高考阅读 逆向思考法--不看正确选项,寻找错误答案

高考阅读逆向思考法－－不看正确选项，寻找错误答案
错觉－－约瑟夫哈利南－－如果你不想转身就忘，那你就记住它的意义吧。

记得意义，而不记得细节
记得部分，而非记得全部
把没有意义的变得有意义，把割裂的部分变成规律的整体
大脑倾向于复杂的事情简单化给出数字概念－－分6个知识层次
巴黎人画地图－变直的塞纳河
从高考出题人的角度去思考题目选项的设置－－
正确的答案往往是没法解释为什么是正确的，因为那是牵扯到语言最本质的同意转换；
但错误选项的设置是有着很强的规律可循的，因为考官的选项设置是按照一定的规律而来的，所以只要按照一定的思路洞悉了错误选项出现的规律就能更好的帮助考生了解阅读；
1 五大题型中推断题选项错误特点：（推断题是高考阅读选择题中频率最高的类型）
无中生有
张冠李戴
答非所问
细节误差－more than 100 books 变成100 books 细节性错误；（偷换概念）
以偏概全
我妹妹昨天结婚了，我弟弟也参加了昨天的婚礼；
我妹妹昨天步入了婚姻的殿堂；
我妹妹昨天怎么了？
错误选项：
我妹妹的丈夫是个美国人－无中生有
我弟弟昨天结婚了！
我妹妹前天结婚了！
（2011·山东卷）A
Arthur Miller(1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary, drawn like so many others by the“ Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.
1. Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?
A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.·
C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D. His family business failed.－－his family business was ruined
Millers' s most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American
system ,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.
2.The play Death of a Salesman
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world
B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company
C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller
D. focuses on the skills in doing business
In Willy Loman , the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.
典型的张冠李戴错误
3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?
A. He treats his employer badly.
B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system.
D.He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
（2011·安徽卷）D
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
典型以偏概全错误
1. What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?
A. How the Irish fought against the English.
B. How Ireland gained independence.
C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.
D.How two “Irelands” came into being.
2011·重庆卷）D
William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.
1. Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?
A. It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter.
B. It was shocked by Yeats’s choice.
C. It was a typically wealthy family.
D.It had an artistic atmosphere.
2011年四川卷d
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story ，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
画图来解决这对逻辑关系：
3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described. 细节错误
The five councils (Edinburgh. East Lothian. West Lothian. Midlethian and Borders) face fine around $18million a year from 2013 if they don’t in crease recycling levels and rely less on landfill. With this in mind, the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.
2. The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to .
A. reduce the cost of burying waste
B. meets the EU requirements
C. speed up waste recycling
D. tempter landfill sites
（2011·山东卷）D
典型以偏概全
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
1. BCI is a technology that can _________.
A. help to update computer systems
B. link the human brain with computers
C. help the disabled to recover
D. control a person's thoughts
正确答案的特点：
词性转换
同近义词
双否改写
概括总结。