不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物
量及酶活性的影响
一、本文概述
Overview of this article
本文旨在探讨不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响。

通过对比不同还田量下水稻的生长状况，分析土壤微生物生物量的变化，以及酶活性的响应，旨在揭示小麦秸秆还田对农田生态系统的综合效应，为优化农田管理措施提供科学依据。

This article aims to explore the effects of different amounts of wheat straw returning to the field on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. By comparing the growth status of rice under different returning amounts, analyzing the changes in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity responses, the aim is to reveal the comprehensive effects of wheat straw returning on the agricultural ecosystem, and provide scientific basis for optimizing agricultural management measures.
文章首先回顾了小麦秸秆还田技术的研究背景和现状，阐述了小
麦秸秆还田在改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥力、促进作物生长等方面的积极作用。

在此基础上，文章提出了研究问题，即不同还田量下小麦秸秆对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响机制。

The article first reviews the research background and current situation of wheat straw returning technology, and elaborates on the positive role of wheat straw returning in improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility, and promoting crop growth. On this basis, the article proposes research questions on the impact mechanism of wheat straw on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity under different returning amounts.
文章采用了实验研究的方法，通过设置不同的小麦秸秆还田量，观察水稻生长过程中的株高、叶面积、产量等指标的变化，同时分析土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷等元素的含量，以及土壤酶活性的变化。

通过对比分析不同处理之间的差异，揭示小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长和土壤生物学特性的影响规律。

The article adopts an experimental research method to observe the changes in plant height, leaf area, yield and other indicators during rice growth by setting different amounts of
wheat straw returning to the field. At the same time, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements, as well as changes in soil enzyme activity, are analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the differences between different treatments, this study reveals the impact of wheat straw return on rice growth and soil biological characteristics.
文章预期将为农业生产中合理利用小麦秸秆资源、优化农田管理措施提供理论依据和实践指导，促进农业可持续发展。

本文的研究也有助于深化对农田生态系统物质循环和能量流动的认识，为农业生态学的研究提供新的视角和思路。

The article is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the rational utilization of wheat straw resources in agricultural production, optimization of farmland management measures, and promotion of sustainable agricultural development. This study also helps to deepen our understanding of the material cycle and energy flow in agricultural ecosystems, providing new perspectives and ideas for the study of agricultural ecology.
二、材料与方法
Materials and Methods
本试验选用了不同的小麦秸秆还田量，分别为0 kg/亩（对照）、1000 kg/亩、2000 kg/亩、3000 kg/亩。

水稻品种选用当地主推的水稻品种，以保证试验的实用性和代表性。

This experiment selected different amounts of wheat straw returning to the field, which were 0 kg/mu (control), 1000 kg/mu, 2000 kg/mu, and 3000 kg/mu, respectively. Select locally recommended rice varieties to ensure the practicality and representativeness of the experiment.
试验采用随机区组设计，共设4个处理，每个处理3次重复。

小区面积20平方米，四周设保护行。

在小麦收获后，将秸秆按照设定
的还田量均匀撒布在田面上，然后进行水稻的种植。

The experiment adopted a randomized block design with a total of 4 treatments, each with 3 replicates. The community covers an area of 20 square meters and is surrounded by protective walkways. After the wheat harvest, evenly distribute the straw according to the set amount of return to the field, and then plant rice.
在水稻生长的不同阶段（分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期），分别采集土壤和水稻样品进行测定。

土壤微生物生物量采用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法测定；土壤酶活性采用相应的酶试剂盒进行测定。

水
稻生长指标包括株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部生物量、地下部生物量等，采用常规方法进行测定。

Collect soil and rice samples for measurement at different stages of rice growth (tillering, jointing, heading, maturity). The soil microbial biomass was measured using chloroform fumigation K2SO4 extraction method; The soil enzyme activity was measured using the corresponding enzyme reagent kit. The growth indicators of rice include plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground biomass, and underground biomass, which are measured using conventional methods.
试验数据采用Excel和SPSS软件进行整理和分析。

采用单因素
方差分析（ANOVA）比较不同处理之间的差异，采用LSD法进行多重
比较。

通过相关性分析，探讨小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响。

The experimental data was organized and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. Use one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) to compare the differences between different treatments, and use LSD method for multiple comparisons. Through correlation analysis, this study explores the effects of wheat straw return on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity.
本试验旨在探究不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响，以期为农业生产中合理利用小麦秸秆、提高水稻产量和土壤肥力提供理论依据。

The aim of this experiment is to explore the effects of different amounts of wheat straw returning to the field on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, in order to provide theoretical basis for the rational use of wheat straw in agricultural production, improving rice yield, and soil fertility.
三、结果与分析
Results and Analysis
本研究通过对不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响进行了深入研究。

结果显示，随着小麦秸秆还田量
的增加，水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性均表现出明显的变化。

This study conducted an in-depth study on the effects of different amounts of wheat straw returning to the field on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. The results showed that with the increase of wheat straw returning to the field, there were significant changes in rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity.
从水稻生长情况来看，适量的小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长具有积极的促进作用。

当小麦秸秆还田量在每亩200~400公斤时，水稻的株高、叶面积和生物量均显著增加，这可能是因为秸秆的加入为土壤提供了丰富的有机物质和微量元素，促进了水稻的生长和发育。

然而，当秸秆还田量超过每亩400公斤时，水稻生长受到一定的抑制，可能是由于过多的秸秆导致土壤通气性降低，影响了水稻根系的呼吸和营养吸收。

From the perspective of rice growth, the appropriate amount of wheat straw returning to the field has a positive promoting effect on rice growth. When the amount of wheat straw returned to the field is 200 per acre; At 400 kilograms, the plant height, leaf area, and biomass of rice significantly increased, which
may be due to the addition of straw providing rich organic matter and trace elements to the soil, promoting the growth and development of rice. However, when the amount of straw returned to the field exceeds 400 kilograms per acre, rice growth is inhibited to a certain extent, possibly due to excessive straw causing a decrease in soil aeration, which affects the respiration and nutrient absorption of rice roots.
对土壤微生物生物量的研究表明，小麦秸秆还田对土壤微生物生物量具有显著影响。

随着秸秆还田量的增加，土壤微生物生物量碳和氮均呈先增加后减少的趋势。

在每亩200~400公斤的秸秆还田
量下，土壤微生物生物量碳和氮达到最大值，这可能是因为适量的秸秆为土壤微生物提供了充足的碳源和氮源，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖。

然而，当秸秆还田量过高时，土壤微生物生物量反而下降，可能是由于过多的秸秆导致土壤环境恶化，抑制了微生物的生长。

Research on soil microbial biomass shows that returning wheat straw to the field has a significant impact on soil microbial biomass. As the amount of straw returned to the field increases, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At 200 per acre;
Under the condition of returning 400 kilograms of straw to the field, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen reached their maximum values. This may be because an appropriate amount of straw provided sufficient carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. However, when the amount of straw returned to the field is too high, the soil microbial biomass actually decreases, possibly due to the deterioration of the soil environment caused by excessive straw, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
对土壤酶活性的分析显示，小麦秸秆还田对土壤酶活性具有显著影响。

随着秸秆还田量的增加，土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均呈先增加后减少的趋势。

在每亩200~400公斤的秸秆还田量下，
三种酶活性均达到最大值，这可能是因为适量的秸秆为土壤酶提供了充足的底物和适宜的环境，促进了酶活性的提高。

然而，当秸秆还田量过高时，土壤酶活性反而下降，可能是由于过多的秸秆导致土壤环境恶化，抑制了酶的活性。

The analysis of soil enzyme activity shows that returning wheat straw to the field has a significant impact on soil enzyme activity. As the amount of straw returned to the field increases,
the activities of soil urease, phosphatase, and sucrase all show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At 200 per acre; Under the return of 400 kilograms of straw to the field, all three enzyme activities reached their maximum values. This may be because an appropriate amount of straw provided sufficient substrate and suitable environment for soil enzymes, promoting the improvement of enzyme activity. However, when the amount of straw returned to the field is too high, the soil enzyme activity actually decreases, which may be due to the deterioration of the soil environment caused by excessive straw, inhibiting enzyme activity.
适量的小麦秸秆还田对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性具有积极的促进作用，但过高的秸秆还田量则会对水稻生长和土壤环境产生不利影响。

因此，在实际生产中，应根据土壤条件、气候条件和水稻生长需求等因素，合理确定小麦秸秆还田量，以达到最佳的增产效果和生态环境效益。

Moderate wheat straw returning to the field has a positive promoting effect on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, but excessive straw returning can have adverse
effects on rice growth and soil environment. Therefore, in actual production, the amount of wheat straw returned to the field should be reasonably determined based on factors such as soil conditions, climate conditions, and rice growth needs, in order to achieve the best yield increase and ecological environmental benefits.
四、讨论
Discussion
本研究探讨了不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响，结果表明，适宜的秸秆还田量可以显著促进水稻的生长，提高土壤微生物生物量和酶活性，进而提升土壤肥力。

This study investigated the effects of different amounts of wheat straw return on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. The results showed that an appropriate amount of straw return can significantly promote rice growth, increase soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, and thereby enhance soil fertility.
在秸秆还田对水稻生长的影响方面，本研究发现，随着秸秆还田
量的增加，水稻的生长呈现出先促进后抑制的趋势。

这可能是因为适量的秸秆还田可以为水稻提供养分和有机物质，促进水稻的生长；而过量的秸秆还田则可能导致土壤通气性变差，影响水稻根系的呼吸和养分吸收，从而抑制水稻的生长。

因此，在实际生产中，应根据土壤条件、作物需求等因素，合理确定秸秆还田量，以达到最佳的水稻生长效果。

In terms of the impact of straw returning on rice growth, this study found that as the amount of straw returning increases, the growth of rice shows a trend of first promoting and then inhibiting. This may be because returning appropriate amounts of straw to the field can provide nutrients and organic matter for rice, promoting its growth; Excessive straw returning to the field may lead to decreased soil aeration, affecting the respiration and nutrient absorption of rice roots, thereby inhibiting rice growth. Therefore, in actual production, the amount of straw returned to the field should be reasonably determined based on factors such as soil conditions and crop demand, in order to achieve the best rice growth effect.
在秸秆还田对土壤微生物生物量的影响方面，本研究发现，适量
的秸秆还田可以显著提高土壤微生物生物量。

这可能是因为秸秆的分解过程中，为微生物提供了丰富的碳源和能源，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖。

同时，微生物的增多也可以进一步促进秸秆的分解和养分的释放，形成良性循环。

然而，当秸秆还田量超过一定范围时，可能会对土壤微生物的生长和繁殖产生一定的抑制作用，导致土壤微生物生物量下降。

因此，在秸秆还田过程中，应合理控制秸秆还田量，以维持土壤微生物生物量的稳定。

In terms of the impact of straw returning on soil microbial biomass, this study found that moderate straw returning can significantly increase soil microbial biomass. This may be because the decomposition process of straw provides abundant carbon and energy sources for microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. Meanwhile, the increase of microorganisms can further promote the decomposition of straw and the release of nutrients, forming a virtuous cycle. However, when the amount of straw returned to the field exceeds a certain range, it may have a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms, leading to a decrease in soil microbial biomass. Therefore, in the process of
returning straw to the field, the amount of straw returned should be reasonably controlled to maintain the stability of soil microbial biomass.
在秸秆还田对土壤酶活性的影响方面，本研究发现，适量的秸秆还田可以显著提高土壤酶活性。

这可能是因为秸秆的分解过程中，产生了大量的有机物质和养分，为土壤酶提供了丰富的底物和反应条件，促进了土壤酶的活性。

土壤酶活性的提高也可以进一步促进秸秆的分解和养分的转化，有利于土壤肥力的提升。

然而，当秸秆还田量过大时，可能会对土壤酶活性产生一定的抑制作用，导致土壤酶活性下降。

因此，在实际生产中，应根据土壤条件、作物需求等因素，合理确定秸秆还田量，以维持土壤酶活性的稳定。

In terms of the impact of straw returning on soil enzyme activity, this study found that moderate straw returning can significantly improve soil enzyme activity. This may be because during the decomposition process of straw, a large amount of organic matter and nutrients are produced, providing rich substrates and reaction conditions for soil enzymes, promoting their activity. The increase in soil enzyme activity can further promote the decomposition of straw and the conversion
of nutrients, which is beneficial for the improvement of soil fertility. However, when the amount of straw returned to the field is too large, it may have a certain inhibitory effect on soil enzyme activity, leading to a decrease in soil enzyme activity. Therefore, in actual production, the amount of straw returned to the field should be reasonably determined based on factors such as soil conditions and crop demand, in order to maintain the stability of soil enzyme activity.
秸秆还田对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性具有显著的影响。

在实际生产中，应根据土壤条件、作物需求等因素，合理确定秸秆还田量，以达到最佳的水稻生长效果和土壤肥力提升效果。

还需要加强对秸秆还田技术的研究和推广，提高秸秆资源的利用率，促进农业生产的可持续发展。

Returning straw to the field has a significant impact on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. In actual production, the amount of straw returned to the field should be reasonably determined based on factors such as soil conditions and crop demand, in order to achieve the best rice growth effect and soil fertility improvement effect. It is also
necessary to strengthen the research and promotion of straw returning technology, improve the utilization rate of straw resources, and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.
五、结论
Conclusion
本研究通过探讨不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响，得出了一些重要结论。

在适量的小麦秸秆还田条件下，水稻的生长得到了显著的促进，表现为株高、茎粗、叶面积等生长指标的增加。

这可能是由于秸秆还田为土壤提供了丰富的有机物质，改善了土壤的物理和化学性质，为水稻的生长创造了良好的环境。

This study explores the effects of different amounts of wheat straw returning to the field on rice growth, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, and draws some important conclusions. Under appropriate conditions of returning wheat straw to the field, the growth of rice was significantly promoted, manifested by an increase in growth
indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area. This may be due to the straw returning providing rich organic matter to the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and creating a favorable environment for the growth of rice.
随着秸秆还田量的增加，土壤微生物生物量也呈现出相应的增长趋势。

这表明小麦秸秆的加入为土壤微生物提供了丰富的碳源和能源，促进了微生物的生长和繁殖。

同时，土壤微生物的多样性也得到了提高，这有助于维持土壤生态系统的稳定性和提高土壤的生物活性。

With the increase of straw returning to the field, the soil microbial biomass also shows a corresponding growth trend. This indicates that the addition of wheat straw provides abundant carbon and energy sources for soil microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. At the same time, the diversity of soil microorganisms has also been improved, which helps to maintain the stability of soil ecosystems and improve soil biological activity.
本研究还发现，秸秆还田对土壤酶活性产生了显著的影响。

随着秸秆还田量的增加，土壤中的过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶等酶活性均
得到了提高。

这些酶在土壤物质循环和能量转化过程中发挥着重要作用，其活性的提高有助于促进土壤有机物的分解和养分的释放，为水稻的生长提供更多的养分支持。

This study also found that returning straw to the field had a significant impact on soil enzyme activity. As the amount of straw returned to the field increased, the activities of enzymes such as catalase, sucrase, and urease in the soil were all improved. These enzymes play an important role in soil material cycling and energy conversion, and their increased activity helps promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the release of nutrients, providing more nutrient support for the growth of rice.
适量的小麦秸秆还田对水稻的生长具有显著的促进作用，同时也有助于提高土壤微生物生物量和酶活性。

因此，在实际农业生产中，应根据土壤条件、作物需求和秸秆资源情况，合理确定秸秆还田量，以实现作物产量和土壤生态的双重效益。

未来的研究还可以进一步探讨秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落结构、土壤碳氮循环等方面的影响，为农业生产提供更加全面的理论依据和技术支持。

The appropriate amount of wheat straw returning to the
field has a significant promoting effect on the growth of rice, while also helping to increase soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. Therefore, in actual agricultural production, the amount of straw returned to the field should be reasonably determined based on soil conditions, crop demand, and straw resources, in order to achieve dual benefits of crop yield and soil ecology. Future research can further explore the effects of straw returning on soil microbial community structure, soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, and provide more comprehensive theoretical basis and technical support for agricultural production.。