2018中考英语考前辅导

2018中考英语考前辅导
名词
一.复数
Walkmans, humans, Indians, Germans, Romans
Englishman, Frenchman, postman, man, woman，salesman,把a 变成e
Chinese, Japanese, sheep , fish, spacecraft, aircraft 单复数同形
room 房间(可数. in Room 401 空间（不可数）there is no enough room for you.
fish 鱼儿（可数）many fishes/fish 鱼肉（不可数）I like eating fish.
二．名词做定语
1. sports: a sports shop/ meeting/ a pair of sports shoes/ sports news
2. clothes :a clothes shop/factory
3. a shoe factory, a school library, some apple/banana trees some toy trains, two boy/girl students
4. 前后都是复数some men doctors/ some women teachers (nurses).
5. on Children’s Day, on Teachers’ Days, on Women’s Day, on Father’s Day, on Mother’s Day
a l adies’ room, men’s shoes, the elephants’ trunks, yesterday’s concert, five minutes’ ride
an 800- meter race, a five-day holiday an 11-year-old girl, a one-and-a-half-hour film
三．名词所有格
1. Lily and Lucy’s father is a worker.
Lily’s and Kate’s fathers are workers.
2. in today’s newspaper, prepare for tomorrow’s /yesterday’s exam
3. three hours’ ride /walk= a three-hour ride/walk
this one-hour documentary= one hour’s documentary a one- hour film
a friend of mine, a friend of ours
a friend of my father’s =one of my father’s friends
5. a girl friend 一位女朋友 a girl’s friend 一个女孩的朋友.
四．名词构词法
mean-meaning feel-feeling shop-shopping meet-meeting train-training begin-beginning
act-action /activity celebrate-celebration decide-decision invite-invitation discuss-discussion ill-illness sick-sickness dark-darkness happy-happiness sad-sadness kind-kindness ugly-ugliness achieve-achievement argue-argument develop-development excite-excitement treat-treatment speak-speaker interview-interviewer win-winner write-writer run-runner paint-painter own-owner
visit-visitor invent-inventor survive-survivor direct-director act-actor
science-scientist piano-pianist tour-tourist art-artist
代词
1.主格-主语I went to the park without Jim and him.
2. 宾格-宾语take him and me to the park
He sits between her and him.
Everyone except Jim and me has read the book.
3. 物主代词This is my book, yours is over there. — Whose pen is it? Is it yours, Lily?
—- No, it isn’t. Maybe it is Lucy’s or somebody else’s.
3. 反身代词Help yourself/yourselves to some fish, my child/children.
He taught himself French.=He learned French by himself自学法语
The world itself is becoming smaller and smaller.
The stories themselves are interesting, but I don’t like them myself.
Keeping worries to themselves is not good.
注意：You should take something useful with you. (take sth. with sb.)
4.不定代词
（1）在疑问句中表请求建议时的用法。

Would you like something/something to eat?
How about something to eat?
Why not have something to eat? Why not read something?
Could I have something to eat?
（2）不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数
Everyone except Jim and me has read the book.
Has anyone called the police? Yes, they have.
Every one of us has been there.=Each of us has been there.=Everyone has been there.
（3）形容词，动词不定式做定语，位置后置。

I have something else special/important to tell you.
His h andwriting is better than anyone else’s in his class/any other student’s.
Nobody else is taller than him in his class.
This book isn’t anyone else’s. (It’s my own book.)
At last, they had families of their own.
Who does this book belong to? It belongs to m e.=It’s mine. It’s for me.
（4）针对不定代词提问的疑问句
-What’s in the box? -Nothing. -Who is in the room? -No one/Nobody.
-How many books are there on the shelf? -None. / -How much -None
5. 代词作直接宾语和主语时的易错句型
(1. I found him lying on the ground.
(2. I found he was lying on the ground.
(3. we all consider that he is a teacher.
(4. we all consider him (to be/as . a teacher.
6. it 的用法
重要句型It is + adj. +of / for sb. to do sth.
重要句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.
重要句型It is said/believed/reported/hoped that +从句
重要句型I think/find/feel it +adj. + to do sth.
重要句型it is +强调部分+that/who +其余部分
重要句型It’s time for sb. to do sth.
其余用法：
Reading English in the morning is useful, isn’t it? (代指动作.
Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? (代指不定代词.
My book is on the floor, pick it up for me please.(代指事物单数可数名词.
It is hot today. (代指天气.
It is 3 o’clock. (代指时间.
Someone is knocking at the door, go and see who it is? (代指不知道的人.
Look at the baby, it is lovely. (代指不知性别的宝宝.
冠词
一．定冠词的用法
1．世界上独一无二的事物前用the the sea/earth/sun/moon/land on the earth/ on Earth
2．上文中提到的名词，下文再次提到用the (但不能补充新信息，否则用a/an.
This is a boat in the picture. The boat is on the clean river.
Have you seen the book on the desk? Is it a comic?
3. 听说双方都知道的人或物用the Close the window, it is cold outside.
4. 名词后面有后置定语，前面用冠词the
Who’s the boy in white/wearing a white coat/with a pair of glasses?
5. 最高级前面加the This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
6. 序数词的后面加形容词的最高级Changjiang River is the third longest river in the world.
7. 乐器前用the play the piano/guitar/violin
8. 江河湖泊前用the take a boat trip along the Lijiang River
二．不定冠词
a useful language, a university, a used bike, a UFO, a one-eyed cat
an umbrella/engineer/experienced teacher/e-dog
an orange /honest boy /MP4 / ORBIS doctor/ eleven-year-old boy/ unusual day/ hour
二十六个字母的前面用an 字母有an “a/e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x” 注意a “u”
三、零冠词
球类名词表运动时不用冠词play volleyball/ play basketball
棋牌类名词表活动时play cards / play chess
一日三餐名词前表用餐时have dinner/have lunch/have supper
春夏秋泛指季节in spring/ in summer/ in autumn/ in winter
不可数名词指物质Water is important, we can’t live without it.
典型例子：
He speaks English very well. He wants to learn a second foreign language.
Neither of them knows English, he has to ask a third person for help.
He sings wonderfully. I have never heard a better voice before.
A one-hundred-metre-long river
数词
基数词和序数词
one- first two-second three- third four-fourth five-fifth
eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth nineteen-nineteenth, twenty-twentieth
thirty-thirtieth forty –fortieth fifty-fiftieth sixty-sixtieth seventy-seventieth eighty-eightieth ninety-ninetieth twenty-one —- twenty-first hundred-hundredth thousand-thousandth million- millionth billion-billionth
2. 数词的特殊用法．
（1）岁数in his forties 在他四十多岁时in his mid-thirties 在他四十五岁左右
（2）年代in the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代读成in the nineteen nineties
In the nineties 在九十年代in 1990 在1990年
At the beginning of the 21st/22nd/23rd century
（3）表日期on my second day in Shanghai
On May 1st读作on May the first 或on the first of May
（4）表次数This is my second visit to Beijing.=I’ve visited Beijing twice.
once 一次twice 两次three times三次twice bigger 大两倍
（5）表概数several hundred students 几百个学生many hundreds of students 数百上千的学生数万人many thousands of /tens of thousands of 数百万人millions of
（6）表具体数three hundred of the students three hundred students
one billion/hundred/billion
（7）表生日on his fortieth /fourteenth/ fourth /ninth/ nineteenth/ninetieth birthday
（8）表名次come first/ second/ third 获得第一/第二/第三win the first prize 获得一等奖
3. 分数
（1）分数的表达方式one third , three eighths /three-eighths.
（2）分数作主语时谓语动词形式
Two thirds of the class have raised money to Project Hope.
Two thirds/three quarters of the books are written in English.
One-fifth of milk is made in Shanghai.
拓展：The population of China is 13 billion.
Two thirds of the population are farmers.
连词
1．When 从句的谓语动词用延续性或非延续性
He was talking when the teacher came in. He was just getting off the motorbike when a bus hit it.
Please look after him when/while we are away.
When /While I was walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.
2. While 从句中谓语动词是延续性动词
Please look after him while we are away.
He was cooking while she was reading.
注：He likes apples while (然而) his brother likes oranges.
3. after/before
The shop opened a week ago./ The shop has been open for a week/ The shop has been open since a week ago. He has been to the USA before.
He went to bed after he finished his homework
4. until 主句中谓语动词是延续性动词,（主将从现，主过从过）
I waited here until he came back.
I will wait until you come back safely.
not …until 主句中谓语动词是非延续, （主将从现，主过从过）
Don’t come in until you’re told to.
How soon /When will he return to China? Not until next week.
形容词和副词
一、形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 比较等级fat, thin ,slim, wet, mad, hot ,sad ,glad, red, fit, flat 等双写
2. as +原级+as 和…一样He writes as well as I do
3. not as +原级+as 和…不一样Lily isn’t as tall as Lucy.
4. less…than… 不比more—-than more than/less than 2 hours
Swimming isn’t as interesting as skiing.
Swimming is less interesting than skiing.
Skiing is more interesting than swimming.
5. Who jumps farther, you or your brother?
Who is the taller of the two?
6.数词+more+名词= another +数词（one 除外）+ 名词
7.最高级:one of +最高级/ in, of (in our class / of the three/among 用最高级
Of all the students, Mingming works hardest.
8. 比较级表最高级。

Han Lei is the winner of I’m singer II. I can’t think of anyone with a better voice
9. 现在完成时修饰最高级The book is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
二、形容词和副词的转化
wise-wisely wild-wildly polite-politely easy-easily noisy-noisily healthy-healthily careless-carelessly angry-angrily lucky-luckily successful-successfully meaningful-meaningfully careful-carefully
high-high-highly wide-wide-widely deep-deep-deeply
terrible-terribly possible-possibly gentle-gently shy-shyly true-truly comfortable-comfortably
形容词和副词同形：high（高）、hard、early、late、close（近）、fast
三、名词转化为形容词
day-daily week-weekly month-monthly year-yearly friend-friendly love-lovely live-lively
sun-sunny rain-rainy fog-foggy snow-snowy wind-windy cloud-cloudy
east-eastern west-western south-southern north-northern
health-healthy wealth-wealthy shine-shiny noise-noisy luck-lucky
silence-silent difference-different confidence-confident difficulty-difficult
hunger-hungry anger-angry danger-dangerous humour-humorous
height-high strength-strong length-long
情态动词
1. can(现在时，could (过去时. -Could he swim at a very young age? -Yes, he could.
2. could 表语气委婉Could you tell me where he has been / he lives?
Of course. / Certainly.
Could I use your car？Yes，you can.
be able to do sth 过去时/现在时/将来时/完成时
was able to do / is able to do /will be able to do /have been able to do
May I…? No, you can’t / mustn’t / may not.
Must I …? No, you needn’t／you don’t have to. / you don’t need to.
Need I …? Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
mustn’t 不允许，禁止。

He mustn’t play on the road.
He must be Tom, isn’t he? 表肯定推测（must / may / might）
He can’t be Tom, is he? 表否定推测（can’t）
人+ need / needs to do sth. He needs to operate on the patient.
人+ need / needs to be done (表被动. He needs to be operated on by the doctor.
物+need(s) to be done = 物+ needs doing
The bike needs mending. = The bike needs to be mended.
反意疑问句
1. Let’s go skiing, shall we ? Let us go skiing, will you?
Jim, open the door, will you? Don’t sit down , will you?
no, little, few, never, seldom, hardly, none, no, nobody, no one, nothing 构成反意疑问句时，前面是否定，后面要用肯定
-He’s never late for school, is he? -No, he is always the first to come to school.
-He’s seldom stopped from smoking, is he? -Yes, the doctor often tells him not to smoke.
He has to look after her, doesn’t he?
He has never been there, has he?
Jim read English every morning, didn’t he?
-He had nothing for breakfast, did he? -Yes, he had some milk and bread.
You had better go, hadn’t you?
He had learned 100 English words by the end of l ast year, hadn’t he?
He feels unhappy, doesn’t he?
感叹句
What a/an +形容词+单数名词(+主语+谓语)！=How+形容词+主语+谓语！
What an exciting film it is! =How exciting the film is!
What a good news report it is!= How good the news report is!
2. What +形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！=How+形容词+主语+谓语！
What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!
What +形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）=How+形容词+主语+谓语
What beautiful music/ news/ information/ food/ advice/ weather it is!
=How beautiful the music/ news/ information/ food/ advice/weather is!
How +主语+谓语！
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！
特殊例子：How happy he looks at the party/ at the news=to hear the news!
How unhappy he looked// after he failed the exam!
How unhappily he looked at the dead dog!
What a good time/rest we had yesterday!
What a good meal/harvest(丰收) the farmers had last year!
What a great success it is!
动词不定式
主语：To protect/Protect ing the environment is everyone’s duty.
= It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
表语：My job is to introduce the pop star.
宾语：want /start /begin /would like /wish /hope /like /love /decide / plan /need /prepare /can’t wait to do cause/get sb. to do sth
4.宾补：ask/invite/tell/wish/expect/want/would like/advise/encourage sb (not. to do sth)
Everyone has been encouraged to go abroad for further study, haven’t they?
We were told to be here on time.
下列动词带动词不定式作宾补时省to(指主动语态.,如果是被动语态，一定要加to:
make / let /see /watch /hear /have / feel /notice sb do →sb be made/let/seen/watched/heard/noticed to do He was made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to sing a song.
5．目的状语：To get to the zoo , turn right
（区别：Getting the zoo is easy .=To get to the zoo is easy）
（Get to the zoo and you’ll find it ）
6．疑问词+动词不定式做宾语,可与宾语从句转换（除why）
I don’t know what to do next /how to do it next /what I should do
When / where to go / whether to do it
How to deal with it / what to do with it
Which to choose / which room to live in (place, space可省介词.
区别：I don’t know who has done it / did it
to go with / will go with him
I will go with.
祈使句
祈使句的类型
(1. Be+形容词/副词Be quiet, please.
(2. 动词原形开头Come here, please.
(3. Let+人称代词+动词原形Let’s talk about this problem.
(4. Let+人称代词+not do sth. let him not go out=Don’t let him go out
(5. Don’t +动词原形Don’t play football on the road. / Never give up.
(6. No+名词/动词-ing形式No photos. No smoking.
常用祈使句的并列句。

Use your head, and then you will find a way.
Work hard, or you will fail the exam.
祈使句的反问句
Let’s play basketball, shall we?
Let us go out of the classroom to play, will you?
Don’t talk aloud, will you?
Come with me to play on the beach, will you?
非谓语动词
一、动名词
1、动名词的固定短语
（1）finish/enjoy/ keep/practice/mind/miss/hate/love/mind/ suggest/give up /risk /imagine /regret /avoid /consider
（2）Have fun doing /enjoy oneself doing/ have a good time doing (注意：have enough/much time to do sth. (3). have difficulty doing (注意：此处difficulty 不可数。

区别have something difficult to do.
have problems /trouble doing / devote herself//devote much of her time to doing /
put one’s effort into doing / have success / be successful in doing sth / be worth doing look forward to doing/ be interested in doing/ be fond of doing / be afraid of doing
be crazy about doing / be afraid of doing/lose oneself in doing sth./ have a real gift for doing sth.
can’t help doing(情不自禁做某事.（注意: I’m sorry I can’t help (to. clean the classroom.）/
can’t stop doing（忍不住做某事）—can’t stop clapping hands with joy
pay attention to doing / be /get. used to doing sth / lead to doing sth / prefer doing sth to doing sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing sth We must prevent our environment from being polluted.
protect ———- from + n We must protect our environment from pollution.
(注意what great fan we had doing sth… e.g. What great fun we had making a snowman!
(what great fun it is to do sth. e.g. What great fun it is to make a snowman!
2．动名词做主语
Running and swimming are good for our health/mind and body.
Wearing blue or sleeping in a room is relaxing .
二、动词不定式，动名词现在分词
1. stop to do 停下来做某事forget to do 忘记要做remember to do sth
stop doing 停止干某事forget doing sth 忘记做了remember doing sth
2、begin/start to do =begin /start doing 人作主语
但如果用现在进行时，或物做主语是用to do。

Everything is beginning to grow.
3、现在分词see / watch / hear / feel / notice / hear / find sb doing sth
I saw him playing when I passed. / at that time.
He was seen playing when I passed / at that time
I can hear her singing. →She can be heard singing
主谓语一致
1. A with B / A together/along with B / A without B / A besides (包括.B / A except(不包括. B/ A like B
A including
B / A but B / A as well as B 谓语动词根据A来确定
2、A and B 谓语动词根据A、B 两者确定
3、either A or B / neither A nor B / not only A but also B
陈述句根据B来确定谓语动词，一般疑问句根据A来确定谓语动词（就近原则）
Either you or I am going. Have neither you nor he been abroad?
4、both A and B 谓语动词为复数
5（1）there be 结构谓语动词就近原则
There is some dried food and some apples
There are some apples and some dried food.
There is going to be a …, isn’t there?/ There are going to be two…, aren’t there?
There have been great changes in our hometown.
=Great changes have taken place / happened in our hometown. =Our hometown has changed a lot. There is a dog lying on the floor.
There is a book written by Luxun. / There is a book which/that was written by…
There is a man riding a bike there. / who is riding a bike there?
(2). There used to be a hospital here didn’t there ?/ usedn’t there?
（He used to be a geography teacher, didn’t he/ usedn’t he?）
6、分数/百分数+of + the +名词谓语动词的确定根据名词
Half of the work is finished. Half of the class have finished it.
7、The rest of +the+
Most of (all of .+the +名词)，谓语动词根据名词确定8.This /The/A pair of +复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数，宾语用复数
This pair of trainers costs me so little that I buy them.
is so cheap that I buy them.
The price of this pair of trainers was low. So I bought a pair.
This pair of black pants is mine, yours are blue.
注意：trousers, shoes, jeans, glasses, pants, chopsticks做主语，谓语动词用复数
9.不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数两个不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数
Beef is my favourite . Rice and wheat are grown in Jiangsu.
注意：water and land pollution is very serious
Size and body doesn’t matter.
10.The writer and worker is from Shanghai.这位作家兼工人来自上海（一个人）
The writer and the worker are from Shanghai.那位作家和那位工人来自上海（两个人）
11.在定语从句中谓语动词的确定取决于先行词
We like people who talk less and do more.
a person who talks less and does more.
He is the only one of the most popular teachers that has been abroad.
12.
Look! There he comes.
West of the lake is a college.
强调成员用复数，强调一个整体用单数
②The whole class /family/world 谓语动词一般用单数
14.不定代词可做主语，谓语动词用单数
(注意：We each like/ are .
② none of 谓语动词可单可复
15.the+姓复数“一家人”=the +姓+family
The Greens =The Green family are having supper now.
16.Maths/Physics/news/politics/computer studies/Home Economics 谓语动词用单数
17.more than one 谓语动词用单数more than two 谓语动词用复数
More than one attacker has been arrested.
two attackers have been arrested.
There was more than one attacker.
There were more than four suspects.
18.时间，价格，长度，距离做主语，谓语动词用单数
Twelve months is quite a long time.
Eight thousand dollars is enough.
Ten kilometres is far.
Ten years has passed.
区别：There are twelve months in a year.
基本时态
1.现在完成时：
so far/by now/until now/in the past /last few years/ in recent years/this year alone（仅这一年）/
during(over) the past year/ recently / these years/ since then/ before
I won’t go to the cinema ,because I have seen it.
I can’t get into the room, because I have left my key at home.
How clean the room is ! Who has tidied it?
It’s +段时间+since (过去时).
It’s more than ten years since Hong Kong returned to China. /How long is it since Hong Kong returned to China?
all one’s life/during one’s lifetime/in one’s life一般用完成时（人活着）用过去时（人死了）
短暂性动词转化为延续性动词（8B p32）
fall ill-have/has been ill He has been ill for 3 days.
catch a cold-have had a cold He has had a cold for 3 days.
become-be buy-have borrow-keep finish/end/stop- be over open- be open close- be closed begin/start- be on join/take part in- be in/ be a member fall asleep/ill- be asleep/ill
join the army- be in the army go to bed- be in bed go out – be out go- be away
leave- be away (from). turn on/off- be on/ off come to China- be in China get to know- know die- be dead get to /reach/arrive in Beijing- be in Beijing go/come/move/reach/ get to/arrive- be in/at—-(be here/there.
get married/marry- be married lose- be lost go to sleep/fall asleep- be asleep/sleep wake up —be awake
-How long has he been in China? -For 2 years.
-How many times has he been to France? -Twice.
He has gone to China. Where has he gone?
-Where have you (just) been? - I’ve just been to the teachers’ office.
-Where has he gone? - He’s gone to France.
2.过去进行时
①时间状语：at that time/moment at 8 last night from 6 to 7 last night at noon yesterday yesterday
②与状语从句连用when When I got home, Mother was cooking.
③I was just falling asleep when someone knocked at the door.
He was just getting off the bus when suddenly a motorbike hit him.
④— Can you tell me the answer? —-Sorry, I was copying the new words.
⑤—-I called you last night, but there was no reply. —- Sorry, I was having a party.
3.过去完成时
When the doctor arrived, the dog had died.
the dog had been dead for ten minutes.
After I had fed the dog, I took it for a walk．
I didn’t go to see the film yesterday because I had seen it twice．
She said she had seen the film twice．
We had learned 30000 English words by the end of last term.
区别：We haven’t heard from him since the end of last term.
We didn’t hear from him until the end of last term.
We didn’t hear from him at the end of last term.
4.现在进行时
look/ listen/keep quiet/Don’t make any noise, Mother is sleeping.
区别：Look! The bus /the train has stopped. Let’s get out..
The rain ______ (stop) now, let’s go out to have snowball fights.
被动语态
被动语态的构成。

被动语态是由“助动词be+过去分词”构成的。

一般省去发出动词的人，如需要强调动作或行为的发出者时，在后面加by…, 意思是“被……”.
e.g. A knife is used for cutting things./ to cut things.
常考的几种被动语态
一般现在时I am given a beautiful present.
一般将来时Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever.
一般过去时This book was written by Lu Xun.
含有情态动词的被动语态All the homework must be finished on time.
现在完成时的被动语态Many tall building have been built in the city center.
双宾语的被动语态。

在主动语态中give, send, pass, buy, get 等常常用双宾语结构，即:动词+sb.+sth.这种结构可以转化成动词+sth+介词+sb. 在转化为被动语态时，若间接宾语（表人）作为被动语态的主语时，则不加介词；若直接宾语（表物）作为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词。

e.g. My mother gave me a book yesterday.
= I was given a book by mother yesterday.= A book was given to me by my mother yesterday.
He bought me a book = A book was bought for me by him.
下列几种情况不用被动语态
happen / take place / grow well /sell well /work well / rise / appear / disappear / break down 坏了、break out（爆发）/ come out 出版沸腾鲜花开放/ come true 实现/ die /cost/belong to
This kind of weekly magazine comes out / is published once a week.
Has your car broken down before?
The price of the house has risen/has been raised recently. raise your voice.
How often do the Olympic Games take place / happen? 区别：How often are the Olympic Games held ?
A thief broke into the house. The house was broken into by a thief.
主动形式表被动意义
动词need, require, want 以及短语be well worth 等接doing形式，以主动表被动。

如：
The room need s cleanin g.
连系动词look，feel, get, turn, seen, become 等接形容词做表语时，常用主动表被动。

如：
The food looks nice but tastes bad.
表主语质地的动词如write，wash, sell, 等和well, easily 连用时，用主动表被动。

如：
The pen writes well.
宾语从句
1.连接代词that 引导陈述句，如：
（1）He tells me that he will go to Shanghai. （2）He told me that he would go to Shanghai.
连接代词who / which / what, 连接副词when, where, if，weather前的谓语动词应是“ask/wonder/doubt/be not sure/be not certain” 如：
（1）He asked why they were working hard at English.
（2）He asked whether they would go or not.
区别：He says that if he has time, he will go. （条从）
2.下面几个句子语序不变
He asks me what happened to her last night.
what’s wrong/ the matter/ the trouble.
3.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句所表达的是客观事实，谚语，真理，从句仍用一般现在时
e.g. Our physics teacher told us that light travels fast than sound.
定语从句
1. 先行词前面是最高级，是序数词，是不定代词，the only / the very，先行词既指人又指物用that
This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
2. This/It is the factory that / which he works in.=in which he works.=where he works.
区别：It’s in the factory that we once worked. 强调句
3.防止代词重复使用。

Make a list of the things that you want to buy them(删去)
The computer that I bought it (删去)yesterday is broken.
区别不同句子成分
Take away the things that you brought here yesterday. (定从)
Take away what you bought here yesterday. （宾从）
强调句
It is + 被强的部分+ that (指人和物. + 其他成分
It is + 被强的部分+ who (指人. + 其他成分
It is he that/who wants to see you.
It is him that/who I want to see.
It is 2 years ago that we met each other.
It is 2 years since we met each other.
It is you that / who make our story so perfect.
简单句和复合句之间的转化
宾语从句和宾语补足语的转化，如：
I often see he reads English in the morning
—— I often see him read English in the morning.
I found that he was very happy.—— I found him very happy.
宾语和宾语从句的转化，如：
I don’t know what I should say. ——I don’t know what to say.
The photos remind me that my dog died two years ago.
—The photos remind me of my dog’s d eath two years ago.
目的状语和目的状语从句的转化，如：
He got up early so that he could not miss the early train.
— He got up early (in order. not to miss the early train.
结果状语和结果状语从句的转化，如：
The maths problem is too difficult for us to work out
—- The maths problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out.
时间状语和时间状语从句的转化
She started to learn drawing when she was five years old.
—- she started to learn drawing at five years old,
定语和定语从句的转化
Do you know the man who is holding two books in his hand?
—- Do you know the man with two books in his hand.
7. 原因状语和原因状语从句的转化
People might float in space because the gravity is low.
because of the low gravity.
8.条件状语和条件状语从句的转化
Humans cannot survive if there is no water, food or oxygen
without water, food or oxygen
中考常用动词短语
Ask
ask sb. for help 向某人求助 2.ask for two days’ leave 请两天假 3. Ask the way 问路
Be
1.be used to 习惯于
2. be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出
3.be at home/work 在家/上班
4.be good at 擅长于
5.be careful of 当心，注意，仔细
6.be covered with 被……覆盖
7.be ready for 为……作好准备8.be surprised at. 对……感到惊讶
9.be interested in 对…感兴趣10.be born 出生11.be on 在进行，在上演，（灯）亮着
12. be afraid of sth/ be afraid to do sth./be afraid that… 害怕……/(不敢做)……/恐怕……
13.be able to do sth. 能够做……14.be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
15.be pleased with. 对……感到高兴(满意) 16.be famous for 以……而著名
17.be strict in/ sth. with sb.对….某事/某人严格要求18.be worth doing值得做……
19.be covered with 被…所覆盖……20.be in (great) need of (很)需要
21.be in trouble 处于困境中22.be made of (from) 由……制成
23.be satisfied with 对……感到满意24.be free 空闲的，有空
25.be (ill) in bed 卧病在床26.be busy doing (with) 忙于做…
Break
break out 爆发 2. break into 闯入 3.break down 出故障，抛锚
Come
e back 回来
e down 下来
e in 进入，进来
e on走吧，跟我来
e out出来
e out of 从……出来
7 come over 过来8. come up to向…走来
Fall
1. fall asleep 睡着
2. fall down 倒下
3.fall off 从……倒下=fall down from
4. fall over 绊倒
Get
1.get up 起身
2. get away from远离…
3.get down取下
4. get ready for =be ready for.为……作好准备
5. get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)
6.get into 进入
7. get to 到达
8. get into trouble陷入困境
9. get on/off 上/下(车，船，飞机等) 10.get (sth.) back 返回，要回
Give
1.give away 赠送
2.give out 颁发
3.give off 发出（气味等）
4.give back 归还，送回
5. give up 放弃
6. give sb. some advice给某人提建议
7. give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙8.give a talk作报告9.give lessons to sb. 给某人上课
Go
1.go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧
2. go down/along 沿着…走
3. go out for… 出去做….
4.go to school (college. 上学(上大学)
5.go to (the). hospital 去医院看病
6.go over 过一遍，复习
7.go fishing/skating/swimming 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳8. go on (doing) 继续(做……)
9. go for a walk 去散步10.go by流逝﹙时间﹚
Knock
1.knock it over 撞翻
2. knock my books and pens onto the floor 撞离开……地方
3.knock at/on 敲……
4. knock into 撞上…
5. knock … into …把…敲进…
6. knock down 撞倒
Look
1.look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面.
2.look up a word (in the dictionary. 查字典
3.look up 往上看，仰望
4.look after 照管，照看，照顾
5.look for 寻找
6.look like 看上去像
7.look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑
8.look out 当心，小心9.look on …as… 把……看作…… 10.look around 朝四周看
11.look at 看着…… 12.look down on 藐视13.look over 检查（身体等）
14.look forward to盼望15.look through浏览
Put
1.put on 穿上(衣服.，戴上(帽子)，上演(戏剧)
2.put up 建造，搭起，挂起，举起，张帖
3.put into 使进入，输入
4. put in 按装
5.put away 把…收拾起来
6.put out熄灭8.put off 推迟
Set
1.set up 竖起，建起
2.set off 出发，动身，燃放
3.set out 出发
4.set an example for 为……树立榜样
Take
1.take one’s advice 听从某人劝告
2.take out 拿出，取出
3. take a walk/rest 散步/休息
4.take one’s place 坐……的座位，代替某人职务
5.take the place of 代替……
6. take place 发生
7.take it easy 别紧张
8.take sth. with sb. 随身带着
9.take care of 关心，照顾，保管10.take sb. to a park for one’s holidays 带某人去公园度假
11.take back 收回，带回12.take a( last ) look at (最后)看一看……
13.take an exam 参加考试14.take away 拿走15.take hold of 抓住……
16.take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等) 拿掉17.take photos 拍照
18.take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动) 19.take some medicine 服药
20.take down 拿下21.take up 占据（时间，空间）
Turn
1.turn on 开，旋开(电灯，收音机等)
2.turn off 关上(电灯，收音机等)
3.turn in 交出，上交
4.turn…into… 变成
5.turn to 翻到，转向
6.turn down (把音量)调低
7. turn up (把音量)调高
8.turn…over 把……翻过来
9. turn around 转过身
其他与介词或副词有关的短语
1.pay for 付……的款
2.wait for 等候
3.thank for 为……感谢
4.feel sorry for sth. 为某事感到歉意
5.look for 寻找
6.leave…for 离开…去…
7.agree with sb.同意某人的意见8.filled…with 把……装满9. hold a meeting 举行会议
10.think about 考虑…… 11.worry about 担忧……12.look after照料
13.run after 追赶，跟在后面跑 14.hurry up 赶快，快点15.smile at 对……微笑。