08nervous system 五年制医学英语
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Nervous system
-- physical examination of common disease
外科学精品课程组
1
System retrospection
Basic structure of Nervous system Brain：Cerebral hemispheres
---frontal/parietal/occupital/temporal lobe ---sulci gyrus
Coordinate movement
Finger-to-nose test.
Finger-to-nose test.
Heel-to-knee test.
Resistance test
（四） Core area
Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon
-- thalatem
---midbrain/pons/ Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
2
Cerebral bone
----frontal/parietal/occupital/temporal bone
（一）Frontal of skull and brain
skull ： frontal bone、 anteriol skull base brain： frontal lobe 、 I、II cranial nerve
？
Common Diseases
Signs and symptoms
Innervations of the facial nerve and types of facial weakness.
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Testing the facial nerve Testing the strength of eyelid closure.
that causes contralateral weakness of the lower face but spares the contralateral
forehead.
Lesion B produces a lower motor
nerve palsy that causes total paralysis of the ipsilateral face.
brain： parital and temporal lobe
Common diseases
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
High cranial pressure Coma：GCS value Cerebrospinal fluid leakage Feeling function Three partial syndrome：
+ +
little or none
-
flaccid，decreased
-
significant
Useful vocabulary
contorts in this.
4
CN：cranial nerve
I 嗅神经 olfactory nerve II视神经 optic nerve III动眼神经oculomotor nerve IV滑车神经 trochlear nerve V三叉神经 trigeminal nerve VI展神经 abducent nerve VII面神经facial nerve VIII前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlear nerve IX舌咽神经glossopharyngeal nerve X迷走神经vagus nerve XI副神经accessory nerve XII舌下神经hypoglossal nerve
A:颅骨正面观
B:颅骨侧面观
3
C:颅底上面观
Membrane
----cerebral dura mater/arachnoid membrane/leptomeninges
subarachnoid space
D：脑膜结构
between arachnoid
membrane and leptomeninges，contains CSF（cerebrospinal fluid ），Intracranial vascular
Testing the motor function of the trigeminal nerve
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Facioplegia Taste Tinnitus Epicophosis
Lesion A produces an upper motor nerve palsy
Basal ganglia Diencephalon Some endocrine organs
Pituitary gland Pineal gland ......
Common diseases
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms-Midbrain
Coma Pupillary reflex Convergence reflex
Signs and symptoms-Medulla oblongata
Evaluating the accessory nerve.
Evaluating the hypoglossal nerve.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Note the scalloping of the tongue.
(五)Spine & Spinal cord
spine Cervical vertebra Thoracic vertebra Lumbar vertebra Sacral vertebrae
spinal cord
Spine & Spinal cord
Cross-sectional view through the spinal cord.
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
Motor function Reflexes Sensory function Excretion function Sexual function
Signs and symptoms
Comparison of Effects of Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
brain： occupital lobe、 cerebellum
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
High cranial pressure Coma：GCS value Hemianopia Epilepsy Reflction Language Gait abnormalities Coordinate movement
Effect
Upper motor neuronlesion
lowwer motor neuronlesion
voluntary control muscle tone reflex arcs pathological reflexes muscle astrophy
-
spastic ，increased
hemiplegia 、hemianopia、 hemidysesthesia epilepsy Nuchal rigidity Reflction
（三）posterior of skull and brain
skull ： occupital bone、 posterior skull base
Reflction：physiological & pathological
Reflction：physiological & pathological
（二）Middle of skull and brain
skull ： parital and temprol bone、 middle skull base
headache、vomit 、optic disc edema Cerebrospinal fluid leakage Temper、 character change hemiplegia anosmia、amaurosis、motor aphasia epilepsy Nuchal rigidity reflction：physiological & pathological Pyramidal sign
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Romberg's sign
open
brain stem
_
cerebellum
+
close + ++
Signs and symptoms-Medulla oblongata
Basic vital center Taste Gag reflex Dysphonia & dysarthria Muscles paralysis Pyramidal sign Endocrine organ
Pupillary reflex
Signs and symptoms-Midbrain
Eye movement
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Face feeling Chew movement Eye movement
Areas innervated by divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
-- physical examination of common disease
外科学精品课程组
1
System retrospection
Basic structure of Nervous system Brain：Cerebral hemispheres
---frontal/parietal/occupital/temporal lobe ---sulci gyrus
Coordinate movement
Finger-to-nose test.
Finger-to-nose test.
Heel-to-knee test.
Resistance test
（四） Core area
Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon
-- thalatem
---midbrain/pons/ Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
2
Cerebral bone
----frontal/parietal/occupital/temporal bone
（一）Frontal of skull and brain
skull ： frontal bone、 anteriol skull base brain： frontal lobe 、 I、II cranial nerve
？
Common Diseases
Signs and symptoms
Innervations of the facial nerve and types of facial weakness.
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Testing the facial nerve Testing the strength of eyelid closure.
that causes contralateral weakness of the lower face but spares the contralateral
forehead.
Lesion B produces a lower motor
nerve palsy that causes total paralysis of the ipsilateral face.
brain： parital and temporal lobe
Common diseases
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
High cranial pressure Coma：GCS value Cerebrospinal fluid leakage Feeling function Three partial syndrome：
+ +
little or none
-
flaccid，decreased
-
significant
Useful vocabulary
contorts in this.
4
CN：cranial nerve
I 嗅神经 olfactory nerve II视神经 optic nerve III动眼神经oculomotor nerve IV滑车神经 trochlear nerve V三叉神经 trigeminal nerve VI展神经 abducent nerve VII面神经facial nerve VIII前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlear nerve IX舌咽神经glossopharyngeal nerve X迷走神经vagus nerve XI副神经accessory nerve XII舌下神经hypoglossal nerve
A:颅骨正面观
B:颅骨侧面观
3
C:颅底上面观
Membrane
----cerebral dura mater/arachnoid membrane/leptomeninges
subarachnoid space
D：脑膜结构
between arachnoid
membrane and leptomeninges，contains CSF（cerebrospinal fluid ），Intracranial vascular
Testing the motor function of the trigeminal nerve
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Facioplegia Taste Tinnitus Epicophosis
Lesion A produces an upper motor nerve palsy
Basal ganglia Diencephalon Some endocrine organs
Pituitary gland Pineal gland ......
Common diseases
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms-Midbrain
Coma Pupillary reflex Convergence reflex
Signs and symptoms-Medulla oblongata
Evaluating the accessory nerve.
Evaluating the hypoglossal nerve.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Note the scalloping of the tongue.
(五)Spine & Spinal cord
spine Cervical vertebra Thoracic vertebra Lumbar vertebra Sacral vertebrae
spinal cord
Spine & Spinal cord
Cross-sectional view through the spinal cord.
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
Motor function Reflexes Sensory function Excretion function Sexual function
Signs and symptoms
Comparison of Effects of Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
brain： occupital lobe、 cerebellum
Common diseases
Signs and symptoms
High cranial pressure Coma：GCS value Hemianopia Epilepsy Reflction Language Gait abnormalities Coordinate movement
Effect
Upper motor neuronlesion
lowwer motor neuronlesion
voluntary control muscle tone reflex arcs pathological reflexes muscle astrophy
-
spastic ，increased
hemiplegia 、hemianopia、 hemidysesthesia epilepsy Nuchal rigidity Reflction
（三）posterior of skull and brain
skull ： occupital bone、 posterior skull base
Reflction：physiological & pathological
Reflction：physiological & pathological
（二）Middle of skull and brain
skull ： parital and temprol bone、 middle skull base
headache、vomit 、optic disc edema Cerebrospinal fluid leakage Temper、 character change hemiplegia anosmia、amaurosis、motor aphasia epilepsy Nuchal rigidity reflction：physiological & pathological Pyramidal sign
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Romberg's sign
open
brain stem
_
cerebellum
+
close + ++
Signs and symptoms-Medulla oblongata
Basic vital center Taste Gag reflex Dysphonia & dysarthria Muscles paralysis Pyramidal sign Endocrine organ
Pupillary reflex
Signs and symptoms-Midbrain
Eye movement
Signs and symptoms-Pons
Face feeling Chew movement Eye movement
Areas innervated by divisions of the trigeminal nerve.