2013高考英语 任务型阅读真题特色题型分类讲解

2013高考英语真题特色题型详解―任务型阅读
一、(2013安徽卷)
第一节任务型读写〔共10小题；每一小题1分，总分为10分〕
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity〞. In other words, whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you’ve got to move forward. We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):
Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.〞
Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: all may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(参与者)followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.
The editors of forbes. Com gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit.
Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved
attitude.
Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.
76.【答案】looking/searching/seeking
【解析】根据“In other words, whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you’ve got to move forward(换言之，无论你是追求终生
的满足还是片刻的愉悦，你都得继续前行。

).〞得出答案。

本文主要讲述探索幸福的
问题。

77.【答案】forward/ahead/on
【解析】根据“you’ve got to move forward.〞得出答案。

78.【答案】happiness
【解析】根据“We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情)( 我们咨询了有关专家，得到了通往阳光心情的五个步骤。

) 〞得出答案。

79.【答案】steps
【解析】同上文解析。

80.【答案】greatest
【解析】根据“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships. (最高等级的幸福感源自于最稳定、最长久、最满意的关
系。

) 〞得出答案。

81.【答案】express
【解析】根据“…reported feeling happier when they were more outgo ing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn. (报告显示当他们更外向的时候感觉更幸福，而当他们
矜持或孤僻的时候如此感觉不那么幸福。

),〞与右栏的描述，可知这些活动就是充分地
表达自我。

82.【答案】sharing
【解析】根据“Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves(那些分享了财富的人比只给自己花钱的
人感觉幸福得多。

).〞与下文“that it’s not how much money you spend, but how
you spend it, that inspires the spirit(这说明提振精神不在于花了多少钱，而在
于怎样花钱)〞可知和别人分享幸福可以让自己感到兴奋，故填sharing。

83.【答案】focus/concentrate
【解析】根据倒数第二段的阐述“宾夕法尼亚大学积极心理学中心的研究明确，沮丧的人每天记下三件亲历的好事且坚持六个月，其人生观会有改善。

〞可以推断把注意力集中在好的
事情上就能改变人的态度。

84.【答案】feeling/mood/sense
【解析】根据最后一段的阐述“喝水真的可以帮助你保持轻松愉快。

2012年康涅狄格大学的一项小型研究明确，哪怕轻微的脱水也会破坏女性受访者的情绪。

〞可以得到答案：女性吸
收足量的水分，她的幸福感就会保持。

85.【答案】these/those
【解析】指代上文所说的建议：Value Your Relationships珍惜亲密关系、Express Yourself 表达自我、Spend Money on Others为别人花钱、Focus on the Positive专注于积极事
物以与drink water喝水。

二、(2013湖南卷)
Part III Reading Comprehension (30 marks)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. Part IV Writing (45 marks)
Section A (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
While there is no widely accepted definition of MOOCs, their key features are open access：they are currently free to participants, no entry qualifications are required, they support an unlimited number of participants and as yet, very few include any form of accreditation (认证).
Currently offered by some famous universities, MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial resources to meet the growing costs of university education, or who do not have formal qualifications. They also allow participants to study at their own pace.
The potential for MOOCs to deliver education is obviously vast—they could be considered as a huge step forwards in widening participation. They also have the potential to provide a unique window on universities that offer popular and valuable courses, they may attract some participants to register for formal fee-paying programmes at the same or other universities and are likely to promote new ways of on-line education.
However, it is still very early days for MOOCs. The quality of the education provision is highly variable, with many courses offering only recordings of lectures, and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields that require practical classes, research projects or extensive library access. Besides, wider engagement with participants requires
very considerable resource. Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.
Considering the challenges, some people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate (蒸发). But they certainly provide good opportunity for widening higher education, are a means of raising awareness of universities to audiences of tens or hundreds of thousands, and are well worthy of serious consideration.
requirement, 另外注意否认词不能丢，所以答案为no requirement。

73.信息转换题。

根据第二段中“MOOCs are attractive to people who do not have the financial
resources to meet the growing costs of university education〞可知“MOOCs对于经济上
无法负担得起大学教育日益增长的费用的人们很有吸引力〞，由此推出答案“负担不起〞。

74.信息转换题。

根据第二段中“or who do not have formal qualifications〞进展转换，将“do not … formal qualifications〞转换成“no formal qualifications〞。

75.段落大意题。

其实就是信息转换题。

通过第三段段首的核心名词potential得出答案Potentials
〔注意使用复数〕。

76.信息转换题。

根据第三段中“They also have the potential to provide a unique window on
universities that offer popular and valuable courses〞可得知答案。

由空格的并列项可知空格处应填动名词，所以需要将provide转换为providing。

77.段落大意题。

其实就是信息查找题。

根据最后一段首句中“Considering the challenges, some
people argue MOOCs will soon evaporate(蒸发)〞可知这是个承上启下的句子，可以推出第四段的段落大意为Considering the challenges中的Challenges。

78.信息转换题。

根据第四段中“and delivery is particularly difficult in some special fields
that require practical classes〞可以找到答案。

句中表达的是“delivery is particularly difficult〞，但是由于字数限制需要将其改为particularly difficult delivery。

79.信息转换题。

根据第五段中“Considering the challenges, some people argue MOOCs will soon
evaporate (蒸发)〞可以得到答案。

结合后面的并列项，可知需要将evaporate改为动名词形式evaporating。

80.信息转换题。

根据第五段中“and are well worthy of serious consideration〞可以得到答
案。

由于be worth后需加doing，所以需要将consideration改为其动名词形式considering。

三、(2013江苏卷)
第四局部任务型阅读(共10小题;每一小题1分,总分为10分) 请认真阅读如下短文,并根据所读内
容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。

注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things
running as they should.. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences
managers’evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and
spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述的是：通常来说，尽职尽责是一个很大的优点：工作认真负责，守时自律，肯帮助别人等；但是同时也有它的缺点：如障碍创造性，对同事要求严格而影响同事间的关系等。

71.【答案】strict
【解析】信息归纳题。

第一段讲述的是尽职尽责的人的特点：工作认真负责，守时自律，一丝不苟等说明他们对自己要求严格。

固定搭配“be strict with〞。

72.【答案】helpful/good
【解析】信息查找或转换题。

根据“It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people…〞说明尽职尽责的人对待他人是“helpful/good〞的。

73.【答案】Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance
【解析】信息归纳题。

74,75,76题填出答案后，本空的答案也就显现出来：尽职尽责的好处重要性。

与上面的“Features of conscientiousness〞也相匹配。

74.【答案】running/working/going/operating/functioning
【解析】信息查找或转换题。

由首段中“the people who keep things running as they should.〞直接得到答案。

75.【答案】performance(s)
【解析】信息查找题。

直接从“In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs,〞中得到答案。

76.【答案】fired/dismissed/jobless
【解析】信息转换题。

根据“Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market〞可知他们不容易失去工作。

将“job loss〞进展同义转化。

77.【答案】problems/troubles
【解析】信息查找题或转换题。

根据第五段第一句话“But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.〞可以直接得到答案，也可以进展同义转换。

78.【答案】higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced
【解析】信息查找题或转换题。

从“giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.〞可以直接得到答案，也可以进展同义转换。

79.【答案】tense/damaged/poor/bad
【解析】信息归纳题。

从“s o be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior.... tended to criticize co-workers〞可知尽职尽责的
人对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张。

80.【答案】discourage/affect/damage
【解析】信息查找题或转换题。

从第六段中“it can discourage creativity.〞可以直接得到答案，也可以进展同义转换。