EVOLUTION

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ARCHAEOPTERYX
BirdDinosaur link
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COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
compare anatomy of species to infer (figure out) evolutionary relationships.
• Robert Hooke 1668 says they’re not rocks- smarty pants, not just microscope dude.
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STRATA
successi
ve
layers ofrockdeposited
over
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Geologic History of Earth The Fossil Record
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FOSSILS
• Traces of long-dead organisms (10,000 years old at the least 2B fossil).
• Found in sedimentary rock.
• Examples: cast, mold, or petrified.
EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 15
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EVOLUTION IS CHANGE OVER TIME
• Orderly succession of changes.
• Change of populations
of organisms over generations.
• Fossil record
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HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Are similar
features that
originated in a
common
ancestor that are
adapted for
different
fu2n02c1/4t/4ions.
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homologous structures reveal common ancestry and a pattern of evolution called DIVERGENT EVOLUTION.
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LAW OF SUPERPOSITION
1. Successive layers of rock or soil were deposited by wind or water.
2. Lowest STRATUM is the oldest.
3. Top STRATUM is the most recent.
4. Relative or absolute age can be determined.
5. Patterns of mass extinctions.
6.
5 so far (we are in the 6th)
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GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF EARTH
• ARCHEAN- prokaryotes arise • PROTEROZOIC- eukaryotes arise • PALEOZOIC- marine invertebrates,
fish, amphibians, reptiles, land and seed plants arise • MESOZOIC- dinosaurs rule • CENOZOIC- mammals diversify
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DISCOVERIES FROM THE FOSSIL
• Earth’s history is moRreEtChOanR1D00,000 times longer
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1. Homologous Structures reveal the pattern of divergent evolution.
2. Analogous Structures reveal a pattern called convergent evolution.
1. 3. Vestigial Structures show divergence from an ancestor.
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ANALAGOUS STRUCTURES
Look-alike structures in unrelated species form as a response t similar “selection pressures” ex. The fat insulated, streamlined bodies of penguins (bird), sharks (fish) and dolphins (mammal
5 so far and we are currently in the 6th one
• Biogeography (studying the global distribution of fossils and living organisms) shows a logical pattern. ie.20k21a/4/n4 garoos only live (Australia) where kangar1o0 o
than recorded human history (4.5 billion NOT 6K years).
• Pattern: species appear-exist-disappear-new arise etc.
• Mass extinctions due to drastic environmental change.
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shows a
modification
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EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
1. The Fossil record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Embryology 4. Biochemistry 5. Real life Examples 6. DNA