高中英语选择性必修一 ：用适当的单词完成短文类试题专项练习(含答案)

高中英语2023高考复习
选择性必修一用适当的单词完成短文类试题专项练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Peer pressure can influence how people dress, ____1____ music they like and how they behave. Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in and ____2____ (accept), which means peer pressure can be hard to resist. People who are unsure of themselves may seek their peers’ approval by ____3____ (choose) the wrong path. In one study, a student who knew the correct answer gave the wrong answer just ____4____ others gave the wrong answer a nd he didn’t want to be different. What can people do ____5____ (avoid) peer pressure The most important thing is to build up self-confidence. It’s also a good idea to surround themselves with people ____6____ don’t make fun of them.
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A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for
___7___(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___8___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___9___(final) been
acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene
___10___(declare) she had no plans ___11___(retire) from her
36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___12___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to,
___13___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___14___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___15___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s _____16_____(wonder).”
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A toy animal might not matter much to the average person,
____17____ for a child, it could mean the world. When 10 year old Leon Ashworth’s mom couldn’t afford ____18____ (buy) him a toy panda he ____19____ (bad) wanted, he wrote a pitiful note on the toy’s box begging other ____20____ (shopper) not to buy it. What
happened next____21____ (be) so heartwarming that it would melt you.
The boy, Leon Ashworth, ____22____ lives in Liverpool, England with his mom, first saw his beloved “Pandy” at an Asda supermarket. Though he was willing to wait with ____23____ (patient) until his mom____24____ (pay) on Jun e 15th, the store’s staff decided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed Leon’s note. They decided to buy it for him.
____25____ search of the young author, whom they didn’t know at the time, they posted the note on Facebook and eventually attracted the attention of Debbie Ashworth, who immediately recognized her son’s handwriting. The Asda crew invited the mom and her son back to the store, and had a wonderful surprise for them. “This is _____26_____ best day of my life, ” Leon said to his mom excitedly．
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Today, let’s begin with note-taking techniques. Note-taking is an important skill not only for taking classes, ____27____ for doing your job in the future. I’d like to draw your attention to certain points about taking notes.
First, ____28____(remember) that note-taking should be 75% listening and only 25% writing, so don’t try ____29____ (write) down
every single word the teacher says. Ignore what is ____30____ (importance) and write in phrases not complete sentences. Second, leave spaces and lines between main ideas.You may want to add some ____31____ (inform) later. I find that some of you are good at making use ____32____ color, mapping web and symbols such as arrows, circles and boxes. I highly recommend these tools to all of you, because the use of them makes the outline
____33____(easy) readable and interesting than the blocks of text. It also makes sure that important words stand ____34____. At the same time, please take notes with your own pattern, ____35____ can be more familiar and visually remembered than the text.
Here _____36_____ (be) some examples......
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My friend Brett had just got a motorbike and a lot of other kids in my neighborhood knew how to ride. I also wanted to ride, but all the guys told me I couldn’t do____37____ because I was a girl. I decided ____38____ (prove) them wrong, so Brett let me try his bike. It wasn't one minute ____39____ I fell off. He came over to see if I was okay, but then started laughing.
That night I told my dad the whole story about how I wanted to be as good as the boys. He asked____40____ much I really wanted to
learn and I told him I had wanted to ride for a year. A few days later my dad told me he ____41____ (find) a nice bike at a reasonable price. He brought it home. My dad spent four weeks teaching me everything____42____ I needed to know about the bike and the basics of riding. No one____43____ (true) believed I could learn to ride except my dad. Day after day he worked with me, and I began to make progress. It meant so much to me that he would take time ____44____ his busy schedule to help me fulfill this dream.
My dad taught me so much that will stay with me for the rest of my life,____45____ (include) that I shouldn’t let othe rs put me down. I also learned that I can do anything with enough
_____46_____(determine) and practice. I would have never achieved my dream of learning how to ride a motorbike without my dad.
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Just as Aristotle put it, “We are what we ____47____ (repeated) do.” In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of choices ____48____ we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for ____49____ (teenager). That’s because bad habits, if not corrected, will have a bad effect on our adult life. To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use
____50____ the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First, we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad
habit cycles and ____51____ (try) to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we ____52____ (reward) by our actions.
Of course, bad habits, once ____53____ (form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others mig ht try many times until they succeed. If we can’t succeed straight away, don’t become pessimistic. As ____54____ matter of fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As a Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousan d miles ____55____ (begin) with a single step.” As long as we continue taking small steps, we are sure _____56_____ (get) rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.
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When I was 4, I wanted to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it’s a normal request, but I would walk into Disney World. I was born three months premature, and because of this, I have cerebral palsy (脑瘫). It is a condition ____57____ doesn’t allow me to walk on my own. Even so, my dad and I had a detailed plan.
Over the next three years or so, I worked with physical therapists, acquired a walker and practiced walking, standing and balancing—all skills that I would need to turn my goal ____58____ a
reality.
Then I went, walking so slowly at first, then gradually ____59____ (speed) up, comforted and encouraged by all my friends and family.
I lost my balance, bumping into something. Luckily, we ____60____ (practice)and planned for this type of situation in advance. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all of my six-year-old strength, picked up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn’t too long ____61____ cheers came because I had made it to the end, ____62____ my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready ____63____ (hug)her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty
____64____ (essence). Every once in a while, life will throw a few
____65____ (bump)in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don’t let it stop you. Pick yourself up after you have fallen and go on walking. It’s worth ____66____ . Besides, there just might be someone cheering you on along the way.
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William Campbell, Satoshi ōmura and Tu Youyou join tly won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work against parasitic diseases. 85-year-old Tu ____67____（award）this prize for
her contribution to___68___（reduce）the death rate of malaria（疟疾）, minimizing patients" suffering and promoting mankind's health. This is ____69____science is all about.
As a matter of fact, Tu has won some attention when she ____70____（get）the Lasker Award in 2011. But there is no way to compare her popularity ___71___the attention she is receiving today. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of the ___72___（nature）science award, Tu's winning ___73___（complete）surprised Chinese people, who had long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for work ____74____（carry）out within China. She has spent 40 years’ time on scientific research. Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later, it is definitely one of ____75____most privileged rewards that recognize Tu's_____76_____（devote）and perseverance in discovering artemisinin（青蒿素）. Her
record-breaking winning is a reminder that science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get.
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空。

Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____77____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____78____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____79____ (see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone's personality and might lend to losing friends.
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China's first artificial intelligence ( AI) textbook for high school students___80___(bring)out last week, following a plan by central government___81___(include)AI courses in primary and secondary schools. The nine-chapter textbook,___82___( name) ''Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence'', was written by
outstanding___83___(scholar) from well-known schools nationwide, under the joint efforts by he research center for MOOC at East China Normal University and AI startup Sense Time. It includes the history of AI and how the technology can be applied in areas such as facial recognition, auto driving and public security.
''The textbook focuses not only on basics of AI, but
on___84___(practice)use of AI in daily life, '' said Chen. Yukun , a professor at East China Normal University,___85___is also a contributor to the book.
Up till now, about 40 high schools across
country___86___(undertake) the task of being the first group of the AI high education pilot program___87___introducing the textbook in the curriculum. ''The AI sector is facing a talent
shortage___88___(global).The publication of the book
is____89____breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the 'Ivory tower' and makes it part of high school learning , '' said Lin Dahua , a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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In mid-September in 2022, to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-shiung, ____90____ global online conference was held to mark this anniversary. Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China or in the United States, ____91____ she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ____92____ the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Wu’s father, Wu Zhongyi, received a modern ____93____ (educate) in Shanghai, and in 1913,
____94____ (found) the first school for girls in Taicang. He aimed
____95____ (break) the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents.
The father, absorbing the merits of Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, had the most profound influence ____96____ Wu Chien-shiung’s life. She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao. Working in the scientific world dominated by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards even if ____97____ (unequal) treated. During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great
____98____ (achievement) won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”. She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society, and the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics ____99____ (give) by the US National Academy of Sciences.
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Responsibility is something that needs to be earned. If you want to be treated like a responsible person, you need to learn to live like one. If you are struggling in this area, here is ____100____ you can work towards it.
No gossip (说长道短). If you are to be known as a responsible
person, you need to stay out ____101____ other people’s business. The information you have acquired from hearing gossip can be tough to keep to ____102____ (you) at times. That’s just human nature. If you talk about a third person to someone, he may feel that you may talk behind his back as well, ____103____ means you lose the person’s trust.
No excuses. Making excuses ____104____ (provide) short-term comfort, but it holds you back from growing and improving, and from avoiding similar ____105____ (mistake) in the future. Learn to stop ____106____ (invent)
excuses for what could have happened and accept responsibility for your actions.
Value honesty. Honesty is ____107____ (close) related to accountability. An honest person is trustworthy. If you manage
____108____ (gain) a person’s trust, you are responsible in that person’s eyes. This is because the perso n believes that you are responsible enough to keep the information he may pass on to you without giving it away.
When asked to do something, do your best. When you can deliver results as _____109_____ (promise), people will start to respect you and trust you more. This builds your image as a responsible person. 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

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During my childhood, whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I would climb the mountain near our house. Walking together, we had a lot of conversations through
___110___ I learned many valuable lessons. He always stressed to me, “You should have objectives and capacity like the mountain. This has ___111___ (large) influenced my life. ___112___ the mountain-climbing, we couldn't have had enough time to spend together because my father was busy.
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When we’re young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled ____113____ (country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here's the thing about courage: It doesn’t just appear whenever we need it. It’s the result of tough ____114____ (con sider) and real work, involving the balance ____115____ fear and bravery. Without fear, we’ll do foolish things. And without courage, we’ll never step into ____116____ unknown. The balance of the two is where the
magic lies, and it’s a balance we all deal with every day...
I ____117____ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what was ____118____ (extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me ____119____ (limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world.
Life is already____120____ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and ____121____ (find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know ____122____ it might lead you in the life journey.
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In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the first Chinese female scientist ____123____(award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the world’s most ____124____(effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs ____125____(save) the lives of millions so far. When ____126____(thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also
____127____(recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained ____128____ deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea ____129____ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they ____130____ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin. In 2019, Tu Youyou
____131____(select) by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century. _____132_____ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.
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Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name "stage school" are
those few schools ____133____ children enjoy the time with a training for the theatre and a general education.
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy ____134____ (them). After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, ____135____ acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day
Then of course these are time for the children ____136____ (make) a name and make little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much ____137____ (profession) work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 ____138____ (limit) to 40 days in the year; those over 13 to 80 days.
The schools admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens
____139____ those who don't make it While all the ____140____ (lead) schools say they place great ____141____ (important) on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this
_____142_____ (be) not always the case.
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My father always tells me not to gossip (八卦) about others behind their backs. When in middle school, I once ____143____ (compete) with another classmate, Amy, for the monitor. To gain an advantage, I invited some classmates to my home and gossiped a lot about Amy.____144____ (hear) what I said, my father told me, “When your forefinger ____145____ (point) at others’ back, you have other three fingers pointing at ____146____ (you) and fighting back with triple power.”
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Do you believe that art can change our world In a study
____147____(conduct) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), researchers found that people with an active interest in the art contribute more to society than those with little or no interest in ____148____. That means if you sing, dance, draw, or act, and especially if you watch others do so, you’re ____149____(likely) to be socially responsible, tolerant and altruistic (无私的).
Kelly Leroux, an assistant professor at UIC who takes charge
____150____ the study, says, “Our data analysis has found a high correlation between the arts and altruistic actions—like donating blood,or doing favors for a neighbor, ____151____ place the interests of others over the interests of self,” she said. “____152____
this, people who have interests in the arts are more willing to take part in activities, such as volunteering.”
Because the financial crisis still lasts, arts budgets
____153____(reduce) very soon. However, this policy will take such important benefits away from students. Just as LeRoux says,
____154____ policymakers are worried about a decline in community life, the arts should not be disregarded as ____155____ effective means to promote social _____156_____(responsible).
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One way to improve your learning is through critical thinking,
____157____ is a necessary skill. The easiest way ____158____ (learn)
to think critically is to force yourself to question everything. I still remember when I was at university, my classmates and I
____159____(encourage) to challenge each other and our professors. It could be very challenging, but it was a way of developing critical thinking. So try to develop your power of critical thinking. And don’t believe everything you read or see. Think for yourself.
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形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and
allowed people to avoid terrible ____160____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ____161____ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,____162____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over____163____ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ____164____ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been____165____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____166____every day.
Later, engineers ____167____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ____168____ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _____169_____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
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What is culture Culture is the shared characteristics and knowledge of a group of people, ____170____ (include) their language, religion,
food, social habits. music and arts. The word “culture” has
____171____ (it) root from the Latin “culture”, whic h is related to the meaning of “growth”.
A number of historical events ____172____ (help) shape Western culture in the past 2,500 years. The fall of Rome cleared the way for the establishment of a series of states in Europe. The Black Death of the 1300 cut the population of Europe by one-third, ____173____ remade the society. Gradually, Christianity became the ____174____ (strong) of all religions in Europe. Then the trade between East and West allowed Europeans to explore North and South America. Eastern culture generally refers to the traditions in Asian
____175____ (country). Like the West, Eastern culture was heavily influenced by religion during its early development, but later it
____176____ (influence) by the agricultural development significantly. ____177____ culture differs from area to area, one thing is for certain: Cultures change. “Culture plays ____178____ important role in our interconnected world,” De Rossi said. “But it is no longer fixed. Culture is ____179____ (constant) moving and essentia lly fluid.”
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When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once noticed his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand. “Won’t it work quickly if a machine ____180____ (turn) the wheel for
you ” he asked. “I suppose it will,” said h is mother, without paying any attention to him. Christopher knew she always had a lot of work and that she was ____181____ stubborn that he could hardly do anything to change ____182____ (she) mind. But he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam engine ____183____ (buy) by his father as a gift for him. “I will make better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother was not using her sewing machine, he decided to fix the toy steam engine onto it. When he finished ____184____ (do) it, he was quite pleased, thinking his mother would like it. “Very clever,” his mother said when she saw it. But then she sat down and went on turning the wheel
____185____hand. “I ____186____(work) like this for too many years,” she explained. Christopher felt very ____187____(disappoint). He couldn’t understand his mother’s ____188____ (behave).
This teaches Christopher a lesson, ____189____ made him depressed for several days. It is that anyone who tries to improve anything has to learn: many pe ople don’t like new ideas.
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On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking finally died ____190____ ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化). A family spokesman stated that the iconic scientist died at his home in Cambridge, England.
____191____ news touched many in his field and beyond. Fellow physicist and author Lawrence Krauss said: “ A star just went out in the cosmos. We have lost an ____192____ ( amaze ) human being. Hawking fought the cosmos ____193____ ( brave ) for 76 years and taught us all something important about ____194____ it truly means to celebrate about ____195____ ( be ) human. ”
Hawking’s children followed with a statement: “ We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man ____196____ work and legacy will live on for many years. His courage, persistence,
____197____ ( brilliant ) and humor inspired people across the world. He once said, ‘ It would not be a universe ____198____ it wasn’t home to the people you love.’ We will miss him forever. ”
10 days before his death, the new report, authored by physicist Thomas Hertog, argues against the idea _____199_____ the universe will continue to expand.
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The more I learn, the better I know how much there is still left to learn. As I journey through my life, I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means ____200____ which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating
how much, as an individual, you do not know. The ability
____201____ (admit) this should not ____202____ (perceive) as a weakness, ____203____ as a strength. I once had an art teacher,
____204____ (point) out that it is not only what you can see
____205____ is important, but also what you cannot see. When I drew a still life, ____206____ was impressed on me that the blank spaces between the objects were just ____207____ vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves. Also, as the great educator Confucius ____208____ (state), “when y ou know a thing, to recognize that you know it; ______209______ when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it —that is wisdom.”
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Charles Darwin was born on February 12,1809. He was the British naturalist ____210____ became famous for his theories of
____211____ (evolve). Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved over millions of years from a few common ancestor.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural ____212____ (select) holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction (灭绝)of each organism ____213____ (determine) by。