高考山西英语一轮复习讲义专题三形容词和副词

专题三形容词和副词
形容词和副词是历年来高考的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及倍数的表达法、形容词或副词的比较级和最高级在常用句式中的应用,有时也会利用具体语境来考查比较级和最高级。

形容词和副词的基本用法
单句填空
1.(2019课标全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
1.答案so考查固定结构。

此处表示“雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里”。

so...that...如此……以至于……。

2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)However, be (care) not to go to extremes.
2.答案careful考查形容词。

此处为形容词作表语,故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。

3.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
3.答案fairly考查副词。

应用副词修饰形容词unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。

4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.
4.答案certainly考查副词。

此处fun是形容词,应用副词修饰形容词作状语,故填certainly。

单句改错
5.(2019课标全国卷Ⅰ)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
5.答案interesting→interested考查形容词。

短语bee interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。

interesting“有趣的,吸引人的”,通常描述事物。

interested“感兴趣的”,通常描述人的感受。

本句主语是人,故把interesting改为interested。

6.(2019课标全国卷Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
6.答案hardly→hard考查副词。

副词hardly意为“几乎不”,而hard作副词讲时,意为“用力地”。

此处表示“我用力把球踢回操场”,故把hardly改为hard。

7.(2019课标全国卷Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
7.答案coolly→cool考查形容词。

look在此处作系动词,其后接形容词作表语。

故将coolly改为cool。

8.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.
8.答案late→later考查副词。

此处意为“几分钟之后”,later符合语境。

9.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.
9.答案earlier→early get up early意为“早起”,句中没有比较的意思,故不用比较级。

10.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.
10.答案Beside→Besides考查副词。

此处意为“除此之外”,故需用副词Besides。

11.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.
11.答案late→latest考查形容词。

根据句意可知,此处表示“最新的音乐专辑”,
故应将late改为latest(最新的,最近的);late作形容词,意为“迟的,晚的”,不符合句意。

12.(2019课标全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
12.答案amazing→amazed考查形容词。

amazing意为“令人惊讶的”,常用来说明物;amazed意为“(感到)惊讶的”,常用来说明人。

根据语境可知,此处需将amazing 改为amazed。

形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、
宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语
等。

(2019江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms
offer people flexible options to exercise.不像传统的健身
房,应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选
择。

形容词的基本用法形容词作状语主要表示原因、结
果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与
句子主语保持一致。

Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to
spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、
积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。

特别
提醒
以ly结尾的形容词常见的有:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。

副词的基本用法
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词
或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程
度、方式等。

(2019天津卷)A dog's eating habit requires regular
training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在
正确地养成之前需要定期训练。

常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期
间”;therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“此外”;besides“另外,还有”;however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”;otherwise“否则”。

特别
提醒
有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评
注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,用逗号与后面的句子分开。

Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。

形容词和副词的比较等级
单句填空
1.(2019课标全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.
1.答案higher考查比较级。

根据空后的than可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空
应填higher。

2.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners
live three years (long) than nonrunners.
2.答案longer根据空后的than和语境可知,此处应该使用副词比较级形式,故填longer。

3.(2018课标全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the (loud) of all.
3.答案loudest根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。

4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat
goes up.
4.答案worse根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用副词比较级形式,even worse意为“更糟糕的是”。

5.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance.
5.答案greater and连接并列成分,根据后面的less可知,此处要用形容词比较级形式。

单句改错
6.(2018课标全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
6.答案larger→large根据句意可知我害怕在一大群人面前讲话,这里没有比较的含义,故将larger改为large。

1.比较级和最高级的构成规则
规则变化
词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级
单音节词
和少数双
音节词
一般加er或est
tall
long
taller
longer
tallest
longest 以e结尾的,
只加r或st
nice
fine
nicer
finer
nicest
finest 以重读闭音节结尾且
末尾只有一个辅音字
母的,先双写该辅音字
母再加er 或est
big
hot
fat
bigger
hotter
fatter
biggest
hottest
fattest 以辅音字母+y结尾的,
先变y为i再加er或est
happy
easy
happier
easier
happiest
easiest 其他双音
节词和多
音节词
在前面加more或most
difficult
beautiful
more
difficult
more
beautiful
most
difficult
most
beautiful
不规则变化
原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most old older/elder oldest/eldest
little less least
far farther(具体) farthest(具体) further(抽象) furthest(抽象)
2.比较等级的用法
同级比较as+adj./adv.(原形)+as...“和……一
样……”;not as/so+adj./adv.(原形)+as...“不
如……”
Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no
fatigue.虽然我和以前一样努力工作,但我没有感
到疲劳。

当as...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+可数名词单数+as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a
thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a
day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很
累,我从来没有像今天这样累过。

比较级“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方
比另一方更……”。

“less+形容词/副词原级
+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。

(2018课标全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people
who woke up early for exercise slept better than
those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起
锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。

特别
提醒
修饰比较等级的副词有:much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。

more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。

最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结
构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从
句”,表示“……中最……的”。

Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has
ever got.安迪很满意这个玩具。

这是他得到过的
最好的玩具。

one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our
country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。

最高级the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词
Africa is the second largest continent in the world.
非洲是世界上第二大洲。

最高
级的
其他
表达
a.否定词+比较级
b.比较级+than+any other+单数可数名
词
c.比较级+than+all the other+复数可数
名词
Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one
before.
你的故事太完美了,我以前从来没有听过比这更
好听的故事。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other
d.比较级+than+any of the other+复数可数名词
e.比较级+than anything/anyone else
river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。

①“the+比较级...,the+比较级...” “越……,(就)越……” ②“比较级+and+比较级”“越来越……”
③“the+比较级+of the two+名词复数”“两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅” not more than“至多;不超过” ⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……” ⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……” ⑧倍数句型 a.倍数+比较级+than b.倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as c.倍数+the+名词(size, length, height 等)+of 看到四种情况,想到比较等级
一、看到与than 连用,要想到用比较级
例1 Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.
分析 cleaner 根据后面的than 可知此处要用比较级,因此要用cleaner 。

例2 (单句改错)After a few months, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before.
分析 strong→stronger 根据句中的比较级标志词than 可知,本句应用比较级,表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较,much 用于修饰比较级。

故将strong 改为stronger 。

二、看到and, but, or 等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级 例3 (单句改错)They were also the best and worse years in my life. 分析 worse→worst 由并列连词and 前面的“the best”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级形式。

三、看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)
例4After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months (early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.
分析earlier由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前,故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了,故用比较级earlier。

四、看到下列固定搭配,要想到比较等级。

1.the+比较级..., the+比较级...
例5The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get it.
分析harder分析句子结构可知此句为“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”句式,意为“越……,就越……”。

故填harder。

2.the+最高级+标志性词语或从句
例6(单句改错)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.
分析better→best此处前面有the,后面有表示范围的“in the world”,所以应
该用形容词的最高级。

故better改为best。

Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考)Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a(health) baby and so on.
1.答案healthy考查形容词。

句意:人们举杯祝愿新人白头到老,永远幸福,早生贵子等。

设空处作定语,修饰名词baby,故填形容词healthy。

2.(2019海南儋州一次统测)Jin Yong achieved a(great) success than any other contemporary writer.
2.答案greater根据句中的than可知设空处需填形容词great的比较级greater。

3.(2019安徽滁州中学模拟)(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
3.答案Obviously句意:很明显,一个好的习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。

设空处修饰逗号后面的句子,作状语,应用副词。

故填Obviously。

4.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试)These days, as pared to ten to fifteen years ago, the job of assembly is made(simple) by producers of parts that are largely standardized.
4.答案simpler句意:与10至15年前相比,现在的部件生产商把部件在很大程度上标准化了,这使得组装工作更容易了。

设空处作主语补足语,根据本句中的“as pared to ten to fifteen years ago”推知设空处含有比较的意味,故答案为形容词比较级simpler。

5.(2019江西红色七校二联)Sometimes when a long time goes by without being recognized for the good we do, we start to get upset, but a simple statement of appreciation could make us bee(energy)again for a good long time.
5.答案energetic句意:有时,我们做了好事很长时间却没得到认可,我们开始感到不安,但是一句简单的表示认可的话又会使我们很长时间内感到精力充沛。

设空处作表语,意为“精力充沛的”,故填形容词energetic。

6.(2019广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the (fast) you will move toward your goal.
6.答案faster句意:你赢得别人的支持越多,你就会越快地接近你的目标。

此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越……越……”。

因此,设空处应用比较级。

故填faster。

7.(2019海南儋州一次统测)His works have been(wide) translated into many languages including English, French, Korean and Japanese.
7.答案widely句意:他的作品被广泛翻译成多种语言,包括英语、法语、韩语和日语。

设空处作状语,修饰谓语have been translated, 故填wide的副词形式widely。

8.(2019山东师大附中五模)It is the most (mon) used language in China and among the largest languages in the world.
8.答案monly句意:它是在中国使用最普遍的语言,也是世界上最大的语种之一。

设空处作状语,故填副词。

9.(2019辽宁大连双基测试)The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge, as the(long) seacrossing bridge in the world, is expected to have 5G service in the future.
9.答案longest句意:作为世界上最长的跨海大桥,港珠澳大桥预计未来会开通5G服务。

根据in the world表示的范围可知设空处用形容词最高级。

10.(2019河南驻马店经济开发区高中月考)People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sickness and disasters. The wetter you get, the(lucky) you will be.
10.答案luckier句意:人们向彼此泼水,希望能够带走疾病和灾难。

你身上越湿,你就越幸运。

“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”为固定结构,意为“越……,越……”。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious.
1.答案happily→happy句意:有友谊的生活证明是幸福的、和谐的。

考查形容词。

本句中的prove为系动词,意为“证明是……”。

系动词后需用形容词作表语,表示主语的特征,故将happily改为happy。

2.(2019湖南浏阳六校期中联考)To my greatly relief, he brought textbooks to me and helped me with my lessons.
2.答案greatly→great考查形容词。

句意:使我感到非常欣慰的是,他给我带来了课本并帮我学习功课。

to my great relief使我感到非常欣慰的是,故将greatly改为great。

3.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)What's bad, some students are likely to pare the brands of their smartphones with their classmates'.
3.答案bad→worse句意:更糟糕的是,一些学生可能会在智能的品牌上与他们的同学进行比较。

what's worse为固定结构,意为“更糟糕的是”。

4.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)Only a few people were walking quick on the streets wearing their masks.
4.答案quick→quickly考查副词。

句意:大街上的人寥寥无几,他们戴着口罩匆匆行走。

错误处作状语,修饰walking,故将quick改为quickly。

5.(2019福建安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学期中)Now I like her even more and I am glad I have so a great sister.
5.答案so→such考查限定词。

句意:现在我甚至更喜欢她了,我很高兴我有一位如此棒的姐姐。

such a great sister=so great a sister如此棒的姐姐。

故将so改为such。

6.(2019安徽江淮十校二联)Miss Zhang is one of my most favorite teachers.
6.答案删除most 考查形容词。

句意:张老师是我最喜欢的老师之一。

favorite 意为“最喜欢的”。

该词没有比较级、最高级形式,故将most删除。

7.(2019山东师大附中五模)When I saw some people snowboarding, I decided to give it a try. Therefore, it was much more difficult than I had expected.
7.答案Therefore→However句意:当我看到一些人滑雪时,我决定试一试。

然而,那比我预料的难很多。

前后两句为转折关系而非因果关系,故将Therefore改为However。

8.(2019江西红色七校二联)Kindly as I was, I found that I could do nothing to help him.
8.答案Kindly→Kind句意:虽然我很热心,但我发现我帮不了他。

“Kindly as I was”为倒装形式,相当于“Although I was kindly”,错误处作表语,表示“热心的”,需用
形容词而非副词,故将Kindly改为Kind。

9.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨三中一模)It has negative effects and makes many children too addicted to it that they have done many crazy things.
9.答案too→so句意:它有负面影响,让很多孩子如此沉迷于其中,以至于做出了很多疯狂的事。

be addicted to...对……上瘾;沉溺于……。

addicted为形容词,本句中应用so修饰,构成so...that...结构。

10.(2019陕西宝鸡三模)It is obvious that poor health is close related to bad living habits.
10.答案close→closely句意:显然,糟糕的健康状况与不良的生活习惯密切相关。

be related to与……有关,应该用副词修饰。

closely adv.紧密地;紧紧地。

Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019江西南昌二模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting history. The word “ballet” es from the French language, and 1(be) based on the Italian
word “balletto.” “Balletto” means a little dance. Ballet's early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s. But it was in France 2ballet developed into the form we know today.
The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence 3the direction of ballet in its early history. He ruled France for seventytwo years, 4(start) in 1643.He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily.
Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected 5(he) power and influence. Ballet's many rules and 6(extreme) detailed movements expressed a person's power and social relations. The king made sure that ballet became a 7(require) for the people of his court. He also started the Royal Academy of Dance,8important people could learn this art. The aim of this dance was selfcontrol, order and perfection.
Ballet slowly changed from a dance at the king's court to one 9(perform)by professional dancers. When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715, ballet 10(bring)
to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.7.8.9.10.
答案
考查动词时态。

句意:单词“ballet”来自法语,同时是以意大利语中的单词“balletto”为基础的。

并列连词and连接两个并列成分:es from和is based on,故用is。

考查强调句型。

句意:但是,芭蕾舞是在法国发展成了我们现在知道的形式的。

本句是一个强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in France,所以要用that。

考查介词。

固定搭配:have an influence on/upon对……有影响。

考查非谓语动词。

句意:他统治法国72年,开始于1643年。

设空处动作与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所以要用形式,相当于which started。

考查形容词性物主代词。

此处表达:一种能体现出他的权势和影响的舞蹈形式。

设空处要用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词。

考查副词。

设空处单词修饰后面的形容词,所以要用其副词形式。

extremely detailed非常详细的。

考查名词。

设空处充当became的宾语,且有不定冠词a修饰,所以要用其名词单数形式。

考查定语从句。

设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Royal Academy of Dance。

由此可知关系词在从句中充当地点状语,所以要用关系副词where。

考查非谓语动词。

设空处单词是非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰前面的代词one(a dance)。

两者之间是被动关系,所以要用perform的过去分词形式。

10.was brought考查动词时态和语态。

此处意为“芭蕾舞被带到了欧洲的其他地方”。

设空处是句子的谓语动词,时态为一般过去时,语态是被动语态,故填was brought。

Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

In my school, we have our own talent show every year, that has been a tradition for 15 years. This year, our school was held one as scheduled. A great many students took active part in it. I decided to play the violin with a partner naming Julia,who played the piano along for me. We had practiced many time before the talent show started.
Everyone watched the show excited. Julia and I did a good job. Others students sang and danced happily. The talent show helped us relax but enriched our school life. We all enjoyed them very much.
答案
1.第一句:that→which逗号后部分是非限制性定语从句,关系代词that不能引导该类定语从句,要用关系代词which引导。

2.第二句:去掉held前的was句意:今年,我校如期举办了一次。

主语our school与谓语动词held之间是主动关系,所以要去掉was。

3.第三句:active前加an take an active part in积极参加。

4.第四句:naming→named此处表达:我决定和一个叫Julia的同伴一起演奏小提琴。

name与其所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,要用其过去分词,相当于who was named Julia。

5.第四句:for→with play the piano with sb.和某人一起弹钢琴。

6.第五句:time→times此处表达:我们在一起练习了很多次。

time作“次数”讲时为可数名词。

7.第六句:excited→excitedly句意:每个人都激动地观看了演出。

修饰动词watched 要用副词excitedly。

8.第八句:Others→Other句意:其他的学生都高兴地唱歌跳舞。

other其他的,另外的。

修饰后面的名词students。

9.第九句:but→and句意:才艺展帮助我们放松自我,也丰富了我们的学校生活。

前后是并列关系,应该用and连接。

10.第十句:them→it句意:我们都非常喜欢它。

此处指代“the talent show”,故用it。