washes easily/well. 这衣服很好洗。

The books sell well. The pen writes well. 常见瞬间性动词采用it当形式主语的有如下：
It so happened that------碰巧-----，说来也巧------
It occurred to me that------我突然想到------
It follows that------从而-----，于是乎-------，这样一来------
【正】It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.
【误】That the keys might be left in the car suddenly occurred to him.
（三）：基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.
1. Who knows the answer？
2. He enjoys reading.
3. He admits that he was mistaken.
（四）：基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.
1. She ordered herself a new dress.
2. I showed him my pictures.
3. He bought you a dictionary.
4. I told him that the bus was late.
5. He showed me how to run the machine.
注意事项：
(1).常见使用双宾语的动词有：give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take ,show ,teach, get等以外，还有award，lend，rent，buy ,pay, hand, recommend等
She gives me a book.
(2). 同时要注意介词的使用，如果是要使用介词to时,多数时候是表示动作的方向。

如give，tell，send，write，show，pay，hand，recommend等等。

1.The schoolmaster awarded the prize to me.
2.She gave her telephone number to me。

3.He handed a letter to me。

(3).如果使用for时，多数时候是表示动作的目的。

如buy，make，sing，cook等等。

1.They left Beijing for shanghai .
2.My parents buy a computer for me.
3.She sang a folk for us。

4.She cooked a delicious meal for us。

(五).基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整.
1. They painted the door green.
2.They found the house deserted.
3. What makes him think so？
4. We saw him out.
5. He asked me to come back soon.
6. I saw them getting on the bus at that time.
常见的接双宾语的动词有：appoint(任命)，believe(相信)，call(称) catch( 发现)elect( 选举),feel(感到),find（发现）,like（希望）,hear（听到）,keep（保持）,leave（听任）,discover （发现）,make（使）,need（需要）,prefer（宁愿）,prove（证明）,see（看见）,warn（警告）等等。

注意事项：
keep, get, find, set, push, turn, wish等常接形容词作宾补.例如：
The sun keeps us warm.
choose, elect，call, name，make等常接名词短语作宾补。

例如：They choose Mr. Smith chairman。

Keep, find，leave，watch，feel，smell，see等常接现在分词作宾补.例如：He kept me waiting。

Watch, have，let，make，see，notice，observe，feel等常接动词不定式作宾补。

例如：I watched him enter the shop。

Have, get，hear，make，want等常接过去分词作宾补。

例如：Where did you have them printed？
介词短语也可以作宾补.例如：You may leave the child in my care。

【真题演练】
1.A quarrel ____last Sunday, and he ____ his family.
A. was broken out; broke away
B. broke out ;broke away
C. was broke out; broke away from
D. broke out; broke away from
【解析】：选D．break out 不及物动词短语，A、C 形式错误，根据语境可选出D。

2.We ____communism and firmly _____ that communist will surely be realized throughout the world.
A. believe; believe
B. believe in; believe in C .believe ;believe in D. believe in；believe
【解析】：选D．前一空为“信仰，信奉”，后一空为“相信”。

第一空必须又介词in，否侧意义错误。

3. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ___, but we really don’t want him to smell ___.
A. well, well
B. badly, badly
C. well, bad
D. badly, bad
【解析】：选D．前半句smells是不及物动词，badly修饰smells，而后半句smell与bad是系表结构。

4. These oranges taste _____.
A. good
B. well
C. to be good D .to be well
【解析】：选A．taste为系动词，应用形容词（加以修饰）做表语。

5.Do you think we can ____Class Three in the basketball match this evening ?
A. win
B. beat
C. hit
D. get
【解析】：选B．beat+对手，win+活动。

Beat class three 及物动词beat的宾语为对手Class +three
6.They apologized for not being able to _____.
A．offer us tea B. offer tea us C. offering us tea D. offered tea
【解析】：选A．offer sb sth。

主动提供某人某物。

Offer后可跟双宾语，相当于offer sth to sb。

7.They’ve ____ us $150,000 for the house, Shall we take it ?
A. provided
B. supplied
C. shown
D. offered
【解析】：选.D．A、B 两项后不能接双宾语，C项与句意不符，故选D。

8.There comes a woman ____herself Joan ,you know her .
A. calling
B. called
C. who he calls D .is calling
【解析】：选. A．现在分词作后置定语，意为“自称是------的人”。

9.If anyone happens to drop in while I am out , ____him or her leave a message.
A .have B. get C .ask D. tell
【解析】：选A．have sb do sth，B、C、Ｄ后都应跟动词不定式的复合结构，即get/ask/tell sb to do.
10 Her talent and experience ____ her to the respect of her colleagues.
A. permitted B .qualified C. deserved D. entitled
【解析】：选D. permit“允许“，（1）后加名/代、动名词；（2）后加宾语+to do sth；qualify“（使）具有资格，给（人）某种权利”。

其搭配式qualify sb. for/as sth.; deserve“应受（奖励等），值得”，后直接加宾语；entitle“给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利”，其常用搭配式entitle sb
并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。

常用的并列连词有：and ,but ,or ,so ,yet ,for ,either---or--- , not only---but also---, neither---nor等等。

The car broke down , so we had to find a telephone .汽车出故障了，我们得找电话。

You can wait here and I’ll come back soon.你可以在这里等着，我很快就回来。

Not only had the poor man been arrested , but he had been sent to prison as well . 这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且还被送进了监狱。

注意事项：
标点符号的正确使用（句号，逗号与分号在连接句子上的差异）：
句号在英文中主要是连接一个完整的句子。

I have been there many times .
逗号则是连接一个句子内部的并列成分：I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen. a small, fancy bike.
也用于连接两个较长的独立子句，而且每个句子的主语不同(常常会有并列连词and, or, but, so, for)，如The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.
分号用来分隔地位平等的独立子句.分号常常与句子的连接副词(therefore, however, thus 等)一起使用.如I realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it.
中国学生常误用下面的句子: It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.【误】
（原因：上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语，而且逗点前后的句子是完整的-----单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思。

因此，用逗号违反了英文规定，即一个句子只能有一套主干。

）看看下面的句子：
It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.
It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.
It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.
They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.
It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.
But however yet still 的区别：
具有明显的对比转折之意，为并列连词；however对比，转折意稍弱，且为副词。

But 用于分句之首，且其后无符号隔开，而however位置比较灵活，可置于分句之首，之中或之尾，且however之后常有逗号。

My name is Robert, but most of my friends call me Bob for short.
He said that it was so; he was mistaken , however.
除表示“依”然用于句中外，还可表示“尽管如此，依然”，为副词，前用分号。

He has treated you badly ; still , he’s your brother and you ou ght to help him .
She was tired ; still she kept working .
Yet可代替but 但语气较生硬。

Yet 可与and 连用，but 却不可。

Yet可与though对应使用，but却不可。

He worked hard ，yet（but）he failed。

It is strange ，yet（but）it is true。

The book is not thick，and yet it’s hard to read.
Though /although he was ill, yet he managed to come .
并列连词so不可与从属连词because连用。

【正】I couldn’t find my pen , so I wrote in pencil.
【误】Because I couldn’t find my pen , so I wrote in pencil。

And 和or 连接祈使句和陈述句。

祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果。

有时祈使句部分可用名词短语构成。

Work hard ,and you’ll succeed.=If you work hard ,you’ll succeed.
For可作并列连词，表示原因。

它与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用，其前常有逗号将前后两部分隔开。

It must have rained last night , for the ground is wet.
Because 也可以表示原因，但它是从属连词，它引导从句可以放于句首或句末，而for 与后面的分句只能放于前一分句的后面。

Because 从句讲述的往往是直接原因，可用于回答why 引起的问句，而for 则不可。

While ，并列连词，用以表示对比或相反的情况，意为“而，却”。

I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
【真题演练】
I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since
B while
C when
D as
【解析】本句句意为：几乎每间家务事都是我做，而我丈夫Bob只是偶尔洗洗盘子而已。

显然空白处应填入一词意为“而，却”表示前后意义的对比，只有B项while符合要求。

复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，叫复合句。

主句和从句都具有完成的主语和谓语。

从句常有连词引导，起到修饰，说明主句的作用，不能独立存在。

根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可以分为宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句和状语从句。

前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，统称为名词性从句。

连接主句和从句的关连词有以下几类：
1.从属连词
That (无意义)， before(在------之前)，whether(是否),after(在------之后)，if(假如，是否)，since
（既然，自从），although（虽然），as soon as （一------就）because（因为），as（so）long as （只要），when（当------时候）
2.连接词：
连接代词:whose，whom，which，what; 连接副词when，why ，where ，how.
3关系词：
关系代词：who，whom，whose，which ，that关系副词when ，why ，where
各种例句：
What he said has proved right . (主语从句)
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.（宾语从句）
That's why I want you to work there. （表语从句）
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.( 同位语从句)
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.（定语从句）
Where I live there are plenty of trees.（状语从句）
【真题演练】
1.The artist was born poor, ___he remained all his life.
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. so.
【解析】：选A. 考查几个常见连词的意义。

前半句说“他出身贫苦”，后半句“他一生清贫”，因此可以判定两个分句之间是顺承关系，所以用并列连词and ,B项or表选择关系“或者”；C 项表转折关系；D项表因果关系。

2.The companies are working together to create ___they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2018 北京卷30题)
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
【解析】：选C. 考查名词性从句。

从create一词可判断本句为宾语从句。

在从句中they hope 为干扰因素，它在句子中视为插入语，这样就很容易看出从句没有主语，故B项错。

A项which 后面一般需要加名词，如which room you live in ;D项who指代人。

3. It is often said that the joy of traveling is __ in arriving at your destination __ in the journey itself.
A. 不填；but
B. 不填；or
C. not; or
D. not; but
【解析】：选D. 考查常用句型。

Not----but----“不是------而是------”，接平行结构。

意为“人们常说，旅行的乐趣不在到达目的地，而在旅行过程本身。

”
4. I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
A. but
B. or
C. so
D. for
【解析】：选A. I thought we’d be late 可知这里是表示“原以为------”，因此后面紧接着应该有“但是”的转折含义，故此处选but。

其他三项不能表达这种转折意思。

5. I could do the work tonight ,____I could get up early in the tomorrow morning to do it.
A. or
B. so
C. and
D. but
【解析】：选A。

or连接前后两种选择，“或者今晚做，或者明天早点起床做。

”
6. ---Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---I’d like to ,____I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
【解析】：选D.本题考查怎样谢绝对方的邀请。

I’d like to (我很愿意)。

这一回答语言得体，后面又以“只是我太忙”为谢绝理由，用连词but转折，既使对方明白了自己拒绝的理由，也让对方领略了自己的感激的心情。

7. It’s reasonable ____it’s true.
A. so
B. therefore
C. and but
D. and yet
【解析】：选D. D项连接两个并列句子，相当于but。

8. He has a good job , ____he never thinks he has enough money.
A. yet
B. however C otherwise D. therefore
【解析】：选A. yet可代替but，表转折；however虽然也可以表示“然而”，但它是副词，不能连接两个句子。

9. Because he studies hard and is very diligent, _____there is no doubt about his passing the exam.
A. so
B.不填 C as D. so that
【解析】：选B. because---so是汉语说法，不符合英语习惯，不能同时使用。

10. ----The paint on the equipment _____has to dry for another two days.
----Yes. I doubt if the painters have read the direction_____.
A. also still B yet; ready C. still; yet D. even; yet
【解析】：选C .already通常用于肯定句，放在句中，yet常用于否定句和疑问句，放在句尾；still用与肯定句和疑问句，位于句中或句尾。