2017机械学科专业英语--1

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主讲人: 王向峰
Email: xfwang@
办公室：机械北楼502室
2017 年2月20 日
Reference
◆ 1. 任胜利. 英语科技论文撰写与投稿(书)
◆ 2. 马新亮. Smart Writing
◆ 3. 李婴. 英文论文写作及投稿技巧讲座
◆ 4. 马兰. Figure it early, Figure it right & Figure it out
◆ 5. Lambers H.Preparing your results for publication
◆ 6. Cook N J.Preparation, submission and publishing of scientific
manuscripts in international journals
◆7. /bbs/post/page?bid=45&sty=1&age=0
Course Schedule
◆2/20 Lecture Two (Journals & Digital libraries)
◆2/27 Lecture Three (Scientific writing I)
◆3/06 Lecture Four (Scientific writing II)
◆3/13 Lecture Five (Submission and revision)
◆3/20 Lecture Six (Cover Letter & Personal Statement)
◆3/27 Lecture Seven (How to give a good presentation I: lecture)◆4/03 Lecture Eight (How to give a good presentation II: practice)◆4/10 Lecture Nine (Examination)
Student Presentations
4●9 minutes presentation in English
●8 minutes talk, 1 minute questions
● 5 students have the opportunities to
practice.
●Speakers get extra points.
●Topics can be your own research project
(recommended) or something you are
interested in.
Need volunteers, please send email to
me with your name: xfwang@
Examinations
Final examination (70%), Homework and attendance (30%)
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Lecture One
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
Homework # 1
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1. Find one or two papers, translate the abstract into Chinese. The papers have
to be written by native English speakers with an impact factor larger than 1. The
paper has to be published on a top journal during the last five years . It is better
to use papers which relate to your research area.
2. Summarize at least 100 key technical words from the papers and translate
them into Chinese.
3. Summarize at least 50 useful words (NON-technical words)or phrases(no
translation) For example, It has been pointed out by, establish, investigate, etc
4. Read the introduction section, summarize what the problem is and what is the
proposed approach in the paper. (in Chinese)
Note: if you cannot find enough words (100 technical words & 50 often used
non-technical words), you may use more papers (No need to translate the
abstract).
◆ Due date:02/27 (Late homework will NOT be accepted)
◆ Submission: print out the first page of the journal papers, your translation
and summaries. Email submission is NOT acceptable.
What is mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.
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What is mechanical engineering
The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics , kinematics ,
thermodynamics , materials science , and structural
analysis . Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze
manufacturing plants , industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems , transport systems, aircraft , watercraft , robotics , medical devices and more.
What is mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology.
What is mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, building services engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering to varying amounts.
Subdisciplines
The field of mechanical engineering can be thought of as a collection of many mechanical engineering science disciplines. Several of these subdisciplines which are typically taught at the undergraduate level are listed below, with a brief explanation and the most common application of each. Some of these subdisciplines are unique to mechanical engineering, while others are a combination of mechanical engineering and one or more other disciplines.
Subdisciplines-Mechanics
Mechanics is, in the most general sense, the study of forces and their effect upon matter. Typically, engineering mechanics is used to analyze and predict the acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known forces (also called loads) or stresses.
Subdisciplines -Mechatronics and robotics
Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and software engineering that is concerned with integrating electrical and mechanical engineering to create hybrid systems. In this way, machines can be automated through the use of electric motors, servo-mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software.
Subdisciplines-Structural analysis
◆Structural analysis is the branch of mechanical engineering (and also civil engineering) devoted to examining why and how objects fail and to fix the objects and their performance. Structural failures occur in two general modes: static failure, and fatigue failure.
◆Non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E)
Subdisciplines -Structural analysis
Static structural failure occurs when, upon being loaded (having a force applied) the object being analyzed either breaks or is deformed plastically, depending on the criterion for failure. Fatigue failure occurs when an object fails after a number of repeated loading and unloading cycles. Fatigue failure occurs because of imperfections in the object: a microscopic crack on the surface of the object, for instance, will grow slightly with each cycle (propagation) until the crack is large enough to cause ultimate failure.
Subdisciplines -Thermodynamics and
Thermo-science Thermodynamics is an applied science used in several branches of engineering, including mechanical and chemical engineering. At its simplest, thermodynamics is the study of energy, its use and transformation through a system. Typically, engineering thermodynamics is concerned with changing energy from one form to another. As an example, automotive engines convert chemical energy from the fuel into heat, and then into mechanical work that eventually turns the wheels.
Drafting or technical drawing is the means by which mechanical engineers design products and create instructions for manufacturing parts. A technical drawing can be a computer model or hand-drawn schematic showing all the dimensions necessary to manufacture a part, as well as assembly notes, a list of required materials, and other pertinent information. Mechanical engineer or skilled worker who creates technical drawings may be referred to as a drafter or draftsman. Drafting has historically been a two-dimensional process, but computer-aided design(CAD) programs now allow the designer to create in three dimensions.
Drafting is used in nearly every
subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, and by many other branches of engineering and architecture. Three-dimensional models created using CAD software are also commonly used in finite element analysis(FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Frontiers of research-Micro electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS)
Micron-scale mechanical components such as springs, gears, fluidic and heat transfer devices are fabricated from a variety of substrate materials such as silicon, glass and polymers. Examples of MEMS components are the accelerometers that are used as car airbag sensors, modern cell phones, gyroscopes for precise positioning and microfluidic devices used in biomedical applications.
DMD Chip
21 DMD （Digital Micro-mirror Device ，数字微镜元件）是由美国德州仪器公司（TI ）开发的一种极小的反射镜阵列，这些微镜皆悬浮着并可向两侧倾斜 12°，从而可构成启通和断开两种工作状态。

DMD 最多可内置2048×1152个微镜阵列，每个元件约可产生230万个镜面，可以提供1670万种颜色和256段灰度层次，广泛应用于投影机中。

Frontiers of research -Mechatronics
Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of mechanical engineering, Electronic Engineering, and software engineering. The purpose of this interdisciplinary engineering field is the study of automation from an engineering perspective and serves the purposes of controlling advanced hybrid systems.
Frontiers of research-Nanotechnology
◆At the smallest scales, mechanical engineering becomes nanotechnology —one speculative goal of which is to create a molecular assembler to build molecules and materials via mechanosynthesis. For now that goal remains within exploratory engineering.
◆Molecular assembler, a machine that can produce
a desired structure or device atom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis
Nano Robot
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Frontiers of research -Biomechanics ◆Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells.
◆Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyse biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics
and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many
biological systems.
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◆Robotic
◆Lobby ◆Autonomous
◆Fleet
◆Blemish
◆Unblemished
◆Traverse
◆Fame
◆Hairpin
◆Hairpin Turn
◆Override
◆Cruise Control System ◆Designate
◆机器人的◆n 大厅，v 游说
◆自动的，自主的，自治的◆车队，机群◆V 玷污n 污点◆无污点的◆横越，穿越◆使闻名，使有名望n 名望◆发夹◆急转弯◆临时取代自动控制◆巡航控制系统
◆指定
The Google driverless car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars.
The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View.
◆Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense.
◆The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
◆Lobbied by Google, the Nevada Legislature passed a law in June 2011 to authorize the use of autonomous vehicles. Nevada became the first state where driverless vehicles can be legally operated on public roads.
◆The Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles is now responsible for setting safety and performance standards and for designating areas where driverless cars may be tested.
The system combines information gathered from Google Street View with artificial intelligence software that combines input from video cameras inside the car, a LIDAR sensor on top of the vehicle, radar sensors on the front of the vehicle and a position sensor attached to one of the rear wheels that helps locate the car’s position on the map.
◆As of 2010, Google has tested several vehicles equipped with the system, driving 1,609 kilometres (1,000 mi) without any human intervention, in addition to 225,308 kilometres (140,000 mi) with occasional human intervention.
◆Google anticipates that the increased accuracy of its automated driving system could help reduce the number of traffic-related injuries and deaths, while using energy and space on roadways more efficiently.
◆The project team has equipped a test fleet of seven vehicles, consisting of six Toyota Prius and an Audi TT, each accompanied in the driver’s seat by one of a dozen drivers with unblemished driving records and in the passenger seat by one of Google’s engineers.
◆The car has traversed San Francisco’s Lombard Street, famed for its steep hairpin turns and through city traffic.
◆The vehicles have driven over the Golden Gate Bridge and on the Pacific Coast Highway, and have circled Lake Tahoe. The system drives at the speed limit it has stored on its maps and maintains its distance from other vehicles using its system of sensors.
◆The system provides an override that allows a human driver to take control of the car by stepping on the brake or turning the wheel, similar to cruise control systems already in cars.。