2015年秋季仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 2 Topic 3导学案

Unit 2 Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu? (总第1课时)
Section A
班级：______________ 学号：_________________ 姓名：_____________
【学习目标】：
1．学习情态动词must 和have to 表示劝告和需要的用法
2．谈论如何预防流感。

【重点难点】Key points 掌握下列句型：
1、Sure, go ahead.
2、What should we do to prevent it?
3、First, we should exercise often to build us up.
4、Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu?
【学法指导】How to study
1. 认真阅读Unit2 Topic3 Section A，并对语言点、难点做出标记；
2. 学习学案，并完成学案上的练习题；
【教学过程】
一、预习指导
1. 勤换衣服_________________
2. 远离_____________
3. 采纳某人的建议___________
4. 预防流感____________________
5. 勤洗手__________________
二、学习对话1a
【分析点拨】
1. May I...?是日常交际中常用的表请求的句型。

在此句型中，“一些”通常用some，而不用any。

e.g.: May I have ______ water, please? 我能喝点水吗？
(1)question意为“问题，疑问”，指较易解决的问题及口头回答的问题，或常指对某事疑惑不解需要寻找答案的问题。

它常与动词ask或answer搭配使用。

e.g.: Can you answer the __________? 你能回答这个问题吗？
(2)problem通常指难以解决的问题，尤指比较困难的问题，如社会、政治和经济等。

与他搭配的动词一般是work out或solve。

e.g.: We must solve the ________ of heavy traffic in Beijing as soon as possible.
我们必须尽快解决北京的交通拥挤问题。

This is a difficult _________ to answer. 这个问题很难回答。

2.ahead (adv.) 意为“在前面(头)”
go ahead (口语)表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为“说吧！”“做吧！”“进行吧！”“干吧！”等e.g.:——May I start now? ——Yes, ______ ________.
——我现在可以开始了吗？——请开始吧！
3. prevent 动词，意为“阻止，阻挠”，可与stop互换使用。

e.g.: Could you give us some advice on ________(prevent) the flu?你能为我们预防流感提些建议吗？prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事这里的from可以省略
=stop .... (from) doing sth. = keep .... from doing sth. (这里的from不能省略)
e.g.: Lucy’s parents tried to ______ her _______ playing computer games.
= Lucy’s parents tried to ______/ ________ her playing computer games.
露西的父母试图阻止她玩电脑游戏
4.build sb./ yourself up 增强....的体质；使更加强壮。

e.g.: You need to do more exercise to _______ _______ ________.你得多锻炼增强体质。

5. all the time 副词短语，意为“一直，始终”，在句中作状语。

e.g.: She kept crying _______ _______ _______. 她一直在哭。

6.keep away from...=stay away from... 意为“远离.....”，后面接名词、代词或动名词，
e.g.:As students, we should ________ ________ _______ smoking and drinking.
作为学生，我们应该远离烟酒。

keep...away from... 意为“让...远离...”
e.g.: You’d better _______ the child _______ _______ the flu.你最好让孩子远离火点。

7. 含有must的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustn’t，而用needn’t或don’t have to。

用don’t have to回答时，有人称和数的变化。

e.g.: —Must we go there at six? —Yes, you ______./ No, you _______/ ________ ______ _____. ——我们必须六点去那里吗？——是的，必须。

/ 不，你不必。

【辨析】must和have to两者都是“必须”的意思
must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须，have to侧重于客观上的必要；
must可用来表示现在和将来的“必须”，无时态变化，have to则可用于各种时态。

e.g.: I know I ________ study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。

My grandma was ill, so I ______ _______ call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我奶奶病了，所以我不得不半夜里把医生请过来。

三、根据1a完成1b，并要注意事情的先后逻辑顺序，懂得用first...second...third...finally
四、句型操练，完成1d
五、听力训练，完成活动2
六、学会如何使用合适的情态动词去表达预防流感，完成活动3
【典题训练】
一、根据汉语提示填空
1.You shouldn’t _______ ________ ________ ________(在网上工作) too long.
2.Parents should ________ their children ________ ________(远离) animals.
3.Must we keep the windows open _______ ________ ________(一直)?
4.We should often open the windows to _______ ________ ________ ________(保持空气清新).
5.First, we should ________ ________(增强体质) our bodies to prevent diseases.
二、单选
( )1.-- May I ask you _______ questions? –Sure. Go on.
A.some
B. any
C. much
D. few.
( )2.–Must we clean the classroom at once? --No, you _______. You may do it after school.
A. mustn’t
B. don’t
C. needn’t
D. don’t have.
( )3.—May I take the book out of the library, Miss Li? --_________.
A. You may not
B. No, you mustn’t
C. I’m afraid not
D. No, you can’t.
( )4. You ________ wash your hands before meals. It is good for your health.
A. may
B.can
C. must
D. need
( )5. parents should keep their children away ________ the dangerous places.
A. on
B. from
C. off
D.in
( )6. She needs to have someone looking after her ________.
A. all the same
B. all the time
C. all times
D. all the times
Unit 2 Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu? (总第2—3课时)
Section B
班级：______________ 学号：_________________ 姓名：_____________
【学习目标】：
1．继续学习打电话的用语。

2．能读懂并会写电话留言。

【重点难点】Key points 掌握下列句型：
1、Could I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?
2、I’m afraid he is busy right now.
3、Please tell my father not to forget the talk tomorrow afternoon.
4、I’ll give him the message myself.
【学法指导】How to study
1. 认真阅读Unit2 Topic3 Section B，并对语言点、难点做出标记；
2. 学习学案，并完成学案上的练习题；
【教学过程】
一、预习指导
1. just a moment ___________
2. ring sb. up___________
3. 告诉某人去做某事_____________
4. 留个口信_____________
5. 给某人捎口信_________________ 9. 现在___________
二、学习对话1a
【分析点拨】
1.Could I speak to...?是打电话常用句型，意为“请让....接电话好吗？”
类似的句子：May / Can I speak to ..., please?
如果要找的人不在，答语常说: I’m afraid/ I’m sorry he isn’t in right now.
如果是本人接的电话，我们可以说This is ...(speaking)/ Speaking.我是...../ 请讲。

2.be afraid to do sth. 含有“害怕其结果而而不敢做......”的意味)。

be afraid of sth.(doing sth.) 害怕某物（做某事.）
be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid that ... 担心......, 担忧......
3.leave a message 留口信leave a message for... 意为“给......留口信”
e.g.: If you can’t find me, you can ______ ______ _______ _______ me on my desk.
如果你找不到我，你可以在我桌子上给我留个口信。

give sb. a message= take a message for sb. 给某人捎口信
e.g.: Can you _____ Dr. Li ______ _______?=Can you _______ ______ _______ _____ Dr. Li?
你能给李医生捎个口信吗？
4.给某人打电话：call sb. =phone sb.=telephone sb.=give sb. a call=give sb. a phone
make a call打个电话call sb. back给某人回个电话。

5.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“要某人(别)做某事”
e.g.: The teacher _______ us to _______ our classroom. 老师要我们打扫教室。

Mother ______ Wang Ping ____ to ______ play football on the street.妈妈叫王平不要在街上踢足球。

类似的结构还有：
ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫/请求某人(不)做某事；order sb.(not) to do sth.命令某人(不要)做某事。

6.myself, yourself...是反身代词，表示某人自身，可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。

e.g.: Don’t hurt ________. 别伤害你自己。

(宾语)
You are not quite ________ today. 今天你好像精神不大好。

(表语)
They ________ do it.他们亲自做此事。

(同位语)
反身代词在实际运用中有许多固定词组。

e.g.: by oneself 亲自for oneself 为了自己help oneself to等。

7.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(事情还没做)
e.g.: I ______ ______ _______ the window when I left this morning.今天早晨离开时我忘记关窗户了。

(窗户没关)
forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(事情已做了)
e.g.: I ______ _______ the window. It was closed when I came into the room.我忘记曾经关过窗户，当我进入房间时，窗户是关着的。

(曾经关过窗户，忘记了)
三、根据1a完成1b、1c，注意英文留言条的格式。

四、听力训练，完成活动2a和2b
【分析点拨】
1.by oneself中oneself是反身代词。

在英语中，表示“我(们)自己、你(们)|自己、他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。

反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

常构成习惯用语，如(all) by oneself, 意为“亲自、独自、单独地”。

e.g.: She learned English all ______ ______.她自学了英语。

2.do some cleaning 打扫卫生
3.help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助做某事
五、语音学习，完成活动3a和3b，注意字母h不发音的情况。

【典题训练】
一、请根据汉语意思完成句子。

1.他可以在白天任何时候打电话给我。

He can ________ _________ _________ at anytime of day.
2.林先生现在很忙，但你可以给他留个口信。

Mr. Lin is very busy now, but you may _______ ________ _______ ________.
3.孩子们自己学会使用电脑。

Children ________ ________ to use the computers.
4.格林博士昨天在我们学校做了预防禽流感的报告。

Dr. Green ________ ________ _________ about preventing the bird flu in our school yesterday. 5.在互联网的帮助下，她寻得了治疗重病的药。

_________ _________ _________ of the Internet, he found some medicine for the serious disease.
二. 单项选择
( )1. –Hello! Who’s that? --This is Jane _______.
A.speak
B. speaks
C. to speak
D. speaking
( )2. Please tell your father _______ me ________.
A. to ring; up
B. rings; up
C. to ring; at
D. rang; up
( )3. Mother told the little boy _______play with fire because it was too dangerous.
A. not to
B. to
C. has to
D. mustn’t
( )4. Ling isn’t ______. Can I take a message _______ him?
A. in; for
B. on; for
C. at; of
D. in; of
( )5. I’m afraid ______ meeting him.
A. of
B. to
C. in
D. at
Unit 2 Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu? (总第4课时)
Section C
班级：______________ 学号：_________________ 姓名：_____________
【学习目标】：
1．继续学习保持健康的日常表达，并学习反身代词的用法。

2．培养阅读能力，能根据阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取所需信息。

【重点难点】Key points 掌握下列句型：
1、You need to have healthy eating habits.
2、But sometimes accidents can happen, so try to stay safe when you play them.
3、It’s necessary for you to learn about first aid.
4、On the other hand, you may feel ill if you are always unhappy.
【学法指导】How to study
1. 认真阅读Unit2 Topic3 Section C，并对语言点、难点做出标记；
2. 学习学案，并完成学案上的练习题；
【教学过程】
一、预习指导
1. 健康的饮食习惯___________
2. 提供足够的能量________________
3. 确保安全_______
4. 使你发胖并不健康___________
5. 另一方面___________________
二、课前小调查，引入课题。

(1a对话阅读前的小活动)
三、学习对话1a
【分析点拨】
1.give a talk 做报告
2.need to do sth. 需要做某事
e.g.: 每个人都需要遵守交通规则。

Everyone _______ ________ obey the traffic rules.
3.try to do sth. 意为“尽力/量去做某事、设法去做某事”
e.g.: We ______ ______ improve our spoken English.我们尽力去提高我们的英语口语。

try doing sth. 意为“试着去做某事”
e.g.: You should _______ ________(eat) more fruit.你应该试着多吃些水果。

4.stay 意为“保持”，相当于keep，后接形容词、介词或名词等表示状态的词。

e.g.: The store _______ open until late on Tuesdays. 这个商店每周四都开到很晚。

stay 可以表示“保留，待”
e.g.: How long will you _______ in Beijing? 你会在北京待多久？
5.It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 中的it是形式主语，动词不定式短语才是真正的主语。

(考试常考)
e.g.: _____ ______ ________ for us _______ learn English well. 学好英语对我们很重要。

6.on the other hand 另一方面(完整结构：on one hand...on the other hand意为“一方面...另一方面”)
e.g.: ___ ____ _____ _____, drinking can cause many illnesses.另一方面，喝酒会带来很多疾病。

7. stay away from sth. 远离某物/某事
e.g.: The teacher tells us ______ _________ _________ rugs.老师告诉我们要远离毒品。

8. say no to sth./sb. 对……说不，拒绝某物/某人say no to doing sth. 拒绝做某事
e.g.: Everyone should _______ _______ _______ wars.
类似短语：say hello to.../ say sorry to.../ say thanks to...等
【辨析】(1) say 说，讲。

着重讲话的内容，指以口头或书面语言表达。

e.g.: What did he ______? 他说什么？
(2) speak 说话；讲演。

一般用作不及物动词；作及物动词时，宾语只能是语言。

e.g.: The baby is ______ to speak. 那小孩正在学讲话。

Do you ______ English?你讲英语吗？
(3) tell 告诉；讲述。

常用于讲故事(story)、真话(the truth)、谎话(lie)；也可以跟双宾语或宾语补足语，tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事；tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要) 做某事
e.g.: Please tell him ______ ______ forget his camera. 告诉他别忘记带他的照相机。

(4) talk 谈话，谈论与介词to, with和about连用
e.g.: They are ________ about soccer. 他们正在谈论足球。

四、根据1a完成1b的图表，并讨论红色的单词的具体含义。

五、完成活动2后，进行写作训练，完成活动3
六、学习反身代词
(1)
(2)
反身代词表示某人自己，它可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。

口诀：反身代词莫乱用，能做句中宾(宾语)、表(表语)、同(同位语)。

主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。

e.g.: You must look after ________ well.(作宾语) 你必须照顾好你自己。

You are not quite _________ today.(作表语) 今天你非常不舒服。

They _________ finished the work.(作同位语) 他们亲自完成了这项工作。

【典题训练】
一. 单项选择
( ) 1.You shouldn’t eat fast food, like ______. It can make you fat and unhappy.
A. potato chips
B. milk
C. meat
D. potato
( ) 2. Please ______ me the truth. Maybe I can help you.
A. speak
B. tell
C. talk
D. say
( ) 3. Watching TV helps us open our mind. _______, it is also bad for our health.
A. Because
B. So
C. And
D. On the other hand
( ) 4. You must do your homework ______.
A. for yourself
B. by you
C. all by yourselves
D. to yourself
( ) 5. Smoking is bad for our health. So we must say ______ to it.
A. yes
B. no
C. sorry
D. hello
二、根据语境和中文提示，完成下列句子。

1.—The traffic in the city is terrible. —Be sure to _____ _______(保证安全)when you cross the road.
2.—If students learn to smoke, they may have high risk of lung disease.
—So they must ______ _______(拒绝) to smoking.
3.—Be careful not to use a lift when the building is on fire.
—Yes, everyone should _______ _______ (了解) first aid.
4.—Dr. Li tells us to be happy is to be healthy.
—I think so. We had better _______ ______ _______(养成好习惯) in life.
5.—I see you play table tennis all the time.
—Yeah. I practice much _______ ________ ________(为了) win the game next week.
Unit 2 Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu? (总第5课时)
Section D
班级：______________ 学号：_________________ 姓名：_____________
【学习目标】：
1．总结本话题的语法----情态动词have to, must 及反身代词的用法和项关语言点。

2．继续讨论如何保持健康。

【重点难点】Key points 掌握下列句型：
1、Must we exercise to prevent the flu?
2、You have to do your homework first.
3、I’ll ring him up later.
4、I’d like to speak to Dr. Li Yuping.
【学法指导】How to study
1. 认真阅读Unit2 Topic3 Section D，并对语言点、难点做出标记；
2. 学习学案，并完成学案上的练习题；
【教学过程】
1.
teach oneself ____________________ help oneself to____________________
hurt oneself____________________ enjoy oneself ____________________
dress oneself____________________ look after oneself ____________________
say to oneself__________________ learn sth. by oneself ___________________
2.用适当的反身代词填空：
1). Last weekend we enjoyed ____________ in the park.
2). The boy is too young to look after ___________________.
3). My brother taught ___________ English on the Internet last year.
4). Be careful with that knife, or you will hurt ____________.
5). I see ______________ in the mirror.
6).“What’s wrong with me?”The man asked _________.
7). Mary often washes her clothes by _________.
8). I bought a new dictionary for __________ yesterday.
9). –Did they finish their work by ___________? –Yes, they did.
10). The cat __________ is washing its face.
二、复习情态动词must/ have to
【语法精讲】
1.情态动词must强调主观看法，意思是“必须，应该”，含有要求、命令之意
e.g.:You ______ finish your homework first. 你必须先完成家庭作业。

2.must的否定式为mustn’t，意为“禁止，不得”
e.g.: He _______ leave here before ten o’clock.十点之前他不得离开这里。

3.must开头的一般疑问句，其否定答语用needn’t/ don’t have to
e.g.: ——______ we hand in our exercises today? ——No, you ______/ _____ ______ _______.
4.must表示必然结果，意为“一定，必定”
e.g.: If you don’t work hard, you ______ fail in the exam.如果你不努力学习，你必定不会通过考试。

5.must表示有把握的推测，意思是“肯定”。

否定推测用can not,缩写为can’t.
e.g.: There ______ _______(be) something wrong with the machine. 那台机器肯定出了故障。

He ______ _______(be) so old. 他不可能那么老。

6.must与have to的用法区别：have/ has to do sth.表示有客观原因因而必须做某事，有被迫之意，可以用于多种时态，而must通常表示由于责任、义务等主观原因而必须做某事。

e.g.: We ________ obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通法则。

My parents aren’t in, I ______ _______ stay at home to look after my sister.
我父母不在家，我得在家照顾妹妹。

三、复习Functions
四、学习对话1a，并完成1b
【分析点拨】
1.the+比较级...,the+比较级... 意为“越...越...”，前后由两个倒装句构成。

前句为一般现在时，后句使用一般将来时。

这种句式用来表示一方的程度随着另一方程度平行增长。

e.g.: The _____, the ______. 越多越好。

2.stop doing sth. “停止做某事”，表示停止正在做的事情。

e.g.: Stop ______(talk). Please listen to the teacher carefully in class.停止讲话，请认真听老师讲课。

stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事”，表示停下正在做的事而去做另一件事。

e.g.: He stopped ______ _______(talk) with my father.他停下来去和我老爸谈话。

3.instead of 意为“代替，作为...的替换”
e.g.: Now I can walk to work _____ ______ going by car.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。

【典题训练】
一. 单选
( )1.—May I put my car here? –No, you ________. You should put it over there.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. shouldn’t
( )2. –May I smoke here? –No, _____________.
A. you mustn't
B. you may not
C. you’d better not
D. all the above
( )3. –Do you teach __________ at home at weekends, Lucy and Lily? –Yes, we do.
A. you
B. your
C. yourselves
D. yourself
( )4. We should keep away ________ the fire because it is dangerous for us.
A. to catch
B. from
C. with
D. for
( )5. Now Sally very well. Nobody taught her. She __________.
A. taught herself
B. taught her
C. learned herself
D. learned from her ( )6. Mom! Uncle Wang ________ just now.
A. ring up you
B. rang up you
C. rang you up
D. rings you up.
( )7. My bike is broken. I _________ walk to school.
A. have to
B. must
C. has to
D. needn’t
( )8. The teachers often tell us ____________ late for class.
A. to be
B. be
C. not to be
D. not be
( )9. Help ______ to some fish, Jeff.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
( )10.—What’s the matter with your sister?—She broke the glass and hurt_____.
A. herself
B. yourself
C. her
D. it。