专题07 阅读理解之议论文(全国通用版)(原卷版)

专题07 阅读理解之议论文
（2022秋·广东肇庆·九年级校考期中）Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those who have plenty of friends.
Researchers from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1,500 people. Those who took part in the survey gave details (细节) about their ages, social interactions (社交活动), and how satisfied they were with their social lives. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (表面的) friends.
“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Wandi Bruine, one of the researchers.
Bruine found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them. Younger people, on the other hand, had bigger circles that were made up of “peripheral (次要的) others”—people who are not true friends, but just people they know. These so-called friends didn’t affect younger people’s happiness.
The results of the study showed that the stereotypes (偏见) society had about old people being sad and lonely might not be right.
“The research shows that older people’s smaller social circles didn’t have a bad effect on social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older people had a better feeling of happiness than younger people,” said Brine.
Based on these results, the study believes that people should pay more attention to the ties with close friends instead of increasing the number of friends.
1．According to the study, people may be happier when they ________.
A．have a lot of followers on social media B．are satisfied with their work and lives
C．make friends with people who are older D．have a small circle of friends
2．(新题型) The underlined word “affect” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A．matter B．hurt C．influence D．discover
3．What can we know from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Older people have closer friends than young people.
B．Young people don’t need to make peripheral friends.
C．Older people’s happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
D．Both old and young people find it hard to make friends.
4．According to the passage, Bruine thought the older people were ________.
A．nervous B．happy C．lonely D．sad
5．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．different types of friends
B．changes in people’s happiness levels
C．the relationship between happiness and the number of friends
D．interactions between old and young people
（2022秋·广东佛山·九年级校考期中）Everyone lives in social groups from the day they were born. In the family, there are parents and relatives. In the school, there are teachers and classmates. At work, there are teammates and leaders.
Often, some small things may lead to misunderstandings(误会). Then the relationship(关系) between each other may get worse and worse. However, if we can stand in others’ shoes, we may understand other people’s feelings, and then things will be solved. So how to treat and deal with the relationship correctly becomes more important.
In society, understanding other people can help us see and understand situations in a different way. Learning some basic skills can help us understand each other better. Understanding others is influenced(被影响) by feelings. This means that if a person is happy, he’ll be more willing to help and understand others. But if a person feels angry, he is less likely to want to understand other people.
Listening is one of the best ways to understand others better. If someone is talking, listen carefully. This will make him or her feel good. He or she will be more likely to share the problems with you. Sometimes, we only care our individual opinions, so we think everything we say is correct. No matter what others say, we just refuse to listen. As a result, we won’t understand others.
No matter what kind of roles we are in society, when having different opinions or meeting difficulties, we should keep calm to think about the situation we’re facing. Every small act can build good social connections and make us have a better understanding of each other.
6．When a person feels ________, he will be more willing to help and understand others.
A．B．C．D．
7．Which is one of the best ways to understand others better?
A．Talking loudly.B．Communicating less.
C．Refusing directly.D．Listening carefully.
8．What does the underlined word “individual” probably mean?
A．Important.B．Personal.C．Interesting.D．Bad.
9．What can you learn from the passage?
A．People should care more about the important things in life.
B．Small misunderstandings may not lead to worse relationship.
C．We should keep calm when facing difficulties or having different opinions.
D．If we stand in others’ shoes, things will become worse.
10．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Ideas about understanding others
B．Differences between social groups
C．Ideas about communicating with people
D．Ideas about changing the situation you are facing
（2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第二中学校考期中）Do you want to improve your physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggles (斗争) of great scientists.
The American Psychological Association (美国心理学会) did a study. More than 400 students in New York City took part in it. The students were divided into three groups. Group 1 read a typical textbook that describes the achievements of great Scientists. Group 2 read about those scientists personal struggles. For example, as a Jew, Einstein escaped from Nazi Germany to avoid being killed. Group 3 read about the scientists’ intellectual (智力的) struggles, such as Marie Curie’s tailed experiments. These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists dealt with these problems.
The students took a science test before the study. After the six-week study, they took another. Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades. Students in Group 1 didn’t see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower grades after the study.
The study was led by Xiaodong Lin Siegler, a professor. According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was born a genius. They believe they will never match him. Many of them fail to realize that any success requires a long journey. Along the way, there are many failures.
Students who read the struggle stories were more likely to say great scientists were like themselves. The “great
minds” also had to solve problems to achieve success.
Xiaodong says today’s science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, students hardly consider science as part of their everyday lives. Instead, they just see a long list of facts that they have to remember. Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed. And they should pay more attention to how these scientists responded to the problems they met along the way. 11．According to the passage, we can improve our physics and chemistry grades by ________.
A．reading the achievements of great scientists more carefully
B．listening more carefully to our physics and chemistry teachers
C．learning about the difficulties that great scientists once experienced
D．spending more time remembering the lists of facts in our science textbooks
12．Who took part in the study held by the American Psychological Association?
A．Students who went to schools in New York City.
B．Students who Studied in secondary school.
C．Students who were interested in physics and chemistry.
D．Students who were poor at physics and chemistry grades.
13．According to the last paragraph, Xiaodong thinks that ________.
A．Today’s science textbooks bring much science to life
B．Students should study harder to become a great scientist.
C．Students only need to remember a long list of facts.
D．It is meaningful to learn how scientists struggle to succeed.
14．Where can we probably find this passage?
A．A novel.B．A fashion magazine.C．A story book.D．An education website.
（2022春·江苏南通·九年级校联考期中）A phenomenon known as “kuakuaqun” or “praise group” has taken Chinese social media by storm. The number of topics like this on Weibo has reached more than 23 million. Users can join a chat group on WeChat or QQ, where they are showered with varieties of generous praise and encouragement.
Just imagine the scenes: You get an A in an exam and you want to get some praise. When you post it into a praise group, you are praised for not only your efforts but also being as clever as Albert Einstein. It’s 10 p.m. and you are the only person in the office. You receive a reply, “You are so hardworking! You’ll definitely get a higher
position! Praise to you!” Even if you go to a toilet and forget taking some tissue, someone points out that “you’re caring about trees and the environment! Good for you!”
How would you feel?
The appearance of “praise groups” provides an opportunity for ordinary people who cannot get positive feedback easily in their daily life to get comfort from their hears. It also shows the life and social pressure of today’s young people. Moreover, the popularity of these chat groups is a reflection of Chinese culture which values modesty and humility—people often hide their true emotion of seeking and giving praise. As long as people’s praise doesn’t sound obviously untruthful, you’re likely to welcome it. Sometimes, people enjoy praising others as well, just because here they can drop everything and have fun by giving lavish(夸张的) comments. However, some people are also willing to encourage and support others from their hearts.
Some netizens(网民) shared their ideas, “I take it as a way of adjusting the mood. The praise group helps in adding our confidence. Some sincere praises can even be inspiring(鼓舞人心的). However, if you’re really in trouble, it is you who holds the final key.” Clearly, some dishonest praise comes at a cost. Chen Kan, an professor in Fudan University’s psychology department warned that “The biggest risk is to continue to stress on the ‘false self’, which makes it harder to see the ‘true self’. In the end, people in the group will find that such unreasonable praise doesn’t help solve the real problem. Soon the whole group will be silent and dead.”
Perhaps the praise groups are “a flash in the pan”, which might disappear sooner or later. No matter how you think of it, only when you can understand the pressure. criticism and praise correctly, will you face them bravely. Don’t lose yourself in others’ voices—that is what really matters.
15．The writer mentions the examples in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．who wants to join “praise groups”
B．how people can join “praise groups”
C．what people can get from “praise groups”
D．when people need to join “praise groups”
16．Why do people like to join “praise groups”?
A．To hide real feelings of themselves.B．To ask for suggestions from others.
C．To express the values of their own.D．To get comfort and be encouraged.
17．According to the passage, the writer may agree that ________.
A．we should see ourselves correctly and positively
B．praise group is effective for dealing with troubles
C．we should speak highly of others to please each other
D．praise group is necessary for building self-confidence
18．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．“Praise Group”: Is it worth giving it a try?
B．“Praise Group”: Does it help to know yourself?
C．“Praise Group”: Is it important to praise others?
D．“Praise Group”: Does it change your personality?
（2022春·安徽宿州·九年级统考期中）Everyone has dreams and goals for the future. But why do you still end up with nothing? What separates success people from the dreamers is their persistent（饮而不舍的）action. You will often find some of your lessons in school very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with.
This is the famous formula（公式）for success:
Dream ＞Believe ＞Achieve
Most people have what they want（Dream）and think they can realize their dreams（Believe）. But they do nothing. When they get tired waiting and lose a lot, they get bored.
I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula:
Dream ＞Believe ＞Act ＞Achieve
For me, act is the most important thing for success, and that’s to Take Persistent Action（Act）. “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be difficulties in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action.
Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality.
19．What should you do when you find your lessons very hard?
A．Ask people for help B．Try and keep trying
C．Get ready to create wonders D．Prepare for a harder one
20．Why does the writer use the formula “Dream ＞Believe ＞Act ＞Achieve” ?
A．To support his idea.B．To ask readers to explain it.
C．To show what his goals are.D．To compare it with a bridge.
21．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Doing Something Valuable B．Studying Hard and Making Progress
C．Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D．Separating Successful People from Dreams
（2022春·四川自贡·九年级四川省荣县中学校校考期中）Modern technology has made it easier for common people to rent things or services to (将……租给……) others. With an Internet connection and a mobile phone, we can find almost anything. It could be a new dress to wear on the weekend, or someone to clean our house. This is the sharing economy(共享经济), and it is now a $20 billion-a-year business. But some people are now asking: Just how good is it for society in general?
Not long ago, when people went on vacation, they usually stayed in a hotel. Today they have the choice of staying in someone’s private house. They pay less, but what influence does this have on the hotel industry and the economy? Hotels receive fewer guests, but they still have to pay salaries (薪水) to their staff and taxes (税) to the government. Many people who rent out rooms do not. So the government gets less money, and some hotels might even close down.
Then there are car-sharing websites. Instead of using your own car for a long trip, you can get a ride with someone for a small amount of money. Some people argue this is better for the environment since fewer cars on the roads mean less pollution. But how many people choose to use these websites rather than taking the bus or the train? Public transportation is, after all, much kinder to the environment than cars.
Many websites offer cooking services. Instead of going to a restaurant, you can use your mobile phone to order dishes from people in your neighborhood. There is even a website where you can buy leftovers (剩饭) that people haven’t eaten! This is sure to save you time and money. But is it risky? Can you trust the people cooking your food? Restaurants have to follow strict rules to make sure their food is safe to eat.
There is no doubt that the sharing economy is growing. Some economists think it will be worth $335 billion by 2025. As new technology makes accommodation ( 住宿), transportation, and sharing food easier, the question of “Is it good for the economy, the environment, and people?” will remain.
22．What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Modern technology.B．A mobile phone.C．The sharing economy.
23．What may happen if people choose to stay in private homes instead of hotels during their vacation?
①People can save a little money.①The government gets more taxes.
①Hotels might go out of business.
A．①①B．①①C．①①
24．Which of the following does the writer support most according to Paragraph 3?
A．Driving your own car.B．Getting a ride with someone.C．Taking the bus or the train.
25．What do the economists think the sharing economy will be like for the next few years?
A．It will end.B．It will grow.C．It will bring the government trouble.
（2022春·重庆沙坪坝·九年级重庆南开中学校考期中）Two months ago, Starbucks apologized (道歉) to the public for asking four local policemen eating food outside a Starbucks store to leave, which caused lots of discussions on the Internet.
Reports show some people threw eggs to the store and some stopped the cleaning staff from cleaning up to express their dissatisfaction and anger with the company.
Such behavior should not happen, nor is it necessary. We don’t support any radical (激进的) action. And it is believed this is not what most Chinese people would like to see, nor does it stand for the general public opinion in China.
In fact, the backlash (激烈反应) about Starbucks’ behavior happened for some reasons. Starbucks said that there was no “driving away the police”, and it was just a “misunderstanding” caused by the improper communication between the staff and the policemen. The way Starbucks apologized didn’t take the feelings of the Chinese public seriously.
As an American company that has been deeply developed in China for many years, Starbucks should have a full understanding of the basic values of Chinese society and respect them. People in China respect the hard work of the police and show their kindness to the police, but the Starbucks staff drove away the four policemen and asked them to find another place, complaining that they could have a negative influence on the store’s image. That is another reason why many people were still angry with what the company did.
________ It once apologized to the public for some other events such as selling food that went bad and not accepting coins from customers, but the result even added the oil to the fire. Starbucks should reflect on why this happens repeatedly.
26．The reason why Starbucks apologized to the four policemen was that ________.
A．the Starbucks staff failed to invite them to the store
B．the policemen punished the staff for their bad behavior
C．the Starbucks staff were influenced by the policemen
D．the policemen were required to leave by the staff
27．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A．Many people weren’t pleased with Starbucks.
B．Starbucks should fully understand Chinese basic values.
C．The writer is for the radical behavior towards Starbucks.
D．Starbucks once apologized to the public for some other events.
28．Which sentence is the best to put in the “________”?
A．Starbucks should care more about food safety as well.
B．This is not the first time for Starbucks to light a fire.
C．However, that does not mean Starbucks has no problems.
D．So what action should Starbucks take to deal with the terrible situation?
29．The structure of the passage may be ________.
(①=Para.1①=Para.2①=Para.3①=Para.4①=Para.5①=Para.6)
A．B．C．D．
（2022春·山东烟台·九年级统考期中）
①In July last year, China introduced the “double reduction(双减)” policy. It hopes to reduce students’ learning burden(负担). How do students feel about this new policy?
①“Our homework is clearly less than before,” said 13-year-old Shen Yuzhe from Beijing. “I have joined a group. The exercises are mainly from the textbook.”
①According to Shen, teachers now teach at a much slower speed. “Our teachers are also giving us more chances to do experiments(实验) and learn from real life,” said Shen. “For example, we went to research ants in a
field during a biology class. Some students now spend more time having fun when homework is finished early.”
①For 13-year-old Zhang Hangming from Tianjin, the best thing about “double reduction” is the increased time in after-school activities. “We are not encouraged to buy workbooks anymore, I can learn all kinds of skills out of class,” said Zhang.
①Both Shen and Zhang find there are fewer exams now. But they don’t think it’s necessarily a good thing. “This is a much better way to learn things than just hitting the books. Each exam shows my progress as well as my weak points,” Zhang said.
①Shen also pointed out that when the burden is reduced, self-discipline becomes the key. “Exams push me to study harder. But if you use all the free time to relax, you might fall behind your peers(同龄人),” he said. 30．How do Shen and Zhang like having fewer exams?
A．It has some disadvantages.
B．It can certainly bring good results.
C．It is good for their health and study.
D．It will be welcomed by every student.
31．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To encourage students to relax themselves in their free time.
B．To express how happy Shen feels about the new policy.
C．To tell students that they still need to spend certain time studying.
D．To discuss how to solve the problems the new policy brings.
32．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．How to reduce students’ learning burden.
B．What students do in their spare time.
C．How to make students’ free time more colorful.
D．Different ideas about the “double reduction” policy.
（2022秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期中）Michael Jordon is the greatest basketball player till now. Once he was making a television advertisement, all he needed to do was to miss a shot.
For Michael, this was difficult. He had conditioned(定位) himself to succeed whenever he was throwing the ball. Every time he threw a basketball, it went in. Every time he tried to miss a shot, he couldn’t. It took him over 20 attempts(尝试) before he missed a shot.
For Michael, success is a strong habit. It took him a lot of time to break it. Just like drinking, smoking and collecting things, success is also a habit. Once it is formed, it is difficult to break. Many people think that success is difficult to keep. They feel that it will be hard work and will need too much action and focus. The truth is that it is simply a habit and as easy to keep as any other habit.
Spend some time making success a habit in your life. Once you have developed it, it is not something you want to change again.
33．In the advertisement Michael Jordon needed to ________.
A．miss a shot B．throw the basketball in C．keep his habit D．develop his skills
34．The writer used the example of Michael Jordon to tell us ________.
A．he is the best basketball player of all time B．he had worked very hard to be successful
C．success is a strong habit D．success is a habit that is not difficult to break
35．If you want to succeed you must ________.
A．miss the shot B．make success a habit C．keep throwing D．make an advertisement
（2022秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期中）All kids are good, but all kids can also be bad. Even the best kid can be bad sometimes. So, what should happen when a kid does something bad? Should parents just talk to the kid? Or, should they punish the kid?
These used to be easy questions. In the past, young children and students were beaten when they did something bad. It was common for parents to beat young children. They would hit the child with their hands. If a student talked in class or didn’t do his homework, his teacher would hit him on the hand.
I’m shamed to say that I was often punished when I was a very young boy in primary school. I didn’t like it, and sometimes I didn’t think I deserved it. But, was I harmed by this punishment? No, not really. Did the punishment improve my behavior? Well, only for as long as my hand hurt.
Beating children is not allowed in most countries, including China. Today, most children can only be punished with “words”. But, is talking to them enough? Or are there some other better forms of punishment?
36．In the past, if a student didn’t do his homework, what should his teacher do?
A．His teacher would hit him on the bum.B．His teacher would get him out of the classroom.
C．His teacher would hit him on the hand.D．His teacher would ask his parents to beat him.
37．Was the writer often punished when he was in primary school?
A．Yes, he was.B．No, he wasn’t.C．Yes, he did.D．No, he didn’t.
38．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．It’s about how to educate the children.
B．It is about how to behave well at school.
C．It tells us how to get on well with classmates.
D．It tells us that teenagers shouldn’t depend on parents.。