2018年高考英语(江苏专版)总复习微专题训练第20练

单词识记：
Ⅰ.语境填词1．Thestudysuggeststhatgovernmentshavearesponsibilitytoencouragepeopletobemore_______ _(physical) active.
2．Hethoughtthatcryingwasasignof________(软弱)．
3．Sheis________(未察觉的) oftheeffectshehasonpeople.
4．________(症状) areaslightfever，headacheandlossofappetite.
5．It’shardtotakethem________(serious) intheirprettygreyuniforms.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6．IfeltIwouldnever________theshockofhisbeingworkedtodeath.
A．getoff B．getthrough
C．getby D．getover
7．Weknowplayingcomputergamesforalongtimecanharmone’s________health.
A．regular B．magical
C．physical D．reliable
8．Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries________withnoagreementreached.
A．havebrokendown B．havebrokenout
C．havebrokenin D．havebrokenup
9．________thedifficultmathsproblem，IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.(2014·陕西，20)
A．Workingout B．Workedout
C．Toworkout D．Workout
10．Whenmakingsmalltalkatholidayparties，don’ttellsomeonewho________weighthowamazingtheylook.Thatimpliestheylookedterriblebe fore.
A．haslost B．wouldlose
C．willbelosing D．hadlost
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·镇江一模)
Homeopathyistheoldestformofcomplementary(互补的) andalternativemedicinesfromEurope.ItoriginatedwiththeGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann(1755—1843)．Hecameacrossthecinchona，thebarkofaSouthAmericantreethatwasusedbythelocalpeopletotreatfevers.Amongtheactiveingredient sinthebarkisquinine(奎宁)，whichisstillusedtotreatmalaria.Ifahealthypersontookcinchona，heorshewouldhavesymptoms(症状) ofmalaria.In1796and1810，Hahnemannpublishedessaysonthetheoriesofhomeopathy：Substancesthatcauseillnessesorsymptomsinpeoplecanbeusedinsmalldosesastreatment.Supportersofh omeopathyvieweditasasafe，patient-centeredsystem.Hahnemannclaimedhecouldcureanyandallillnessesusinghomeopathicprincip les.
However，theAustraliancouncilsoughttoevaluatethisclaimonceandforall.Theirassessmentwasbasedontheanalys
isof57publishedsystematicreviewsencompassing176individualstudies，independentevaluationofevidenceprovidedbyhomeopathyinterestgroupsandthepublic，andclinicalpracticeguidelinesandreportsonhomeopathyfromothergovernments.Studieswereonlyconsi derediftheywerecase-controlled，meaningtheycomparedagroupofpatientsreceivinghomeopathictreatmentswithacontrolgroup.Thecou ncilwhooversawthisreviewconsistedofexpertsinconventional-basedmedicineaswellascomplementary andalternativemedicines.Asaguideline，foratreatmenttobeconsideredeffective，itmustresultinhealthimprovementsthatcannotbeexplainedbytheplacebo(安慰剂) effect，theseimprovementsmustbemeaningfulforaperson’soverallhealthandtheresultshavetobeseenconsiste ntlyinseveralstudies.Adraftofthereportwasreviewedbyagroupofindependentexpertsincomplementary medicineresearchandopenedupforpublicconsultationbeforeitwasfinalized.
Eventually，thecouncilfoundnoreliableevidencethathomeopathictreatmentswereeffective.Studiesthatdidfindhom eopathytobeeffectivewereoverallofpoorscientificquality，usedtoofewpatientsorlackedevidenceonwhichtobasetheirconclusions.Rejectingprovenmedicaltreatm entsinfavorofhomeopathyforchronicorpotentiallyseriousconditionscouldplacepeopleatrisk.Asalways，useofhomeopathicorotherremediesshouldbediscussedwithyourphysicianinordertomakeinformedheal thcaredecisions.
1．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethathomeopathyisasystemofmedicineinwhich________.
A．patientsaregivenverysmallamountsofadrugthatproducessymptomsinhealthypeople
B．patientsareevaluatedbyusingverysmallamountsofthesubstancecausingillnessorsymptoms C．patientswouldhavesymptomsofmalariaiftheytookcinchona
D．patientsrelyingonhomeopathycanexplaintheirhealthimprovementsbytheplaceboeffect
2．Theunderlinedword“encompassing”canmostprobablybereplacedby“________”．
A．encouraging B．searching
C．conducting D．including
3．Whenevaluatinghomeopathictreatments，theAustraliancouncilwasmostconcernedabout________.
A．thesourceofthedatatobeanalyzed
B．thecriteriaofaneffectivetreatment
C．theobjectivityandreliabilityoftheevaluation
D．theexpertsinvolvedintheevaluation
4．WhichofthefollowingreasonsfortheineffectivenessofhomeopathictreatmentsisNOTmention edinthepassage?
A．Studiesabouthomeopathictreatmentswerenotscientificallyaccurate.
B．Hahnemann’stheoriesabouthomeopathictreatmentsgotnoresponse.
C．Conclusionsofhomeopathictreatmentswereshortofsolidevidence.
D．Blinduseofhomeopathictreatmentsmightputpeopleindanger.
Ⅱ.任务型阅读
(2016·泰州一模)
Followingonemillionmiddle-agedwomeninBritainfor10years，astudyfindsthatthewidelyheldviewthathappinessenhanceshealthandlongevityisunfounded.
Theresultscomefromtheso-calledMillionWomenStudy，whichtookonwomenaged50to69from1996to2001，andtrackedthemwithquestionnairesandofficialrecordsofdeathsandhospitaladmissions.Thequestionna iresaskedhowoftenthewomenfelthappy，incontrol，relaxedandstressed，andalsoinstructedthemtoratetheirhealthandlistailmentslikehighbloodpressure，diabetes，depressionoranxiety.
Whentheanswerswereanalyzedstatistically，unhappinessandstresswerenotassociatedwithanincreasedriskofdeath.Itisnotclearwhethertheconclusio nappliestomen.
ProfessorPetosaidparticularlyimportantdatacamefrom500,000womenwhoreportedthattheywere ingoodhealth，withnohistoryofheartdisease，cancerorstroke.Aminorityofthesehealthywomensaidtheywerestressedorunhappy，hesaid，butoverthenextdecadetheywerenomorelikelytodiethanthewomenwhoweregenerallyhappy.
“Thisfindingrefutes(驳斥) thelargeeffectsofunhappinessandstressondeathratethatothershaveclaimed，”Dr.Petosaid.Unhappin essitselfmaynotaffecthealthdirectly，butitcandoharminotherways，bydrivingpeopletosuicide，alcoholismorotherdangerousbehaviors，hewarned.
Thistypeofstudy，inwhichpeopleinvolveddependontheirself-assessment，isnotconsideredasreliableasadesignedexperimentwherepeopleinvolvedarepickedatrandomandassign edtoatreatmentorcontrolgroup.Butthehugenumberofpeopleinthisstudygivesitpower.Still，someobserversnotedthatmeasuringemotionsismorenuanced(细微的) andcomplexthansimplydeclaringhappinessorunhappiness.
“Iwouldhavelikedtoseemorediscussionofhowpeopletranslatethesecomplicatedfeelingsintoasel f-reportofhappiness，”saidBaruchFischhoff，apsychologistatCarnegieMellonUniversity.
Theresultsofearlierstudieshavebeenmixed，withsomefindingthatunhappinesscausesillnessandothersshowingnolink，Dr.Fischhoffsaid.“Itlookstomelikepeoplehavecollectedalotofdatawithoutfindingaclearsignal，”h esaid.However，
aneditorialaccompanyingthestudyinTheLancetnotedthatithadthelargestpopulationsofarinhappinessst udiesandpraiseditsstatisticalmethods.
ProfessorPetosaidhedoubtedwhetherthenewstudywouldchangemanymindsbecausebeliefsaboutt herisksofunhappinessaresorooted.“Peoplearestillgoingtobelievethatstresscausesheartattacks，”he said.
答案精析
第20练健康与医疗类(二)
高考高频单词与短语识记排查
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.1.physically 2.weakness 3.unconscious 4.Symptoms 5.seriously
Ⅱ.6.D[句意为：我感到我无法从他过劳死的震惊中恢复过来。

get over 从(震惊)中恢复常态，符合句意。

get off别碰，离开；get through 通过，接通；get by (靠……)维持生计，勉强过活。

]
7．C[考查形容词词义辨析。

句意为：我们知道长时间玩电脑游戏对我们的身体健康有害。

physical health指的是身体健康。

regular定期的；magical魔术的；reliable可靠的。

]
8．A[句意为：新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败了，没有达成协议。

break down出毛病，不运转，(身体)垮掉，瓦解，破除，终止，分解；reach an agreement意为“达成协议”。

] 9．C[考查非谓语动词。

句意为：为了解出那个数学难题，我去向Russell教授咨询过好几次。

所填词作目的状语，用动词不定式，故选C项。

]
10．A[句意为：在假期的派对上聊天时，不要告诉已经减肥的人他们看起来多么令人惊奇。

那就暗示着他们以前看起来很难看。

根据题干中后面的那句话可判断是已经减肥，强调减肥的影响，故选A。

]
阅读能力专练
Ⅰ.
认为,没有任何足够可靠的证据证明顺势疗法效果强于安慰剂。

1．A[细节理解题。

根据文章第一段倒数第三句“Substances that cause illnesses or symptoms in people can be used in small doses as treatment.”可知。

]
2．D[词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“based on the analysis of 57 published systematic reviews”可知此处是部分(176)和整体(57)的关系，故选including。

encompass包含，包括。

]
3．C[细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段第一句(尤其是reliable)和第三句(尤其是Rejecting)可知答案。

]
4．B[细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段内容可知，B项没有提及。

]
Ⅱ.
5．Necessarily[信息归纳题。

根据文章第一段“...the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded.”可知，幸福不一定带来健康。

not necessarily 不一定。

]
6．Subjects/Participants[信息归纳题。

根据women可归纳为subjects(实验对象)，根据“One million women aged 50 to 69”可归纳为participants(参与者)。

]
7．Procedure/Steps[信息归纳题。

根据方框右边的内容可知，这是研究的过程或步骤。

根据其下面的“Results of the research”也可作出正确推断。

]
8．analyses[信息转换题。

根据文章第三段第一句“When the answers were analyzed statistically...”可知。

]
9．tend[信息归纳题。

根据文章第三段第一句“...unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death.”可知。

tend to往往，倾向于。

]
10．account/make[信息归纳题。

根据文章第五段第二句“Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned.”可知。

account for是……的原因；make for导致，造成。

]
11．confirmed/proved[信息归纳题。

根据文章第三段最后一句“It is not clear whether the conclusion applies to men.”可知。

confirm/prove证明，证实。

]
12．Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/
Weaknesses[信息归纳题。

根据方框右边的内容可知，这次研究结果有许多让人不满意的地方、有许多不足的地方。

]
13．assess/evaluate[信息转换题。

根据文章第六段第一句“This type of study，in which people involved depend on their self-assessment...”可知。

]
14．hardly[信息归纳题。

根据文章最后一段中的“he doubted whether the new study would change many minds”和“People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks”可知。

]。