铁路施工常用英文词汇

铁路施工常用英文词汇
核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture
路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade
预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance
反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm
石灰砂桩lime sand pile
换土change soil；soil replacement
爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting
抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones
路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut
定向爆破directional blasting
浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting
深孔爆破deep hole blasting
洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting
扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting
抛掷爆破pin-point blasting
松动爆破blasting for loosening rock
药壶爆破pot hole blasting
裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting
路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut
堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting
路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting
弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank
挡土墙retaining wall 铁路施工常用英文词汇1
重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall
衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall
锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall
加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall
锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods
管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall
沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall
抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile
护墙guard wall tielu 铁路施工
护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching
排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch
边沟；侧沟side ditch
天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch
吊沟suspended ditch
跌水hydraulic drop
截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain
急流槽chute
排水槽drainage channel
渗水暗沟blind drain
渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel
渗井leaching well；seepage well
渗管leaky pipe
平孔排水horizontal hole drainage
反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole
砂井；排水砂井sand drain
隔断层insulating course；insulating layer
透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment
渗水路堤immerseable embankment
排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker
坡面防护slope protection
护岸revetment；shore protection
导流堤diversion dike
拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree
落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks
柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine
固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation
挡风墙wind-break wall
防风栅栏wind break fence
砂土液化sand liquefaction
中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading
桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge
桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum
换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load
设计荷载design load
主力principal load
恒载dead load
土压力earth load
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
浮力buoyancy
列车活载live load of train
列车离心力centrifugal force of train
列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train
冲击系数ceofficient of impact
人行道荷载sidewalk loading
附加力subsidiary load；secondary load
列车制动力braking force of train
列车牵引力tractive force of train
风荷载wind load
列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train
流水压力pressure of water flow
冰压力ice pressure
冻胀力frost heaving force
特殊荷载particular load
船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft
地震力seismic force
地震烈度earthquake intensity
地震震级earthquake magnitude
施工荷载constructional loading
荷载组合loading conbination
铁路桥railway bridge
公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge
跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover
高架桥viaduct
旱桥dry bridge
人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge
圬工桥masonry bridge
钢桥steel bridge
铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge
栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge
全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge
摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt
扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot
螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator
混凝土桥concrete bridge
钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge
预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge
先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder
后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder
部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge
结合梁桥composite beam bridge
低高度梁shallow girder
无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper
型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder
简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge
连续梁桥continuous beam bridge
悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge
板桥slab bridge
空心板桥hollow slab bridge
板梁plate girder
工形梁I-beam
箱形梁box girder
槽形梁trough girder
桁架truss
拆装式桁架demountable truss
刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge
斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge
悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge
悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge
斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge
浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge
拱桥arch bridge
固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch
双铰拱two-hinged arch
三铰拱three-hinged arch
实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch
空腹拱open-spandrel arch
双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch
系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch
榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie
洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders
尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge
尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders
活动桥movable bridge
竖旋桥bascule bridge
平旋桥swing bridge
升降桥lift bridge
正交桥right bridge
斜交桥skew bridge
曲线桥curved bridge
曲梁curved beam
特大桥super maior bridge
大桥major bridge
中桥medium bridge
小桥minor bridge
单线桥single track bridge
双线桥double track bridge
多线桥multi-track bridge
正桥；主桥main bridge
引桥approach spans
上承式桥deck bridge
半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge
双层桥double-deck bridge
永久性桥permanent bridge
临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge
跨径；跨度span
净跨clear spam
桥梁全长overall length of bridge
桥下净空underneath clearance
主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder
节间长度panel length
梁高depth of girder
拱度camber
挠度deflection
节间panel
锚跨；锚孔anchor span
悬跨；吊孔suspended span
桥梁上部结构superstructure
腹板web plate
翼缘flange
翼缘板flange plate
弦杆chord member
腹杆web member
斜杆diagonal member
竖杆vertical member
吊杆suspender hanger
加劲杆stiffener
节点panel point
节点板gusset plate
拼接板splice plate
缀条lacing bar
缀板stay plate；tie plate
侧向水平联结系lateral bracing
横联sway bracing
制动撑架braking bracing
桥门架portal frame
纵梁stringer
横梁floor beam；transverse beam
桥面系floor system
端横梁end floor beam
起重横梁jacking floor beam
梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change
应变时效strain ageing
碳当量carbon equivalent
钢丝steel wire
钢丝束bundled steel wires
钢绞线steel strand
钢筋reinforcement；steel bar
箍筋stirrup
纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement
弯起钢筋bent-up bar
架立钢筋erection bar
构造钢筋constructional reinforcement
预应力筋tendon
套管sheath
梁腋haunch
拱圈arch ring
拱肋arch rib
拱顶rach crown
拱矢rise of arch
起拱点springing
拱腹soffit
拱腹线intrados
拱背钱extrados
桥塔bridge tower；pylon
索平面cable plane
缆索cable
斜缆stay cable；inclined cable
吊缆suspension cable
索鞍cable saddle
索夹cable band；cable clamp
锚座socket
锚碇anchorage
明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough
道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor
桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge
桥梁护木guard timber of bridge
桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper
桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge
步行板foot plank
避车台refuge platform
伸缩缝expansion joint
正交异性板orthotropic plate
栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing
泻水孔drainage opening
直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders
抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector
支座bearing
固定支座fixed bearing
活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing
平板支座plate bearing
摇轴芝座rocker bearing
滚轴支座roller bearing
球面支座spherical bearing
板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing
盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing
聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing
涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation
弛振galloping
颤振flutter
扰流板spoiler
风嘴wind fairing
桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge
浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating
架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment
顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching
拖拉架设法launching method
赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding
悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion
悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork
悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete
预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members
活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller
桥梁合龙closure
就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method
活动吊篮travelling cradle
顶进法jack-in method
旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method
液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack
桥梁下部结构substructure
桥台abutment
重力式桥台gravity abutment
埋置式桥台buried abutment
锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutment
U形桥台U-shaped abutment
耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall
台身abutment body
前墙front wall
台帽abutment coping
翼墙wing wall
锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking
台后填方filling behind abutment
桥墩pier
空心桥墩hollow pier
实体桥墩solid pier
重力式桥墩gravity pier
柔性桥墩flexible pier
拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units
制动墩braking pier
柱式桥墩column pier
V形桥墩V-shaped pier
圆端形桥墩round-ended pier
圆形桥墩circular pier
矩形桥墩rectangular pier
排架式桥墩pile bent pier
墩身pier body；pier shaft
墩帽pier coping
围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment
承台bearing platform
破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard
地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade
加固地基improved foundation；improved ground
天然地基natural foundation；natural ground
桥梁基础bridge foundation
扩大基础spread foundation
明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation
沉井基础open caisson foundation
浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation
沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson
围堰cofferdam
双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation
泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson
空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson
沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation
管柱基础tubular column foundation
桩基础pile foundation
预制桩precast pile
就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile 螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile
摩擦桩friction pile
支承桩bearing pile
钻孔桩bored pile
挖孔桩dug pile
钢桩steel pile
钢管桩steel pipe pile
钢板桩steel sheet pile
板桩sheet pile
木桩timber pile
钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile
砂桩sand pile
挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile
流砂quick sand；drift sand
送桩pile follower
试桩test pile
斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile
护筒pile casting
重锤夯实法heavy tamping method
灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping
灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure
丁坝；挑水坝spur dike
顺坝longitudinal dam
河床铺砌river bed paving
码头wharf
排架bent
脚手架scaffold
悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold
铁路涵洞railway culvert
涵洞孔径aperture of culvert
管涵pipe culvert
箱涵box culvert
拱涵arch culvert
盖板涵slab culvert
无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert
压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert
半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert
明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain
倒虹吸管inverted siphon
潮汐河流tidal river
淤积silting；siltation
流冰ice drift
铁路轮渡railway car ferries
轮渡站ferry station
轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge
渡轮ferry boat
轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip
铁路隧道railway tunnel
山岭隧道mountain tunnel
越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel
水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel
地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel
浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel
单线隧道single track tunnel
双线隧道double track tunnel
多线隧道multiple track tunnel
车站隧道station tunnel
地铁车站subway station；metro station
特长隧道super long tunnel
长隧道long tunnel
中长隧道medium tunnel
短隧道short tunnel
隧道群tunnel group
地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering
洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening
隧道进口tunnel entrance
隧道出口tunnel exit
迎坡；正面坡front slope
洞门tunnel portal
洞门框tunnel portal frame
端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal
柱式洞门post tunnel portal
翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal
耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal
台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal
正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal
斜洞门skew tunnel portal
明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal
衬砌lining
拱圈arch
边墙side wall
仰拱invert；inverted arch
底板floor
整体式衬砌integral lining
装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining
模筑衬砌moulded lining
洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section
偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining 组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining
初期支护primary support
二次衬砌secondary lining
隔离层isolation layer
喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining
下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining
挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining
隔热层thermal insulation layer
明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery
拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery
棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery
路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery
半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery
抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery
盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery
刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery
悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery
隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel
围岩surrounding rock
围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock
地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure
松弛压力relaxation pressure
形变压力deformation pressure
围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock
坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel
弹性抗力elastic resistance
灌浆压力grouting pressure。