2020-2021学年南京市上元中学高三英语期末试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年南京市上元中学高三英语期末试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Best Online Bachelor's Programs
An online college degree may appeal to those who want to take lasses while working full time. Choosing where to sign up online will likely be challenging, but below you'll find advice and other resources to make your search easier.
•ArizonaStateUniversity
ASU relies upon cutting-edge technology and world-class educators to offer degree programs that fit into any lifestyle. Its courses employ advanced technology, such as our virtual labs, adaptive learning and virtual community, to provide real-world experiences to prepare graduates for their chosen industry.
ADMISSION: 15,321
TUITION: S413
•UniversityofIllinois
UI is a top-ranked, diverse research institution and an approved SARA institution. For UTs degree completion programs, students transfer with an associate degree or 57-60 credits. All of the online classes arc recorded so students can access lecture material at their convenience.
ADMISSION: 385
TUITION: S462
•UniversityofFlorida
UF Online is a fully-online degree pathway giving students access to the same teachers in UF. Courses arc designed and taught by UF's well-known teachers. Students feel connected, frequently communicating with teachers and their fellow students.
ADMISSION: 3,340
TUITION: $500
•OhioStateUniversity
The courses of OSU online bachelor's programs are all related to health science. The online programs are flexible providing students with the knowledge to enter professional medical practice or prepare them for more
advanced roles in their fields.
ADMISSION: 542
TUITION: 5642
1. What's special aboutArizonaStateUniversity?
A. It is an approved SARA institution.
B. It provides the most expensive programs.
C. It offers some technology-assisted courses.
D. It admits fewer students than other universities.
2. Which university’s, online programs favor medical students?
A.ArizonaStateUniversity.
B.UniversityofIllinois.
C.UniversityofFlorida.
D.OhioStateUniversity.
3. What's the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise free online programs.
B. To call on people to sign up online.
C. To introduce some best online programs.
D. To provide access to the best universities.
B
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the
concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.
4. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B. consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C. is something partly innate and partly acquired
D. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
5. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B. the historical approach to man
C. new insight into human behavior
D. the philosophical analysis of slavery
6. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A. have some characters in common
B. are born with diverse cultures
C. are born without a fixed nature
D. change their characters as they grow up
7. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.
C
My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts
About It”.
At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!
Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.
At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.
Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.
One day, it will be.
8. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?
A. They made the town smelly.
B. They made the town unhealthy.
C. They made the town dirty.
D. They made the town poor.
9. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?
A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.
B. Stop people buying cigarettes.
C. Pick up the cigarette butts.
D. Win prizes for starting groups.
10. From the passage we can know that _____.
A. no companies wanted to give money to them
B. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place
C. There are only 45”No Butts About It”
D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes
211. Which is the best tittle for the passage?
A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.
B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.
C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.
D. No Butts Prize.
D
The modern Olympics, which appeared in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, have become the
world’s most important sporting competition. From the 8th century B. C. to the 4th century A. D., the the ancient Olympics were held every four years in Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in1896 inAthens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19, was held in Japan in 2021.
The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location (位置) at Olympia, a place near the western coast in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the Olympic Games held every four years.
After the Roman Empire conquered (征服) Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality dropped. For example from 67 A. D., the Emperor Nero entered an Olympic horse race, announcing himself the winner even after he fell off hishorse during the event. In 393 A. D., Emperor TheodosiusⅠended the ancient Olympic tradition.
It was another 1,500 years before the Games rose again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Working hard at the development of physical education, the young man became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic building. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin suggested the idea of making the Olympics an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval (批准) he needed to found the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ), which would become the governing body of the modern Olympic Games.
12. What do we know about the modern Olympics?
A. The modern Olympics became famous in the 18th century.
B. The first Winter Olympics was held in 1994.
C. The first modern Olympics dates back to 1896.
D. The latest Winter Olympics will delay for two years.
13. How often were the ancient Olympics held?
A. Every year.
B. Every other year.
C. Every three years.
D. Every four years.
14. When did the ancient Olympics end?
A. In 393 A. D.
B. In 67 A. D.
C. In the mid-2nd century B. C.
D. About 1,500 years ago.
15. What is the best title of the text?
A. The ancient Olympics
B. The modern Olympics
C. The Olympics developed through years
D. The Olympics are popular in modern time
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项2021 is the Year of the Ox according to Chinese zodiac. InChinayou will find various ox figures made of gold, wood, plastic, paper, shell and stone on salein stores and on streets to celebrate the return.___16___ Centuries ago, most people earned their living through farming. For example, the ox was used to help plow, cultivate and carry heavy goods. Besides, the ox has long had a significant place in Chinese culture.___17___In the Classic of Poetry, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal was mentioned in nine out of the 305 pieces.
___18___To this day, the phrase "the spirit of ox" still refers to controlling anything that may present itself as an obstacle.___19___When someone achieves a great achievement through hard work, people often use "niu", meaning "awesome", to describe him or her.
Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear the strong.___20___This is reflected in a couplet from a poem by Lu Xun(1881-1936), "Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children", which fully expresses the poet's loyalty to the people.
So naturally, those who were born in the Year of the Ox are often expected to be hardworking, reliable and loyal. "They never seek to be the center of attention and do not look for praise," the websiteChinaHighlights noted.
A. They work hard and make sacrifices.
B. But why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs?
C. They never like to be the center of attention and enjoy being praised
D. The spirit is highly praised and many people follow it as their work rules.
E. Ancient Chinese poets and writers frequently described the ox in literature.
F. Those who were born in the Year of the Ox like to farm and carry heavy goods.
G. The ox is considered a symbol of diligence and earnestness in Chinese culture.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项One morning our new neighbor saw my grandfather planting two rare tree saplings(树苗）in our garden. And he also planted the same kind of tree saplings in his garden. My grandfather gave____21____enough amount of water to his plants and didn't always give them full___22___while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and___23___them too well. My grandfather's plants were simple but looked good,___24___our neighbor's plants were much fuller and greener.
Normally, in summer, we have strong thunderstorms called "Kalboishakhi" which can bring great damage to life and___25___. After a "Kalboishakhi", my grandparents and I came out to____26____the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor was in his garden, too, but look___27___as his plants were uprooted. Our plants weren't damaged and were standing___28___on the ground, our neighbor was___29___to see this, and he came up to my grandfather and said with___30___, I actually looked after my plants better than you did for yours.___31___, my trees came off from the roots, but yours didn't. How is this___32___?"
My grandfather smiled and said, "You gave your plants more attention and water, so they didn’t have the___33___to work themselves for anything. I gave them just the ample amount of and manure (肥料），letting their___34___search for more;thus they went deeper and made their position stronger, That is why my plants____35____With an expression of deep___36___our neighbour nodded___37___It made me realize then that though my grandfather was___38___with me on many occasions even during our vacations with his do's and don'ts, I became aware that anything___39___got or can go off that much more easily and we will not___40___the hard work it takes earn those things. "
21. A. mainly B. nearly C. barely D. exactly
22. A. hope B. support C. time D. attention
23. A. dealt with B. looked after C. brought up D. waited on
24. A. and B. while C. so D. or
25. A. animals B. land C.environment D. possessions
26. A. predict B. analyze C. check D. confirm
27. A. tired B. upset C. bored D. ashamed
28. A. firm B. still C. bent D. abnormal
29. A. disappointed B. relieved C. frightened D. surprised
30. A. anger B. sorrow C. embarrassment D. anxiety
31. A. Anyway B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
32. A. possible B. exciting C. alike D. suitable
33. A. reason B. need C. chance D. power
34. A. branches B. trunks C. leaves D. roots
35. A. survived B. twisted C. spread D. delayed
36. A. admiration B. doubt C. regret D. sadness
37. A. public B. peace C. approval D. turn
38. A. strict B. annoyed C. patient D. content
39. A. occasionally B. mistakenly C. secretly D. easily
40. A. understand B. accelerate C. oppose D. undertake
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The game of Go (围棋) is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago. In China, Go___41.___(recognize) as “hand conversations” as well, through which players communicate with each other.___42.___ other words, they “talk” through the placing of pieces on the board. The metaphor (比喻) first___43.___(use) by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty, reflects the nature of the game. While scholars of his time often lost___44.___(they) in philosophical (哲学的) debates on life and universe, he preferred to play Go___45.___he believed was full of hows and whys of life.
Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game: sometimes one can move forward, while at other times, one must slow down: sometimes one can___46.___(direct) face the challenger, at other times one must take an indirect approach. Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to___47.___one might solve a difficult problem of life. The purpose of___48.___(play) Go is not just to win but also, more importantly, to seek___49.___(wise) through the process. The players unite with each other on the board. Instead of fighting as___50.___(enemy), they cooperate to play a good game. One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上英语老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中至多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Ⅰ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,
I’d like to share my travel experience with you. During this summer holiday, my parents and me went on a trip to the capital city of Tibet, Lhasa, that is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the region.
We first visit the Potala Palace originally built in the 7thcentury. But then, we appreciated a rich collection of cultural treasures in Tibet Museum where we learned some useful historical knowledges about Tibet. During those days, we were all surprising by the natural scenery there, which made us to feel peaceful and quiet. I strong suggest that you travel to Tibet with me next time and I’m sure you will have wonderful time.
Looking forward to meet you soon.
Yours,
Wang Tao 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Once, there was a poor boy. He made a living by selling things from door to door. Through this, he could earn some money to pay for his school.
One day, as he was walking from house to house as usual, he felt very hungry and weak. He felt that he couldn't walk even a few steps. He decided to ask for food at a house. So he knocked at the door. He was amazed to see a very beautiful young girl open the door for him. He asked the girl for a glass of water instead of a meal.
The young girl thought he must be hungry and thirsty. So she offered him a huge glass of milk. With a surprised look, the boy drank the milk very slowly. At once, he felt he was full of energy.
"How much do I pay you for this milk?" he asked the girl.
"I do not want any money for this," she replied. "Morn has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness."
The boy thanked the girl from the bottom of his heart and left the place. As the boy left that house, he felt stronger physically. He thought he must do something else to help others.
Years passed by quickly. Both the boy and the young girl grew up. In the girl's youth, unluckily, she fell ill. She suffered from an uncommon disease. It was hard for the local doctors to cure her. Even many doctors with rich experience didn't know how to cure her. Finally, she was sent to a hospital in a big city. There were many excellent doctors and the most advanced skills in the hospital.
Dr. Kevin was a well-known doctor. He was called in by the hospital to examine the girl. When he heard the
name of the town that she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

He recognized the girl at once.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
Dr. Kevin asked the business office to pass the final bill to him.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A
12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C
16. B 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. A
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32.
A 33.
B 34. D 35. A 36.
C 37. C 38. A 39.
D 40. A
41. is recognized
42. In 43. used
44. themselves
45. which 46. directly
47. how 48. playing
49. wisdom 50. enemies
51.(1). me→I；
(2).that→which;
(3). visit→visited;
(4). But→And;
(5). knowledges→knowledge;
(6). surprising→surprised;
(7).去掉to；
(8). strong→strongly;
(9). have后加a;
(10). meet→meeting;
52.略。