八年级英语Unit 11 part 1北师大版知识精讲

初二英语Unit 11 part 1北师大版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 11 part 1
继续学习现在完成时来描述经历
二. 教学重点：
1. 现在完成时中ever, never 的使用。

2. 现在完成时中的两种动词的使用。

3. 现在完成时与一般现在时，一般过去时的区分。

4. 重点词组。

三. 具体内容：
（一）Present perfect with ever and never.
e.g.
Have you ever seen a polar bear?
I have never seen a polar bear.
Have you ever forgotten your homework?
No, never.
I’ve seen a dolphin, but I’ve never seen a whale.
（二）Two types of verbs in the present perfect.
1. There are two types of verbs in the present perfect. One type refers to an action that starts in the past and continues to the present. The time phrases with for or since are used with this type of verbs.
e.g.
He has had the book for three weeks.
I have worked here for two months.
He has been a teacher for ten years.
They have lived in Canada since 1997.
He has taught me since I came to this school.
注意：for + 时间段如：for ten years
since +时间点如：since nine o’clock
since + 时间段+ ago：since ten years ago
since + 一般过去时态从句(主句是现在完成时)
e.g.
(1) They have lived in China _____ 1998.
(2) We have studied English _____ 5 years.
(3) Joy _____ ______ (learn) Chinese since she _____ (come) to China .
2. The other type refers to an action that took place at a specific time in the past and cannot continue. Usually, for or since are not used.
e.g.
He has bought a book.
The film has begun.
I have borrowed a book from the library.
注意：瞬间动作不能与表示一段时间的短语连用，应改用持续性动词。

常见的瞬间动词与持续性动词的转换。

come/go –be in/on go out –be out
leave –be away begin/start –be on
buy –have borrow/lend –keep
join –be a member die –be dead
catch a cold –have a cold become –be
fall asleep –be asleep open –be open
get to know –know close-be closed
Ex. Fill in the blanks.
1. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。

I’ve _____ the bike _____ two years.
2. He left Nanjing two years ago.
He _____ _____ _____ _____ Nanjing for two years.
3. The monkey died last month.
The monkey _____ _____ _____ for a month.
4. A: Hong long _____ you ____?
B: Two weeks.
A. did, get ill B have, fallen ill
C. were, ill
D. have, been ill
（三）现在完成时与一般现在时的区分：
一般现在时表示现在较长时间内经常习惯性的动作或状态，不含有影响和结果的意味。

而现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。

e.g.
He works at our school.
He has worked in our school for ten years.
（四）现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：
虽然动作都发生在过去，但它们强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响，而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重现在的影响，而一般过去时侧重于发生的时间。

e.g.
I have seen the film.
I saw the film three days ago.
Mr. Green has bought a new computer.
Mr. Green bought a new computer yesterday.
另外，与它们搭配的时间状语也不同。

一般过去时常与…ago, just now, last…, yesterday…连用；而现在完成时与already, yet, just, ever, never, for…, since…连用。

e.g.
She has lived here since two years ago.
She lived here two years ago.
Ex.
1. —I have seen the film Titanic already.
—When you it?
—The day before yesterday.
A. have, seen
B. will, see
C. did, see
D. did, seen
2. Mr. Black in China since five years ago.
A. lived
B. has lived
C. lives
D. is going to live
3. We trees last Sunday. So far we over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted, planted
B. planted, have planted
C. have planted, planted
D. have planted, have planted
（五）重点词组。

1. continue to do
The old man continued to work for his company after he retired.
Most the students will continue to study in the same school next year.
2. help sb. (to) do sth.
Children should help their parents to do some housework.
3. make sb. do sth.
His boss often makes him overwork.
4. close to
Our home is close to the school.
5. feel +adj.
He always feels sleepy in the class.
6. happen to
She happen to be out when I called last night.
［课堂练习］
I. 用适当的词填空。

never / ever/ just/ yet/ already
1. I’ve seen an elephant, but I’ve _______ seen a bear.
2. Have you ______ ridden a horse? No, ________.
3. Have you ______ cleaned the room? No, not ________.
4. I’ve _____ come back from the bank. I’m very tired.
5. Have you finished your homework ______? Yes，I’ve _______ done that.
II. 用动词的适当形式填空
1. He (work) in the Wildlife Park since he left school.
2. Look at the polar bear over there! It (swim) in the pool.
3. The kangaroo can jump very far, and it often (put) its baby in the front pocket.
4. There (be) more and more trees appearing on the hill.
5. you ever (see) a koala?
6. The organization’s goal is (stop) drugs.
7. Would you like (see) crocodiles in the zoo? There are some new comings.
8. In fact, it is the largest animal that ever (exist).
9. This kind of plane can (land) anywhere: on land, on water or even on a roof.
10. The male lion (do) most of the hunting for the family.
III. 连词组句
1. how , a , been , vet , you , long , have
2. they, lived , since , in China , 1997, have
3. he, had , shirt ,the , has , for , two , years
4. how, he , long , has , of , , vet , summer , the , a since , been
以上答案请见名师面授！
【模拟试题】（答题时间：25分钟）
一、句型转换
1. I have seen a kangaroo. （否定句）
2. He has already cleaned the car. （否定句）
3. I have ever seen a panda. （否定句）
4. She has never seen a fox. （疑问句）
5. Have you finished your homework? （画线提问）
6. Has he ever been to Rome? （否定回答）
7. Lisa has had the book for three years.（画线提问）
8. The Greens have stayed at this hotel.（画线提问）
二、翻译句子
1. 你见过熊猫吗？
2. 我见过海豚，但没有见过鲸
3. 安娜从没见过北极熊。

4. 他们从没在太平洋游过泳。

5. 你最喜欢哪种动物？
三、完形填空
Mr. Wine was an old man whose eyes were getting poor. One day he came to stay in a hotel room with a bottle of whisky in 1 hand. One the wall there was a fly which he took for a nail. So the moment he hung them on, the bottles fell broken and the liquid ran all over the floor. When the lady of the hotel discovered what had 2 , she decided to do 3 for him. So the next morning when he was out taking a walk in the roof garden, she 4 the hotel worker to hammer a nail 5 the wall where the fly had stayed.
Now Mr. Wine 6 his room, the smell of the whisky made him think of the accident. He looked at the spot unhappily. He suddenly 7 the fly was there again. He was 8 angry that he lifted his big 9 and hit it with all his strength. On hearing a loud cry, the lady of the hotel rushed in. To her 10 , she saw the poor old man sitting on the floor, his teeth clenched and his right hand bleeding.
( ) 1. A. a B. one C. each D. both
( ) 2. A. broken out B. happened C. taken place D. been lost
( ) 3. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
( ) 4. A. let B. promised C. hoped D. told
( ) 5. A. correctly B. exactly C. quickly D. nearby
( ) 6. A. reached B. entered C. rushed into D. walked to ( ) 7. A. found out B. founded out C. found D. founded ( ) 8. A. such B. so C. very D. too ( ) 9. A. foot B. head C. hand D. bottle ( ) 10. A. joy B. disappointment C. sadness D. surprise
【试题答案】
一、
1. I haven’t seen a kangaroo.
2. He hasn’t cleaned the car yet.
3. I have not seen a panda.
4. Has she never seen a fox?
5. What have you done?
6. No, never.
7. How long has Lisa had the book?
8. Where have the Greens stayed?
二、
1. Have you ever seen a panda?
2. I’ve seen a dolphin, but I haven’t seen a whale.
3. Anna has never seen a polar bear.
4. They have never swum in the Pacific Ocean.
5. What kind of animal do you like best?
三、
1~5 CBCDB 6~10BCBCD。