中考初中英语双宾语和复合宾语的区别

中考初中英语双宾语和复合宾语的区别
1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.
A. his son to finish
B. to finish
C. finishing
D. his son will finish
解析：不可用复合宾语，A不对;不可用ing形式，C不对; D 时态不对，所以选择B.
2. Jim’s father said to him,”I hope you ____ w hat I _____ you to buy.”
A. didn’t forget; told
B. no to forget; have told
C. won’t forget; have told
D. haven’t forgotten; will tell
解析：不可跟复合宾语A、B错;D 时态不对，C 宾语从句，时态也对;
语法对接：某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语(即：间接宾语+直接宾语)或复合宾语(即：宾语+宾语补足语)，这两种宾语的形式虽然相似，但结构与意义却不同。

那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?
(1) 从动词上区分。

一些动词后面常跟双宾语，这类动词有give，show，bring，read，pass，lend，tell，leave，teach，write，buy，sing等。

例如：The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老师给他们每人一块橡皮。

一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有let，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。

例如：
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。

(2)从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分
在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。

而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和分词(短语)。

例如：She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(双宾语)
He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(双宾语)
We call him Lao Li(n.).(复合宾语)
Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(复合宾语)
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介词短语).(复合宾语)
I won’t let you try again(不定式短语).(复合宾语)
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(过去分词).(复合宾语)
3) 从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分。

在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。

双宾语一般表示“为谁(forsb.)或给谁(to sb.)……”，即“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for sb.或to sb.”的结构。

例如：
Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.请给我看看你的新书。

She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她给我买了一些西红柿。

宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。

而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”;当不定式(短语)或分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。

例如：We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.) 表语是出现在表语从句中，例如“ That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中的is就是表语。

那表语还有am，are等。

再给你举一些例子。

What I know is that he can‘t do it.我所知道的是他不会做这见事。

It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。

以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：
(1)It + be + 形容词+ that从句
(2)It + be + 名词词组+ that从句
(3)It + be + 过去分词+ that从句
(4)It seem, happen等不及物动词+ that从句
形式宾语就是它并不是真正的宾语,而是用IT来代替的,这句话中TRAVEL AROUND是真正的宾语,为了不使句子有头重脚轻的感觉,所以宾语后至,但前边必须加个形式宾语.这句话若不使用形式宾语为:Li lei finds travling around the city is hard beacause he dosen't know the way.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my own room at night that scared me so much. There was never complete darkness, but always a street light or car lights, which made clothes on the back of a chair take on the shape of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains（窗帘）seem to move when there was no wind. A very low sound in the dark would seem a hundred times louder than in the day. My imagination（想象）would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would lie very still so that the "enemy（敌人）" would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school.
Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home. That was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the street, I was afraid that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some other strange places. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight.
Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a serious one.
One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.（1）The author had kind(s) of fears when he was a child.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none
（2）would scare the author at night.
A. Street lights and car lights
B. Wild animals and enemies
C. Moving curtains and wind
D. Strange sights and sounds
（3）When the author went to some other places on school or family trips, he would .
A. walk away without others
B. take a bus by himself
C. follow others closely
D. make sure not to take a wrong bus
（4）The underlined word "overcome" means " " in Chinese.
A. 接受
B. 忍受
C. 信服
D. 克服
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了作者小时候害怕的三件事，怕黑，怕走丢，怕不被别人喜欢或者不被别人接受。

（1）细节理解题，根据As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. 可知，作者在小时候害怕黑，害怕迷路，根据Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. 可知作者还害怕不被别人喜欢或者不被被人接受，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据第二段的描述，实际上作者所害怕的是街里的灯光和其他微妙的声音产生的奇怪的幻觉，故答案是D。

（3）推理判断题，根据On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight. 可知，在旅行的时候，作者不想让领头的人走出他的视线，因此是作者跟的得很近。

故答案是C。

（4）词义猜测题，根据One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears. 可知，随着年龄的增大，慢慢的知道了恐惧到底是什么，也就克服了恐惧的心理。

故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，考查阅读理解，本题涉及到了词义猜测题、细节理解题和推理判断题，词义猜测题根据前后句的逻辑关系进行合理的推断，细节理解题相对简单，一般可知直接在文中找到答案，或者依据，而主旨大意题则需要在充分理解文章的基础上提炼出文章的中心意思。

推理判断题则需要根据关键句进行科学严谨的推理得出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
I did something wrong today.
While at the beach this afternoon. I met a boy called Bob We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs (悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place(Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him.
We wanted to make our way down to explore (探索)the area, so Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied (系)a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us.
My parents were relieved (宽慰的)that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again.
（1）Where did the writer meet Bob?
A. At school
B. In the park
C. At the beach
D. On the cliffs
（2）In Paragraph 2. “a coward” means______.
A. a person who is not brave
B. a person who is not clever
C. a person who is not strong
D. a person who is not polite
（3）What had the writer s parents always warned him about?
A. The wind was very strong.
B. The beach was too far away.
C. The cliffs were not a safe place.
D. Bob was difficult to get on with.
（4）Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage.
a. Some rocks came down
b. The writer followed Bob
c. The writer wanted to cry
d. A man and a woman saved them
e. The writer and Bob heard some sounds
A. a-b-c-d-e
B. b-a-c-e-d
C. a-c-b-e-d
D. b-c-a-e-d
（5）How did the writer feel about what he had done?
A. Surprised
B. Excited
C. Glad
D. Sorry
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文主要是叙述了作者的一次冒险经历，并为此而感到难过。

并表示再也不做那样冒险的事情了。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句While at the beach this afternoon. I met a boy called Bob 可知作者在沙滩上遇见Bob，故选C。

（2）推断题。

根据下句I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him我想向他证明我也一样勇敢，于是我同意和他一起去。

可推断出He called me a coward 他称我.是“不勇敢的人”，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。

根据Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there父母总是告诉我在那里（悬崖）玩是危险的，可知悬崖不是一个安全的地方，故选C。

（4）通读第二段可知作者跟随Bob去探索海洋，（b）一些石头下来了(a)，他们回不去了，大声呼救，作者害怕了想哭(c)，然后听到了一些声音(e)，一个男士和一个妇女救了他们(d)。

故选B。

（5）推断题。

由开头I did something wrong today.我今天做了一件错事。

和结尾but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again但是他们对我所做的这样一件冒险的事情而感到生气，我道歉并保证再也不做那样的事情了。

得知作者对自己所做的事情感到难过。

故选D。

【点评】考查学生的阅读理解能力。

首先读懂文章，根据问题在文章中找到依据，非常容易能选出正确答案。

3．根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Even in early time, people could realize the importance of dreams and knew that dreams gave meaning to life. Every great achievement has been the result of years of dreaming. If a person has a dream and holds fat to it, he or she will find a way to bring it into reality(现实).
Children do not have much experience or knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers. We should not laugh at them for being naive. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One such dreamer was Thomas Edison He used to be ostracized(排斥)when he was in primary school, but his achievements were greater than everyone else's in his time.
Teenagers and young people should also be encouraged to dream. The world is full of successful teenagers and young people. They dreamt big and their dreams changed their lives and even the world. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are the good examples. They have developed technology and brought great progress to human besides making money for themselves Older people should believe that it is never too late to dream and that human mind is never too old to make dreams tum into reality. Colonel Saunders realized his dreams at the age of 67 and set up the biggest fried chicken company (KFC) in the world. To dream is a wonderful ability which can lead to wonderful results. Olympic records were broken by players who were brave enough to dream. No one is too young or too old to dream and to make dreams come true.
（1）People who ___________ could probably realize their dreams,
A. find a way to dream
B. dream and hold fast to them
C. get the meaning of life
D. have very good school results
（2）Young people should be encouraged to dream because __________.
A. their dreams are natural
B. they are greater than everyone else
C. they have much knowledge
D. their dreams might change the world
（3）What does the example of Colonel Saunders show us?
A. Setting up a big company is a wonderful ability.
B. Developing technology can bring great progress.
C. Even older people can make their dreams come true.
D. People should be brave enough to dream when they are young.
（4）The underlined word "naive" in the passage means" __________ in Chinese.
A. 逆反的
B. 幼稚的
C. 调皮的
D. 冲动的（5）The best title for the passage is __________.
A. From Dream to Reality
B. Good Examples of Dreams
C. Achievements in History
D. A list of Successful Dreamers
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找到一种方法来实现它。

（1）细节题。

根据If a person has a dream and holds fat to it, he or she will find a way to bring it into reality(现实).可知如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找到一种方法来实现它，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据They dreamt big and their dreams changed their lives and even the world.可知们梦想远大，梦想改变了他们的生活，甚至改变了世界。

故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据前句Older people should believe that it is never too late to dream and that human mind is never too old to make dreams tum into reality.可知老年人应该相信，做梦永远不嫌晚，人的心智永远不嫌老，不会让梦想变成现实。

故选C。

（4）推断题。

根据前句Children do not have much experience or knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers.可知孩子们没有多少经验和知识，然而，他们是天生的梦想家。

所以我们不应该嘲笑他们的幼稚，故选B。

（5）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找到一种方法来实现它。

即从梦想到现实，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。

What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.
When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will
be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality.
Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic.
They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.
So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.
（1）What is the passage mainly about?
A. Environmental protection.
B. The world of tomorrow.
C. Advantages of technology.
（2）What do we learn from the passage?
A. Some people think technology development may bring new problems
B. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap.
C. The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even when they become popular.
（3）What is the correct structure of the passage? (P1=Paragraph1)
A. B. C.
（4）What does the underlined word "they" refer to?
A. Car companies.
B. 3D print.
C. Body parts.
（5）We can infer that the writer ________ about the future life with technology.
A. doesn't care
B. feels hopeful
C. feels disappointed
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
（5）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍很多人对2050年对未来世界的两个预测。

私人飞车和3D打印机。

（1）细节理解题。

根据What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.可知本段主要谈论的是未来的世界是什么样子，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality.一些人认为交通管制会有问题。

如果汽车变得流行，很可能会出现空中交通堵塞。

另一个大问题是机械故障。

如果汽车停止工作会发生什么？如果飞车成为现实，这些问题我们必须预料到。

可知科技的发展将会带来新的问题，选项A符合文章内容，故选A；选项C，不符合文字内容，故排除C；The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.可知选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B；综上所述，故选A。

（3）篇章结构题。

根据Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.总说； When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car.和 Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic.分说；So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.总结。

根据文章结构可知：总—分—总，故选A。

（4）代词指代题。

根据下文They build the object layer by layer until it is complete.可知是指上文 3D printers，故选B。

（5）推理判断题。

根据So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.因此，在未来，我们可能会飞到工作或打印出新的鞋。

尽管在这一切成为可能之前还有一些问题需要解决，但我们当然可以梦想一个技术使数百万人的生活更容易、更安全的世界。

可知推知作者对科技未来的生活充满希望，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

5．阅读理解
This year the US will honour(纪念)one of the country's most famous writers-Mark Twain(1835-1910).Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name "Mark Twain" came from?
The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. "Mark Twain" was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms(6 feet) deep. "Twain" is an old-fashioned way of saying "two". Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi(1883).
The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works-who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884).
With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.
On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.
The gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) and its follow-up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call "The Great American Novel".
The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.
（1）What does the underlined word "gift" mean in the passage?
A. Twain's talent for self-teaching.
B. Twain's "local colour" writing style.
C. Twain's good sense of humour.
D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.
（2）According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? A. The deep social meaning. B. The exciting life experiences.
C. The special way that Huck talks.
D. The nice view of the Mississippi.
（3）Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, "Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect."?
A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2.
B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3.
C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4.
D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？
A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.
B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.
C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.
D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。

（1）推断题。

根据Twain wrote in a style that has been called "local colour" because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.可知吐温以一种被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，因为它显示了对当地人及其风俗习惯的深刻了解，所以gift指的是吐温的被称为“地方色彩”的风格写作，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据The most amazing invention in his book is the voice of Huck himself.他书中最惊人的发明是哈克自己的声音，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories.可知马克吐温学历低，并不是来自你期望的作家背景，故选C。

（4）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了著名的作家之一——马克吐温的笔名的来历及他的生活经历给了他写作的极好的素材。

故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。