最新2020上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编

上海高考英语题型训练: 阅读理解C122020高三第一学期期末质量抽查3Section B45Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed6by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there7are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best8according to the information given in the passage you have just read.9(C)10松江11The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced,12objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must13provide mere: it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts.14This is a very important assignment facing American journalists 一 to15make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international16news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no17longer any such thing as "local” news, because any event in the18international area has a local reaction in the financial market,19political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There isin journalism a widespread view that when you start an interpretation, 2021you are entering dangerous waters, the rushing tides of opinion. This1is nonsense.2223The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor24shall limit themselves to the “facts". This insistence raises twoquestions: What are the facts? Are the bare facts enough?2526As for the first question, consider how a so-called "factual" story27conics about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty,28his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he29considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his30editor decides which of these ten facts shall make up the beginning ofthe article, which is an important decision because many readers do not3132proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then33the right editor determines whether the article shall be presented onpage one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty four, where3435it has little. Judgment Number Three.36Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or ''objective”,37story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not38at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporters and39editors, calling upon their research resources, their general background,and their "news neutralism", arrive at a conclusion as to the significance 4041of the news.42The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and itsinterpretation, arc both objective and subjective processes. If an editor 432is determined to give a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other4445ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the 46selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he 47can do it by the place he gives a story 一 promoting it to page one or 48dragging it to page thirty.4963. According to the first paragraph, which of the followingstatements is TRUE?5051A. If a reporter makes clear the facts he writes, he will no doubt52get into trouble.B. Journalists must select facts objectively to make current events5354clear to the readers.55C. The most important task of reporters is Io provide unprejudiced56facts for the readers.57D. For reporters, interpretation of facts is no less important than58presentation of the facts.5964. The beginning of the article should present the most important 60fact because .61A. it will influence the reader to continue62B. most readers read only the first paragraph63C. it details the general attitude of the writer3D. it's the best way to write according to the schools of journal6465ism6665. Where a story is presented in a newspaper shows .67A. the editor's prejudice68B. the reporter's background69C. the story's factual matter70D. the story's effect on the readers7166. Which of the following can best express the author's attitude 72toward objectiveness?73A. Objectiveness is controlled by editors rather than writers.74B. Properly choosing facts prepares a solid ground for75objectiveness.76C. He doesn't think there exists complete objectiveness in news77writing.78D. To make clear the news is a way to be objective and responsible79for the readers.8081黄浦4Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously8283more willing to take risks than others.84Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains85why some people are risk - takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a86chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the87brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, andscientists believe it to be inked to risk - taking. Our nerve cells have8889dopamine receptors（接收器）which control the amount of dopamine that90each cell receives. But not all receptors may be active. When a personhad few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is 9192received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of93happiness.94Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of95Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their96risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautiousin life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies9798carried out with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded that people99who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who arenot. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when 100101a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become addictive for some people.102They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to103repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomes104considerable reduced.5105Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk - taking, but scientists106believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation - seeking is107a personality characteristic that describes the desire to find activities108that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created109the sensation - seeking scale. His 40 -item questionnaire, still used110today, was given to people who were active in seeking new activities,111and to people who were more satisfied with a quiet life. While risk -112taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated withsensation - seeking, as a high sensation - seeker does not evaluate risk 113114in the same way that a low sensation - seeker does. a desire to achieve115pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more risks. 116There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some117people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these118explanations are definitive.11963. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors. ________.120A. he is less likely to feel happy121B. he is more willing to take risks122C. he will eventually become dopamine - addictive123D. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine64. The underlined phrase “consistent with” is closest to 124125“________” in meaning.6126A. contrary toB. in agreement withC. at the cost ofD. 127persistent in12865. What can be concluded from paragraph 4?129A. The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking.130B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.131C. The sensation - seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.132D. High sensation - seekers are more common than low ones.13366. This passage mainly talks about ________.134A. when we learn to take risksB. how risk - taking benefits 135usC. what makes risk - takersD. why we should take risks 136137138虹口139For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized 140campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated 141industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主义智囊团）whose interests 142and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, 143scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, 144scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the7universe to the relativity of time and space.145146Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not147persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method --148develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t149what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get150invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’talways work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an 151152experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to153test it true.If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the 154155guarantee for trust in science?156The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A157scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a158long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point,159scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step isdifferent: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific 160161journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send162scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of theauthors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other 163164inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers165are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both166the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers167and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the8168paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”169Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human.170But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong,171typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that172we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing173their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being over turned174are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty175of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appearparadoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新颖性）and 176177stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty:178trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the179stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in180the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a181weakness.18263. Distrust in science has been found because _________.183A. scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to184some extent185B. most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success186of scienceC. a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some 187188industries and think tanks9D. someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of 189190modern science19164. Which of the following statements will the author agree with about 192a scientific method?193A. A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science 194is changing.B. A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists 195196actually do.197C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claimby a scientific method.198199D. True theories can produce false results because the scientific 200method doesn’t work.20165. What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim 202mainly serve?203A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers 204in the same field.205B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults 206or other inadequacies.207C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in 208science.10D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific 209210journal.21166. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.A. Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science 212213lead to its being overturned214B. It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears 215paradoxical216C. The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and 217stable218D. Science is not trustful because scientists always change their 219minds.220221宝山2225G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast download 223speeds and could lay foundation for high-tech advancements like 224self-driving cars. But like many new technologies, it's causing concern about potential health issues.225226The first generation of wireless introduced mobile phones, and 2G 227brought texting. 3G laid the groundwork for smart-phones, and 4G allowed video streaming and more. 5G is expected to download data 20 times faster 22811229than its predessor(前任)，and some experts argue it could be much faster. 230Too much of a good thing?231It's not just about streaming data faster, it's about streaming more 232of it. On a 5G network, a user can download a movie instantly, and data 233will flow between connected objects without delay. The amount of data 234people use on mobile devices has gone up 40 times since 2010 and is only 235expected to increase. 5G networks are wireless companies attempts to 236satisfy that demand.Uncertain effects237238The untested nature of 5G, and the extensiveness of its239infrastructure(基础设施）has some worried that the increased exposure 240could have serious health effects. Wireless safety advocates（倡议人241士）have called for more studies on the effects of the exposure, and one 242group is trying to stop the installment of 5G networks in Chicago's 243neighborhoods.244The federal government has safety rules that wireless companies must 245obey that limit human exposure to radio waves, including frequencies uses 246with 5G.247Wireless industry association CTIA says typical exposure to 5G infrastructure is comparable to Bluetooth devices and baby monitors, and 248249there is no scientific evidence of negative health effects.12Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators are 250251not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake. Additional studies on 5G’s 252health impacts likely wouldn’t soothe her either. She said, “People can't choose whether or not to be exposed to this radiation.”“I don’t 253254need another te st. The only test that’s going to happen now is people’s 255lives,” said Blake.256Only time will tell?257Though little is known about the long-term health impact of the 258millimeter waves that 5G operates on, some research has shown short-term exposure could be problematic, said Joel Moskowitz, a public health 259260expert at the University of California at Berkeley.261The eyes and sweat glands(腺体）are among several body parts studies have shown could be at risk. Moskowitz said. Insects and plant life could 262263also be affected, he added.264The millimeter waves used in SG are absorbed by the upper layers of 265skin, potentially causing the temperature of the skin to rise, said Suresh 266Borkar, senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Computer 267Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology. The effects of extended rises in skin temperature “become a big unknown,” he said. 268269This isn't the first time people will come into contact with millimeter 270waves: They're also used in airport body scanners, said Lav Varshney, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the 27113272University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.273Still, it's the first time the high-frequency waves will he used on 274such a scale, and concerns surrounding new technologies are common 275throughout history.276“When cars first started replacing horse-drawn carriages, people were 277afraid of what the health impacts of traveling at high speeds would be,” 278Varshney said. “There has always been occurrence of this fear.”27963. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?280A. 5G is faster but not safe to human beings.281B. 5G features faster and more in transiting.C. 5G can meet people's any demand in theory.282283D. 5G just makes little impact on people's health.28464. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Millimeter waves certainly affect people's health seriously 285286B. Millimeter waves will cause the skin’s temperature to rise. 287C. It's obvious that many scientists object to 5G technology.288D. It's hard to say whether millimeter waves do damage to health. 28965. The word soothe in the last but 7 paragraphs most probably means14.290291A. to make somebody feel calm or less worried.292B. to make somebody feel happy or more excited.C. to make somebody feel disappointed or less satisfaction 293294D. to make somebody feel inspired or more energetic.29566. The best title for this passage is .296A. 5G’s Advantages and Disadvantages297B. The Development of Wireless298C. 5G Health ConcernD. 5G Future Prediction299300301302303304305Section B (C)306松江 63- 66 DBDC307黄浦 63-66 BBAC308虹口 63-66 DACA15宝山 63-66 BDAC30931016。