湖南长郡中学高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)

湖南长郡中学高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air than forest trees.
As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.
Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.
To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.
City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest，trees tend to grow close together，shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.
（1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2?
A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses.
B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming.
C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels.
D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on.
（2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?
A. To know about their growth rates.
B. To find out how much they weigh.
C. To check whether they were healthy.
D. To assess the carbon amounts in them.
（3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?
A. They are more likely to access growth promoters.
B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air.
C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors.
D. They are better at competing for light.
（4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued?
A. How urban trees can live longer.
B. Why city living makes trees die young.
C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions.
D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more C02.【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现：与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2.”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“To figure on how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracke d their diameters.”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮）in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground.”可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Young Adult Groups
●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members
If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome.
Website: http: //
Rules: Respect each other's opinions and have fun!
●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members
This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies(免费物)! Follow us
for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website:
Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders!
●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members
A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）. Aplace to share what we're reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends.
Website:
Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect all group members and their opinions.
●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members
This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It's just a friendly place to discuss what you're reading and to get ideas for your next read. You can participate as much or as little as you like.
Website:
Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions.
（1）Which of the four groups is the most popular?
A. Book Loving Kiwis.
B. A Book and a Cappucino.
C. Around the World in 80 Books.
D. Readers That Love Giveaways.
（2）Which website should you visit if you want free reading materials?
A. .
B. .
C. .
D. .
（3）Who is the text mainly intended for?
A. New authors.
B. Young adults.
C. Book dealers.
D. Book lovers.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个小组，它们都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据四个小组名称后面紧跟着的成员人数“●Around the World in 80 Books —9,186 members”；“●Readers That Love Giveaways —734 members”；“●Book Loving Kiwis —706 members”；“●A Book and a Cappucino —77 members”可知，Around the World 80 Books这一小组的成员人数最多。

由此可推知，它是四个小组中最受欢迎的一个。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据●Readers That Love Giveaways部分中的“This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies!”可知，这个群组是为喜欢领取赠品和寻找免费赠品的读者而设的!其网址是http: //。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members部分中的”If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place!“；●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members部分中的”This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies（免费物）!“；●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members部分中的”A group for
New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）；和●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members部分中的“This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace.”可知，这四个小组都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组，因此本文的目标读者是喜欢读书的人。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
From quiet paths by a stream in a forest to busy roads running through a city, people have created various forms of routes in different places. These now exist all around us, and their use is imperative for societies. These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives.
Early routes were often formed naturally on land. They gradually developed over long periods of time while people traveled them on foot or horseback. A significant turning point in their history arrived when the first wheeled carts appeared in ancient times. Once this happened, people recognized the importance of well-maintained routes. Therefore, towns, cities, and entire countries improved them. As a result, life became more convenient, communities grew, economies evolved, and cultures expanded.
People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things. For instance, in the old, Japanese city of Edo, water routes were used for the transportation of agricultural products, seafood, and wood. People have also opened routes across the sea. The seaways were critical for the navigation of ships, particularly in the days when they moved mainly by wind power. Using these sea routes, people could travel great distances, and go to places they had not previously been able to reach.
People have gone on to open routes in the sky as well. Since the invention of the airplane, they have made it possible to travel long distances easily. Eventually, people became able to travel safely and comfortably high in the sky, and going vast distances only took a small amount of time. Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication. They can also instantly send messages to large numbers of people all at once.
As long as there have been people, there have been routes to connect them. Currently unknown routes will surely take us even further in the future.
（1）Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word imperative in paragraph 1?
A.accidental
B.industrial
C.essential
D.traditional
（2）Why is the example of Edo introduced in paragraph 3?
A.To describe the difficulty of creating routes on the water.
B.To emphasize the fact that it was an important city.
C.To explain the use of water routes to move along the coastlines.
D.To illustrate the important roles of water routes for cities.
（3）What does paragraph 5 tell us about routes?
A.Routes can be thought of as existing invisibly in the world.
B.Routes that move information can be regarded as dangerous.
C.The fundamental functions of routes are declining.
D.The importance of different kinds of routes is the same.
（4）What is the main idea of this article?
A.Humankind first created various types of convenient routes on land.
B.Improvements in transportation have come at great cost.
C.Technology has interfered with opening up routes around the world.
D.The advancement of humanity was aided by the development of routes.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives."可知，这些路线使人们能够快速、安全地从一个地方到另一个地方移动、运输物品和发送信息。

纵观历史，它们在我们的日常生活中一直很重要，因此它们的使用对于社会来说是必不可少的，由此可知画线词词义为"必要的"，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things."可知，人们也在水上建立了路线，河流和运河已经成为人们走动和搬运东西的有效途径，紧接着举日本江户这个例子就是为了证明这一点，即：水路对城市有着重要作用，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication."可知，如今，我们有一种新的路线——互联网，通过使用这条世界性的途径，人们可以很容易地获得以前主要从书本和面对面的交流中获得的信息，与传统的陆路、水路以及空路相比，互联网这种新的路线是无形的，由此可知，路线可以被认为是无形地存在于这个世界上，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展，由此可知，本文介绍的是人类的进步得益于路线的发展，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。

4．阅读理解
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the change to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly involved.
Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
（1）What happens when a new technology appears?
A.It farther widens the gap between the old and the young.
B.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
C.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
D.It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.
（2）What does the author say about the driverless car?
A.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.
B.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.
C.It does not seem to create a generational divide.
D.It may start a revolution in the car industry.
（3）Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A.It adds to the safety of their travel.
B.It saves their energy.
C.It arouses their interest in life.
D.It helps with their mobility.
（4）What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?
A.The location of their residence.
B.The amount of training they received.
C.The length of their driving experience.
D.The field of their special interest.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological change. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars."可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行动，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas."可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Dance Classes
Ballet
Ballet teaches grace, posture(姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet
items(物品),expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classical ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class.
Age 8-10
September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020
10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday
Creative Movers
Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.
Age 3-5
September 7, 2019-January 18, 2020
9:00 am-9:45 am on Saturday
Jazz
Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional jazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals.
Age 5-6
September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020
2:00 pm-3:00 pm on Saturday
Hip Hop
Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking, breaking and totting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will provide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.
Age 7-10
September 7, 2019-May 16, 2020
1:00 pm-2:00 pm on Sunday
（1）Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?
A. Ballet.
B. Creative Movers.
C. Hip Hop.
D. Jazz.
（2）What can students do in the jazz class?
A. Make use of all the ballet items.
B. Learn the long history of jazz.
C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers.
D. Get to know jazz-style movements.
（3）What is special about the hip hop class?
A. It is open in the afternoon.
B. It is available on Sunday.
C. It teaches traditional dances.
D. It has the most skilled teachers.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几门舞蹈课。

这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩
子。

孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Creative Movers部分中的”Age 3-5“可知，Creative Movers这门课适合四岁的孩子。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Jazz部分中的”Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements.“可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据文中”Ballet(10:30 am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 : 00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday)“;”Jazz( 2 : 00 pm-3 : 00 pm on Saturday)“;”Hip Pop(1 : 00 pm-2 : 00 pm on Sunday) “可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而Hip Hop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.
Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.
While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.
When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).
Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.
Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.
Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.
（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph?
A. To play dance music.
B. To work with Buddy Bolden.
C. To create modem jazz music.
D. To play a jazz instrument well.
（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?
A. Buddy Bolden.
B. Lil Hardin.
C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.
D. King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?
A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.
B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.
C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.
D. Because his talent could not develop completely.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage?
A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.
B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.
C. It introduces the development of jazz.
D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。

（1）考查代词指代。

根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段“...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.
As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.
John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.
Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.
"There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."
（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Starts.
B. Changes.
C. Treasures.
D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.
A.celebrate the end of World War I
B.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign
C.remember his son's sacrifice to the country
D.show the family's close ties with the church
（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?
A.Freedom and equality.
B.Peace and war.
C.Human and nature.
D.Marriage and family.
（4）What might be the best title for the text?
A.A Brave Soldier
B.Window on a Life
C.Cruelty of the War
D.A Grand Church
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。

这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。

可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to
install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。

可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Divided into two parts, one depicts St. George, the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the botto m,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hugh All Gallipoli，1915年6月6日”。

可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windo ws. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。

一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。

）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.
In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.
A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.
Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may。