哈里伯顿-水平井增产措施-SurgiFrac Presentation- 中文
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An important consequence of this Bernoulli equation is the experimental observation made by Bernoulli that the pressure in a flowing liquid is least where the speed of flow is greatest. 伯努利方程的一种重要结论就是伯努利通过实验观察得出流动速度最快
Kinetic & Potential Energy 动力学-潜在能量
Furthermore, Bernoulli assumed that provided the liquid was ideal and incompressible, then at any two points along a tube, the sum of these three forms of energy is constant. Mathematically, we can state this as, 此外，伯努利假定液体是理想的不可压缩的，在油管的任两点三种形式 的能量是不变的。从数学角度看我们可以把它看作，
Barnett Shale Horizontal - Map View
巴尼特页岩水平线-地图
200 0
-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400
stage1 stage2 stage3 stage4 stage5 stage6 stage7 stage8 stage9 stage10 stage11 stage12 stage13 stage14 stage15 stage16 stage17 stage18 stage19 stage20
Jet Stream Divergence and Full Returns 喷流散度和无漏失回流
10 “
Penetration vs TimeFull Returns射孔－时间 无漏失回流
SPE – August,1960
Threshold Erosion Velocities SPE—1960年八月 冲蚀速度
作流程 • Case Histories – Proof that it works—实例-证明其作
用 • Questions—问题
Typical Implementations典型实施
ooo
ooo
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ooo
ooo ooo
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σ Hm in
High-Rate Uncemented Liner —高流量未固井的尾管 (Ported Sub - Limited Entry)
Dominant Transverse Frac 主要横向裂缝
Short, Longitudinal Fracs 短纵向裂缝
High-Rate Waterfracs -- Open Hole 高速水力压裂—裸眼井
stage10
stage11
stage12
stage13
stage14
stage15
stage16
stage17
stage18
stage19
stage20
8100
Deptj (ft)
8300 8500
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
• High Concentration of Proppant at the Perforations 高度集中的射 孔孔道
• Reduced Proppant Flowback 减 小的支撑剂回流
Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel 射孔中喷流图示
Distance along wellbore (ft)
Cemented Liner 固井的尾管
• Run Liner 下尾管 • Cement Liner 固井尾管 • TCP Perforate TCP射孔 • Frac 压裂 • Bridge Plug 桥塞 • Repeat perforate-frac-BP 重复
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
Time
15:00
16:00
17:00
0
18:00
7/10/2003
Creation of Longitudinal and Dominant
Transverse Fractures 径度增长和显性横向压裂
Multiple holes 多眼
10 diam
2 holes 2 holes 2 holes 1 hole 4 diam 2 diam 1 diam
A Annulus Pressure (psi) 3000
A Slurry Rate (bpm)
C Flowback Rate (bpm)
CC 40
35 2500
30
2000
0.98 psi/ft
25
1500
20
1000
0.72 psi/ft
15
10
500 5
0
09:00
7/10/2003
10:00
API 906-5-N
March 1960
LSaubrgoirFaRRrtaooocrycc分Ekk段vJiJd压eeent裂ttctee实eddo验fUUF室rssa数iicnnt据uggrinttghhueesiFFngaann--TTyyppee JJeettttiinngg TTooooll
横向液压压裂（与井眼垂直）
Frac BH Pressure Behavior—压裂BH压力性能
Conventional Frac Initiation Pressure Response 常规压裂初始压力反应
Wellbore Pressure 井眼压力
SurgiFrac Wellbore Pressure Response 分段压裂井眼压力反应 Pump Rate 泵级 Prop Conc.
• Bernoulli effect maintains fracture entry point to have the lowest pressure in the well bore 伯努利作用保持住压裂入 口点以在最低压力井眼
• Annular flow supplements frac growth 环空增大流量加大裂 缝增长
Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel with Induced Fracture 水力压裂诱导的裂缝喷流射孔 图解
6 ft
Jetting into a Fracture
Penetration 孔道长度 (Erosion)冲蚀 Distance 距离 Full,全部Partial, 部分& No Returns 无回返
This is What You Want这是你想要的
Idealistic Concept of Result for Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures (Along Wellbore Axis) 纵向液压压裂结果的理想概念（井眼轴同平行）
Idealistic Concept of Result for Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (Perpendicular to Wellbore)横向液压压裂结
射孔－压裂－桥塞 • Drill-out BP’s 钻桥塞 • Produce Well 投产
SurgiFrac Mechanics外部压裂力学
Tubing Rate (a function of # of Jets) 油管级别
Annulus Rate 环空速度
(a function of Leakoff)
的地方流体压力最小。
Velocity & Pressure 速率-压力
To summarize Bernoulli‘s equation, which applies to liquids and gases, we can state that where the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low and where the velocity is low, the pressure is high. 总结针对液体和气体的伯努利方 程，我们可得出流体速度快的地方压力低，流体速度慢的地 方压力高。
ooo oo ooo
oo o oo oo
ooo
ooo
oo oo
ooo
ooo
oo o o oo ooo o
oo o o oo oo o
oo o o oo oo o
Multiple fracs in pre-perfed liner
Multiple fracs in openhole
Multi-Lateral
果的理想概念（与井眼垂直）
Most Common Result for Openhole Hydraulic Fracturing—最常用裸眼井液压压 裂
Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures (Along Wellbore Axis)
纵向液压压裂（与井眼轴同步）
Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (Perpendicular to Wellbore)
Time 时间
Six SurgiFrac Waterfracs performed consecutively for an Openhole Chart horizontal well bore—裸眼井水平井眼六种连续外部水力压裂
(psi) (bpm)
Annulus Pressure, Tubing Rate, & Annulus Rate
All Stages
-1600
South-North (ft) -200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
-1800
-2000
-2200
-2400
West-Eas Horizontal - Side View
Hydra-Jet Perforating 液压喷射射孔
Hydra-Jetting Perforations 射流射孔
• Eroded Perf Tunnels 受冲蚀射孔 隧道
• Reduced Near-Wellbore Fracture Entry Issues 减小的井眼附近的 裂缝入口
• Stagnation pressure plus annulus pressure creates the fracture 稳定的地面压力加环空压力产生裂缝
• Boost pressure plus annulus pressure extends the fracture 增压加环空压力增大裂缝
5700
5900
6100
6300
6500
6700
6900
7100
7300
7500 7700 7900
Upper Barnett Lower Barnett
巴尼特页岩水平线- 侧视图
stage1
stage2
stage3
stage4 stage5
All Stages
stage6
stage7
stage8
stage9
SurgiFracSM
(Surgical Fracturing外科手术一样的压裂)
外部压裂
Horizontal Well Stimulation
水平井增产措施
Outline
• What is Surgifrac? —什么是Surgifrac ？ • Challenges of Horizontal fracturing—水平压裂的挑战 • Overview of Technology - How it works—技术概述-工
CASING
RADIAL SLOT
23
FRACTURE
SurgiFrac Concept – Phase 6 分段压裂概
念-第六阶段
Annular fluid continues to be
“pulled” into
cavity by jet
Fracture continues to
extend
Highest pressure location
60 ft 50,000 HHP
Bernoulli’s equation: v2/2 + p/ = C
6,500 psi
7,000 psi
How SurgiFrac Works...外部压裂工作流程
• Jet places perforation tunnels in the frac plane 射流将射孔 隧道置于压裂平面
Kinetic & Potential Energy 动力学-潜在能量
Furthermore, Bernoulli assumed that provided the liquid was ideal and incompressible, then at any two points along a tube, the sum of these three forms of energy is constant. Mathematically, we can state this as, 此外，伯努利假定液体是理想的不可压缩的，在油管的任两点三种形式 的能量是不变的。从数学角度看我们可以把它看作，
Barnett Shale Horizontal - Map View
巴尼特页岩水平线-地图
200 0
-200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400
stage1 stage2 stage3 stage4 stage5 stage6 stage7 stage8 stage9 stage10 stage11 stage12 stage13 stage14 stage15 stage16 stage17 stage18 stage19 stage20
Jet Stream Divergence and Full Returns 喷流散度和无漏失回流
10 “
Penetration vs TimeFull Returns射孔－时间 无漏失回流
SPE – August,1960
Threshold Erosion Velocities SPE—1960年八月 冲蚀速度
作流程 • Case Histories – Proof that it works—实例-证明其作
用 • Questions—问题
Typical Implementations典型实施
ooo
ooo
oooo o oooo o
ooo
ooo
ooo ooo
oo ooo
oo ooo
oo ooo
oo ooo
σ Hm in
High-Rate Uncemented Liner —高流量未固井的尾管 (Ported Sub - Limited Entry)
Dominant Transverse Frac 主要横向裂缝
Short, Longitudinal Fracs 短纵向裂缝
High-Rate Waterfracs -- Open Hole 高速水力压裂—裸眼井
stage10
stage11
stage12
stage13
stage14
stage15
stage16
stage17
stage18
stage19
stage20
8100
Deptj (ft)
8300 8500
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
• High Concentration of Proppant at the Perforations 高度集中的射 孔孔道
• Reduced Proppant Flowback 减 小的支撑剂回流
Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel 射孔中喷流图示
Distance along wellbore (ft)
Cemented Liner 固井的尾管
• Run Liner 下尾管 • Cement Liner 固井尾管 • TCP Perforate TCP射孔 • Frac 压裂 • Bridge Plug 桥塞 • Repeat perforate-frac-BP 重复
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
Time
15:00
16:00
17:00
0
18:00
7/10/2003
Creation of Longitudinal and Dominant
Transverse Fractures 径度增长和显性横向压裂
Multiple holes 多眼
10 diam
2 holes 2 holes 2 holes 1 hole 4 diam 2 diam 1 diam
A Annulus Pressure (psi) 3000
A Slurry Rate (bpm)
C Flowback Rate (bpm)
CC 40
35 2500
30
2000
0.98 psi/ft
25
1500
20
1000
0.72 psi/ft
15
10
500 5
0
09:00
7/10/2003
10:00
API 906-5-N
March 1960
LSaubrgoirFaRRrtaooocrycc分Ekk段vJiJd压eeent裂ttctee实eddo验fUUF室rssa数iicnnt据uggrinttghhueesiFFngaann--TTyyppee JJeettttiinngg TTooooll
横向液压压裂（与井眼垂直）
Frac BH Pressure Behavior—压裂BH压力性能
Conventional Frac Initiation Pressure Response 常规压裂初始压力反应
Wellbore Pressure 井眼压力
SurgiFrac Wellbore Pressure Response 分段压裂井眼压力反应 Pump Rate 泵级 Prop Conc.
• Bernoulli effect maintains fracture entry point to have the lowest pressure in the well bore 伯努利作用保持住压裂入 口点以在最低压力井眼
• Annular flow supplements frac growth 环空增大流量加大裂 缝增长
Schematic of Jet Stream in a Hydra-jetted Perforation Tunnel with Induced Fracture 水力压裂诱导的裂缝喷流射孔 图解
6 ft
Jetting into a Fracture
Penetration 孔道长度 (Erosion)冲蚀 Distance 距离 Full,全部Partial, 部分& No Returns 无回返
This is What You Want这是你想要的
Idealistic Concept of Result for Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures (Along Wellbore Axis) 纵向液压压裂结果的理想概念（井眼轴同平行）
Idealistic Concept of Result for Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (Perpendicular to Wellbore)横向液压压裂结
射孔－压裂－桥塞 • Drill-out BP’s 钻桥塞 • Produce Well 投产
SurgiFrac Mechanics外部压裂力学
Tubing Rate (a function of # of Jets) 油管级别
Annulus Rate 环空速度
(a function of Leakoff)
的地方流体压力最小。
Velocity & Pressure 速率-压力
To summarize Bernoulli‘s equation, which applies to liquids and gases, we can state that where the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low and where the velocity is low, the pressure is high. 总结针对液体和气体的伯努利方 程，我们可得出流体速度快的地方压力低，流体速度慢的地 方压力高。
ooo oo ooo
oo o oo oo
ooo
ooo
oo oo
ooo
ooo
oo o o oo ooo o
oo o o oo oo o
oo o o oo oo o
Multiple fracs in pre-perfed liner
Multiple fracs in openhole
Multi-Lateral
果的理想概念（与井眼垂直）
Most Common Result for Openhole Hydraulic Fracturing—最常用裸眼井液压压 裂
Longitudinal Hydraulic Fractures (Along Wellbore Axis)
纵向液压压裂（与井眼轴同步）
Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (Perpendicular to Wellbore)
Time 时间
Six SurgiFrac Waterfracs performed consecutively for an Openhole Chart horizontal well bore—裸眼井水平井眼六种连续外部水力压裂
(psi) (bpm)
Annulus Pressure, Tubing Rate, & Annulus Rate
All Stages
-1600
South-North (ft) -200
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
-1800
-2000
-2200
-2400
West-Eas Horizontal - Side View
Hydra-Jet Perforating 液压喷射射孔
Hydra-Jetting Perforations 射流射孔
• Eroded Perf Tunnels 受冲蚀射孔 隧道
• Reduced Near-Wellbore Fracture Entry Issues 减小的井眼附近的 裂缝入口
• Stagnation pressure plus annulus pressure creates the fracture 稳定的地面压力加环空压力产生裂缝
• Boost pressure plus annulus pressure extends the fracture 增压加环空压力增大裂缝
5700
5900
6100
6300
6500
6700
6900
7100
7300
7500 7700 7900
Upper Barnett Lower Barnett
巴尼特页岩水平线- 侧视图
stage1
stage2
stage3
stage4 stage5
All Stages
stage6
stage7
stage8
stage9
SurgiFracSM
(Surgical Fracturing外科手术一样的压裂)
外部压裂
Horizontal Well Stimulation
水平井增产措施
Outline
• What is Surgifrac? —什么是Surgifrac ？ • Challenges of Horizontal fracturing—水平压裂的挑战 • Overview of Technology - How it works—技术概述-工
CASING
RADIAL SLOT
23
FRACTURE
SurgiFrac Concept – Phase 6 分段压裂概
念-第六阶段
Annular fluid continues to be
“pulled” into
cavity by jet
Fracture continues to
extend
Highest pressure location
60 ft 50,000 HHP
Bernoulli’s equation: v2/2 + p/ = C
6,500 psi
7,000 psi
How SurgiFrac Works...外部压裂工作流程
• Jet places perforation tunnels in the frac plane 射流将射孔 隧道置于压裂平面