英语专题复习--动词不定式 学案

中考专题复习--动词不定式学案
中考专题--动词不定式编号21 出题人时间年月日班级姓名
中考要求：（学习目标：）
动词不定式（不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）
动词不定式
一．构成：to do 否定形式： not to do
二．用法：
1. 作宾语：
①以下动词常接动词不定式作宾语：choose/ agree/ expect/ hope/ decide / learn/ prefer / pretend / know / wish /want /would like / love / forget /remember / afford /try / choose / used /fail / need / plan+ to do
例：I’d love to visit Mexico.
②动词find, think, make 接动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式作真正的宾语放在句末。

★主语 +find / make /think +it+adj + to do....
例：I find it difficult to remember everything.
③常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式：
Why not do…，had better(not)do …,would rather do,could/would/will you please (not)do…
例：I would rather stay at home.
④不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how，why等构成不定式短语作宾语。

可跟此结构的动词有ask，decide，find out，forget, know, learn, remember, tell，wonder等。

例：I don’t know what to write about.
Please tell us how to do it.
2.作宾语补足语：
①以下动词常接动词不定式作宾语补足语：ask, allow,advise,expect, suppose, invite, encourage，teach, tell, want, wish, would like / love
例：His parents tell him not to drive after drinking
②有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。

这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，notice）、半帮助（help后即可接动词不定式，也可接省略to的不定式）
例：This picture makes me feel tense！
Using email English helps you write / to write quickly.
3.用作状语（目的状语）（有时可放在句首表强调。

）
例：A group of young people got together to(in order to ) discuss this question.
To catch the first bus，he got up at five o’clock.
展：（5分钟）
检：（12分钟）
中考试题分析——走向河北中考
1.（2010年）I’d like you _____ for a picnic with us. A. go B. to go C. going D. went
2.（2011年）Whenever you have a chance____ English . You should take it.
A speak
B to speak
C speaks
D spoke
3. （2012年）__________a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.
A. To find
B. Find
C. To write
D. Write
4. (2013年)The children decide _____ their school yard this Friday afternoon.
A. clean
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
5.（2014年）Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you.
A. accept
B. to accept
C. say
D. to say
6.(2015年）－It's important for us to know _________ all the subjects.
－Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A.how to study
B. when to study
C. which to study
D. what to study
7.（年） on time, to, remember, arrive
____________________________________________.
课后反思：
课后拓展：（将下列含有不定式的英文谚语翻译成汉语）
1.A faithful friend is hard to find.
2. Each bird loves to hear himself sing.
3. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.
4. Eat to live, but not live to eat.
5. It is easier to getmoney to keep it.
6. It is easy to open a shop but hard tokeep it always open.
7. It is hard to please all.
8. It is never too old to learn.
9. Not to advance is yo go back.
10. To know everything is to know nothing.
11. To know oneself is true progress.
12. To save time is to lengthen life.1. 知音难觅。

2. 孤芳自赏（自鸣得意）
3. 早睡早起
4. 吃饭是为了活着，不是为了吃饭而活。

5. 挣钱容易存钱难。

6. 创业容易守业难。

7. 取悦各方，谈何容易（众口难调）
8. 学无止境（活到老、学到老）
9. 没有进步就等于是后退。

（不进则退）
10. 样样通、样样松（什么都知，不如不知）
11. 人贵有自知之名
12. 节约时间就是延长生命。

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．2019年2月20日，中央宣传部授予北京榜样优秀群体“时代楷模”称号。

时代楷模充分体现“爱国、敬业、诚信、友善”的价值准则。

某网站正在开展以“向时代楷模学习”为主题的英语征文活动。

假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你该怎么做，以及这样做的意义。

提示词语：pick up, rubbish, study, honest, important
提示问题：● What should you do in your daily life? ● Why do you do so?
As a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models.
【答案】例文
As a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models. First, we can protect the environment. For example, we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on. Second, we shall respect people around us. Respect others to start from small things. Third, behave well. We should be kind to others, warm-hearted to everyone, and generous to our friends. By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful.
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开头，具体写出怎样做以及这样做的意义。

例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，人称用的是第一人称复数形式，时态主要用的是一般现在时，描述具体怎么做时，描写细致，条理清晰。

高分亮点：
短语：protect the environment；pick up the rubbish；behave well；be kind to sb；more and
more beautiful。

句型：By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful；we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on。

3．假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。

要点提示如下:（1）几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞（do square dancing）。

（2）从那时起，奶奶
喜欢上了广场舞。

（3）现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友。

（4）有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡。

（5）你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但……
要求：（1）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

（2）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

Boys and girls,
I’m very happy to speak here and I’d like to talk about my grandma.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
【答案】Boys and girls,
I’m very happy to speak here and I’d like to talk about my grandma.
A few months ago, my grandma went to do square dancing after supper. Since then, she has been in love with square dancing. Now, she is much healthier than before. What’smore, she has a lot of friends. However, some neighbors have a complaint against the people who do square dancing. They think that the music is so loud that they can’t fall asleep at night.
In my opinion, people can do square dancing because it is a good way to keep healthy. But they should think about the feelings of others and they shouldn’t make a lot of noise.
That’s all. Thank you!
【解析】
这是一篇给材料作文，根据要点提示写一篇学校英语兴趣小组的活动中的发言稿。

要注意随着文章推进时态的变化，一开始应该选择一般过去时，而后面应该选用一般现在时，最后表达自己观点的时候也应该使用一般现在时。

人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致关系，构思文章框架，列举出可能会用到的好词好句，记住千万不能漏写信息要点。

参考词汇就是必用词汇，一定要运用到文章当中。

在写作中注意运用恰当的连词，使文章更加顺畅，自然。

4．书面表达
根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。

生活中常常会发生一些意外的事，但每个人处理事情的方式不同。

有些人冷静温和地处理，有些人简单粗暴地对待。

当你与人发生冲突时，你会如何处理呢？请你写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的经历与看法。

内容包括：
1. 请你简单叙述一次与别人发生冲突的经历；
2. 你认为该如何正确处理日常生活中发生的冲突（至少两点建议）；
3. 呼吁大家友好相处。

作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。

2. 语句连贯，词数80左右。

作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

Life is full of the unexpected, ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Life is full of the unexpected. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, a schoolmate and I hit into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then we started shouting, and it turned into a terrible quarrel. To be honest, it was neither my fault n or the schoolmate’s, only because we both cared too much about winning and losing. That made me feel shameful.
In our daily lives, we should deal with these quarrels properly. Firstly, try to be friendly to each other. Secondly, we should communicate more and put ourselves in other’s place. Don’t be a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.
It’s very important to get on well with each other. Let’s build a friendly, peaceful and safe society together and make our life better and better.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如full of，during the basketball game，each other，try to do，turn into，to be honest，neither…nor，care about，too much，deal with等。

而固定句型It’s very important to get on well with each other.和Don’t be a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

5．书面表达
86.某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。

请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

（1）父母规矩太多，不允许晚上出去，过于强调学习成绩，不理解自己。

（2）你应该理解父母，他们是爱孩子的，希望孩子前程似锦。

（3）你与父母保持良好关系的做法：努力学习，听父母话。

（4）……（至少一条）。

要求：
（1）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

（2）文中不得出现真实的姓名与校名。

（3）词数：80～100个。

（4）短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数。

How to keep a good relationship with parents
In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me...
【答案】How to keep a good relationship with parents
In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. My parents never allow me to go out with my friends at night. They don’t allow me to choose my own clothes, either. And they pay too much attention to my exam results. I think my parents don’t quit e understand me.
However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure, I know that it is because they really love me and want me to have a bright future.
In order to keep a good relationship with my parents, I study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework.
【解析】
【详解】
某英文报社正就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为“How to keep a good relationship with parents”的征文活动。

请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

注意文中用第一人称书写；2.时态以一般现在时为主；3.体裁为说明文，可稍加评论；4.合理想象，发表你对压力的看法；5.语句通顺。

意思连贯；
【点睛】
本文语句通顺，段落分明。

文中用到了一些好的句型：However, I try my best to understand them. Although they don’t allow me to make my own decisions and give me too much pressure,这里给文章增色不少。

6．扬州市“五个一百工程” 英语经典文学(English classics)阅读正在全市各地各校全面而深入地推进，这提高了扬州学子的人文科学素养，并促进了他们的终身发展。

某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据以下问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。

1. Do you think reading English classics is necessary? Why? (Give 3 reasons)
2. How do you usually take part in the activity of reading English classics? (Give 3 examples, e.g.
take part in the Reading Club, take notes while reading…… )
3. What’s your advice for the students who are weak in English? (Give 1-2 opinions)
要求 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2）必须包括问题中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。

With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has had a
discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. 【答案】With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has
had a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics.
I think reading English classics is not only necessary but also important. First, we can learn a lot
about Western history and culture by reading. Second, by reading classics we can enlarge our
vocabulary and improve our writing. Finally, it can help us with our lifelong learning. So I often
spend my free time reading English classics.
I am in the Reading Club. And I often take notes while reading. What’s more, I sometimes ask the
teacher for help if I have difficulty reading books.
If some students are weak in English, they can read the short and easy English stories at the very
beginning. Well begun is half done. Next, they should keep reading and never give up. Then their
English will be improved little by little.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇要求关于某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据问
题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。

动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然
后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料
中给出的要点。

根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态，注意标点符号及
大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。

注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。

7．书面表达
以下是你校校刊YOUTH中YOUR VOICE栏目的征稿内容，请根据提示，用英语写一篇短
文，表达你的想法。

Hi,
I’m David, the editor of YOUTH. We all know the exchange students are going back to the US soon.
We would like to give them some traditional Chinese things as gifts, such as Chinese paintings,
silk, tea …Today I would like to collect some ideas. In your article, you should:
recommend two traditional Chinese things
show your reasons why you recommend them
Looking forward to hearing from you.
David
注意事项：
1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当发挥。

2. 要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境；
3. 词数在90个左右，感谢信的首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数；
4. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am glad to share my opinion with you.____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I am glad to share my opinion with you. I would like to recommend Chinese paintings as a gift because Chinese paintings have a long history. What’s more, they are quite different from the ones in the US. Foreign friends can learn more about Chinese art from them.
The second gift I want to recommend is silk scarves. Silk is a symbol of our great culture and popular among Chinese people. It feels very soft and comfortable. Why not buy them some silk scarves?
I believe the exchange students will like the two gifts and always remember the moments with us.【解析】
【详解】
本文主要是向别人分享想法，推荐礼物。

第一句话点题，随后引出文章的两个主题，一· recommend two traditional Chinese things。

例如：I would like to recommend Chinese paintings as a gift because Chinese paintings have a long history. 以及The second gift I want to recommend is silk scarves.二· show your reasons why you recommend them。

理由一：because Chinese paintings have a long history. What’s more, they are quite different from the ones in the US. 理由二：Silk is a symbol of our great culture and popular among Chinese people. It feels very soft and comfortable.最后用I believe the exchange students will like the two gifts and always remember the moments with us总结全篇。

文章干净利落，层次分明。

8．今年初《流浪地球》在中国火热上映。

影片故事设定在2075年，讲述太阳即将毁火，已经不适合人类生存，而面对绝境，人类将开启“流浪地球”计划，试图带着地球一起逃离太阳系，寻找人类新家园的故事。

影片多次提到“希望”。

比如，老师问:希望是什么?班长
回答:希望是我们这个年代钻石一样的东西。

你的笔友Demon观看后，印象深刻，给你写了一封邮件。

请你根据邮件内容结合你的情况，用英语回复。

注意：1.词数90左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数;
2.回复必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺;
3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。

Dear Demon
I'm glad that you like the film. Indeed, I have learned a lot from it as
well.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Please write to me and tell me your view.
Yours,
LiHua
【答案】Dear Demon，
I'm glad that you like the film. Indeed, I have learned a lot from it as well. In school, I also encounter some problems, the biggest problem is how to strike a balance between study and life. Whenever I want to play and don't want to study, I will think of the Chinese people who never give up in the film wandering Earth, who will inspire me to study hard.
In life, my English teacher has the greatest influence on me. Whenever I have a great need, my English teacher always comes to help me. She is the person who helps me the most in my junior high school life at the beginning of three years. . I like her very much and thank her even more.
I think hope is the driving force of all, as long as there is hope, there will be motivation, it is possible to succeed. What do you think?
Please write to me and tell me your view.
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇书信作文。

根据所给出的材料内容可知文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称主要用第一、第三人称。

首先要注意书信的书写格式，要对来信中的问题作出全面的答复。

同时在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。

同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。

【点睛】
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，不要出现语法错误。

最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。

9．假如你是韩梅，你的一位英国笔友Kate发来电子邮件，说她下星期来中国，她向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪。

请你根据下面提示给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关情况。

词数80～100。

提示：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；2.不要用筷子敲碗；3.不要将手伸到饭桌对面夹菜；
4.等大家都到齐了才开始吃；
5.为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯……
Dear kate，
I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the Chinese table manners.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________
Yours,【答案】Dear Kate,
I’m glad to receive your email. Now I want to tell you something about the chinese table manners. In China. the h ost or hostess doesn’t eat every dish first until the guests and elders begin. You can’t tap bowls with the chopsticks. You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat. You can eat until everyone is at the table. Besides, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.
Welcome to China!
Yours,
Han Mei 【解析】
【详解】
本文是书信写作，注意书信写作格式，开头与结尾。

把自己当做韩梅，切不可在文中出现自己的真实名字等信息。

要求根据内容要点来写作。

学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。

在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。

写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。

高分句型：In China.在中国。

the host or hostess doesn’t eat every dish first until the guests and elders begin.在客人和长辈开始用餐之前，主人不会先把每道菜都吃完。

You shouldn’t reach across the table or in front of someone to get something to eat.你不应该越过桌子或在别人面前拿东西吃。

Besides, you should toast longevity, good health or success of the host or hostess.此外，你应该为主人的长寿、健康或成功干杯。

【点睛】
注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型,避免出现汉语表达。