复合句定语从句

复合句——定语从句
1.Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair. 句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
先行词关系词定语从句
关系代词关系副词when, why, where
who, what,that, whom,whose
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

定语从句的基本结构：主句（包括先行词）+ 关系词+ 定语从句。

其中对关系词的考查是中考重要的考点。

关系词作用：
1.代替先行词;
２．它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。

（把主句和从句连起来）
关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。

关系词判断步骤 :
首先，要看先行词。

如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who,that,whom,whose。

如果先行词指物,关系
代词可用which或that;
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。

请看下表
最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。

The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
①定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。

引导词充当成分先行词
关系代词
that 主语、宾语人、物who 主语、宾语人whom 宾语人which 主语、宾语物whose 定语（后须接名词）人、物
关系副词when
状语
时间where 地点why 原因
②当关系代词which, that, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，也可以省略。

③在一般情况下，关系代词that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互换，但在下列几种情况下，常只用that：△当先行词是不定代词时；△当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；
△当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时；△当先行词既有人又有物时。

△当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用that。

1.This is the most interesting story(__________ )I have ever heard.
2.Here is something( _________) I will tell you.
3.I can remember well t he persons and some pictures (___________) I see.
4.Is it the one ___________ you want ?
5. Who is the woman ___________was praised at the meeting?
④that和who不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，应使用关系代词whom，which置于介词后
（但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that 作引导词，而且可以省略。

）
如：［正］This is the room (that/ which) the old man lives in. ［正］This is the room in which the old man lives ［误］This is the room in that the old man lives
在定语从句中作介词宾语，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the man about whom they were talking.
【策略指导】
解决有关定语从句的题目时，首先要根据先行词确定好关系词，同时要记住一些特殊情况，这样才能做到万无一失。

定语从句的用法:
1.当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.
These are the trees _______________ were planted last year.
which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
Is this the library (which/that) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
2.当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, that引导.
The man _____________is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ( )
The boy who /that sits in front of me is Tom. ( )
The man (whom/who/that) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)
who, whom, whose, that用法区别.
1.who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
2.Whom 作定语从句的宾语,在口语和非正式文体中常用who代替，可以省略.
The woman (whom/who/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who/that) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
3.Whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
【真题再现】
1. He is the only student _____plays table tennis better than Jim.
A. why
B. where
C. that
D. which
解析：题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，先行词the only student是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，关系代词that可指代人。

why和where是可引导定语从句的关系副词，why表原因，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(reason等)，when 表时间，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(time, day, hour, year等)。

2. This is the dictionary _____ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which
B. what
C. whose
D. whom
解析：该定语从句中的先行词the dictionary是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，关系代词which可指代物。

关系代词whose可指代人（的），也可指代物（的），但在从句中常作定语；关系代词whom一般都指代人，在从句中常作宾语。

而what不引导定语从句。

3. This is the question _____ we are talking about now.
A. that
B. who
C. where
D. when
解析：在这里先行词是the question，指物，关系代词that可以指代物，而其他选项不可指代物。

4. Jack, there is someone in the office _____would like to speak with you.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. when
解析：在这里先行词是someone，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语。

关系代词who和whom都可指代人，但whom在从句中充当宾语。

而关系代词which一般指代物。

5. We know Jackie Chan _____ movies are very popular with the young.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
解析：该句中先行词是Jackie Chan，关系代词在从句中作定语，选项中只有A项符合题意。

【现场练兵】
用关系代词填空
2.The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
3.The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
4.I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
5.The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.
6.The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
7. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
8.This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
9.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.
10.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.
11.Say all ________ you know.
12.Is there anything ______ I can do for you?
单项选择
( ) 1. —There are many volunteers _____are helping the children in Sichuan.
—And most of them are college students.
A. which
B. when
C. whose
D. who
( ) 2. —Who is the woman _____ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mrs. Baker, our new math teacher.
A.whose
B. that
C. whom
D. Which
( )3.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
( )4.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
( )5.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
( )6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. Which
D. in which
( )7.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
( )8.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. Who
( )9. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.
A. would have
B. have had
C. had never had
D. had ever had
( )10. Do you know which hotel __________?
A. she is staying
B. she is staying in
C. is she staying
D. is she staying in
( )11. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which。