供应链管理习题答案
供应链管理习题答案
供应链管理习题一、单项选择题每题2分,15题,共30分1、传统管理模式下生产方式的主要特征不含C ;A、少品种B、大批量生产C、柔性D、专用流水线2、A主要体现供应链的物理功能,即以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件、半成品、产品,以及在供应链中的运输等;A、有效性供应链B、反应性供应链C、稳定供应链D、动态供应链3、许多企业已经普遍将信息系统业务,在规定的服务水平基础上外包给应用服务提供商ASP,由其管理并提供用户所需要的信息服务;这是属于D业务外包的方式;A、研发外包B、生产外包C、脑力资源外包D、应用服务外包4、A是指在竞争、合作、动态的市场环境中,由若干个供方、需方等实体自主、半自主构成的快速响应环境变化的动态供需网络;A、敏捷供应链B、稳定供应链C、反应性供应链D、平衡供应链5、提供功能性产品的公司的一个极重要的目标是BA、提高边际利润B、降低总成本C、加快市场反应D、降低总库存6、信息技术高度发展以及在供应链节点企业间的高度集成,供应链节点企业间的合作关系最终集成为D ;A、传统关系物流关系C、合作伙伴关系D、网络资源关系7、传统的生产计划决策模式是一种集中式决策,而供应链管理环境下生产计划的决策模式是B决策过程.A、分布式B、分布式群体C、集中群体D、分权式8、B是指需求变化独立于人们的主观控制能力之外,因而其数量与出现的概率是随机的、不确定的、模糊的;A、单一需求B、独立需求C、多需求D、相关需求9、下列C不是供应链管理环境下采购的特点;A、为订单而采购B、从采购管理向外部资源管理转变C、为库存而采购D、从一般买卖关系向战略协作伙伴关系转变10、在需求变异加速放大的原因中, A是需求放大的主要原因;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、价格波动D、短缺博弈11、供应链中的信息流控制模式中,各部门对信息的流向及内容有决定权,能灵活掌握信息需求及信息传播的时间、地点和方式,但企业不能从整体上把握信息的流向及内容,缺乏宏观调控能力并导致信息流的混乱及无序,管理效率下降,严重的情况将会是导致管理失控；这种模式是B ;A、集中控制模式B、分散控制模式C、综合式D、B/S模式12、在企业目前工作流程存在的问题中,是由于分工过细造成的问题是C ;A、无人负责整个经营过程,缺乏全心全意为顾客服务的意识B、组织机构臃肿,助长官僚作风C、员工技能单一,适应性差D、资源闲置和重复劳动,症结是内部信息纵向和横向沟通不够13、关于BPR与TQM不同的地方说法不正确的是D ;A、TQM并未触及企业原有的组织机构和工作方式,从本质上说是一种追加式改进；B、BPR是打破旧有的业务流程,再造新的流程的彻底变革;C、实施方式上,BPR是自上而下,TQM则是自下而上的实施过程;D、BPR与TQM在本质上是一样的;14、在物流管理组织结构的演变中,试图在一个高层经理的领导下,统一所有的物流功能和运作,目的是对所有原材料和制成品的运输和存储进行战略管理,以使企业产生最大利益;这种组织基本上是属于D ;A、传统物流管理组织结构B、简单功能集合的物流组织形式C、物流功能独立的组织形式D、一体化物流组织形式15、在ECR系统的构建中的在零售环节, A是管理的重点;A、营销技术 B、物流技术C、信息技术D、组织革新技术我二、多项选择题每题2分,10题,共20分1、下列ABCDE体现了供应链管理的管理思想A、强调核心竞争力 B、资源外用OutsourcingC、合作性竞争D、延迟制造Postponement原则；E、以顾客满意度为目标的服务化管理；2、供应链设计的主要内容有ABC A、供应链成员及合作伙伴选择 B、网络结构设计C、供应链运行基本规则D、协调机制E、生产物流的计划与控制体系的建立3、核心竞争力的主要特点是ABCD ;A、价值优越性B、难替代性C、差异性D、可延伸性E、可复制性4、根据计划来管理企业的生产经营活动,叫做计划管理,计划管理是一个过程,通常包括ABCE阶段;A、编制计划B、执行计划C、检查计划完成情况D、组织E、制定改进措施5、供应链管理环境下的生产计划与传统生产计划有显着的不同;在制定生产计划的过程中,主要面临以下ABC方面的问题;A、柔性约束 B、生产进度C、生产能力D、组织设计E、物流管理6、需求变异加速放大的原因ABDE ;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、多级库存D、短缺博弈E、价格波动7、VMI的基本思想有BCDE ;A、联合进行管理库存B、使双方成本最小互惠原则C、框架协议目标一致性原则D、连续改进原则E、合作精神合作性原则8、第三方物流公司的未来前景可以向以下ACDE方面努力;A、老主顾外包其他业务B、实施联合运输方式C、开发物流信息管理系统D、处理供应链末端任务E、整合供应链作业9、下列ABCD在供应链管理中的应用比较广泛;A、Internet/Intranet技术、WEB技术B、MRP、MRPII 、ERP、CRM、JIT、CIMSC、CAD/CAMD、BR、RFID、GIS、GPS、EDIE、航空航天技术10、CPFR的主要特点有ABCE ;A、协同B、规划C、预测D、战略E、补货三、判断题正确的打“√”, 错误的打“×”;每题2分,10题,共20分1、供应链结构模式比一般单个企业的结构模式更为简单; ×2、依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序,供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程; √3、供应链管理的实施目标之一是总成本最低化,总成本最低化目标是指运输费用或库存成本;×4、供应链之间的竞争实质上是时间竞争; √5、供应商在供应链上扮演着一个至关重要的角色,是链中物流的始发点,是资金流的开始,同时又是反馈信息流的终点; √6、第四方物流是第三方物流公司为其客户提供一种增值服务,主要是解决物流规划功能外包问题的物流方案; ×7、从系统开发的角度,客户关系管理是帮助企业以一定的组织方式来管理客户的互联网软件系统; √8、MC模式的关键是实现产品标准化和制造柔性化之间的平衡; √9、连续性检查的固定订货量、固定订货点策略,即Q, R策略;该策略的基本思想是：对库存进行连续性检查,当库存降低到订货点水平R时,即发出一个订货,每次的订货量要发生变化; ×10、联合库存管理Joint Managed Inventory,JMI是指由供应商和用户联合管理库存; ×四、案例分析题每小问题5分,6小题,共30分阅读以下案例资料,然后回答问题物流外包背后的真正问题1、区域经理的物流尴尬日趋激烈的市场竞争,加之消费的多元化和个性化,都对企业现有的生产经营及管理形成了新的考验,要想扩大利润空间,难度越来越高;提高要货满意率,减少库存量,让产品飞快地转起来,这都是企业亟待解决的物流问题;尤其是国内目前的服装类公司;如果物流管理无法规范,企业每年三分之一,甚至是二分之一的利润都可能被侵蚀掉;作为北京区域总经理的林华对自己一手创办起来的“依狼”成衣品牌的物流管理也遇到同样的问题;林华也曾想过把成衣物流外包出去,但是遍寻市场都找不到一家合适的第三方物流企业;于是,自建物流公司的想法便顺理成章的跳入林华脑中;2、行业分析90年代中期以来,部分企业依靠劳动力资源优势从事OEM和中低档产品,在国内需要增长、国外品牌进入较少的条件下取得了一定的知名度和市场份额;但当时的需求增长、国外品牌进入较少,这掩盖了许多产品与销售费用方面的缺点;进入新世纪以来,国内市场的出现了以服装消费占居民总消费比例下降而引起的需求总量增长减缓,及服装消费休闲化和时尚化的趋势;这些变化对国内成衣企业单品种大规模的生产发展模式构成冲击：消费多元化和个性化发展使市场变数增加,对企业现有生产经营及管理模式形成挑战；品牌定位模糊及中低档次产品的过度竞争导致服装价格持续下降,使企业的利润空间不断缩小;竞争直接导致了营销渠道的剧烈变化;厂商为保持竞争优势,渠道下沉、全力支持终端已经成为必然选择;从产品来讲,中档男性西服、中档男性衬衫、中档男性休闲服、中高档男性西服市场较大;但是这些偏重款式的成衣在时效性方面要求是很高的——这尤其体现在终端对厂家的物流服务要求,因此北京区网点对林华指挥的分销渠道的速度、存货管理能力提出了更高的要求;3、自营物流还是外包在服装行业,象李宁一样的大型多生产和分销的服装企业,成立物流公司的模式值得考虑；但对依狼这样以成衣为主营业务的企业来说,除非战略向多元化发展,否则难去支撑以自营的方式建立物流公司的运作方式;尤其在企业物流管理能力不高的情况下,自建物流的运作成本更可能高于现有的物流成本林华的公司目前面临的物流问题主要表现在这几个方面：1物流网络结构不合理,缺乏一套严格而行之有效的物流管理制度和操作流程；2缺乏一套针对全过程的信息管理系统来实时控制定单和库存状况；3在物流供应商选择上缺乏长期意识,没能够培养出一个战略合作伙伴;通过分析,从表面上看,为林华提供服务的第三方物流企业的服务素质偏低,操作不专业,自然而然地成了替罪羊,掩盖了其他一切问题;第三方物流的“弱质”实际上有两方面的原因：一是由于服装行业的成长非常快速,以往的仓储以及配送业务均由制造企业或者大的代理商独立承担,第三方物流企业缺乏服装产品的运作经验；二是由于制造企业没有自身的物流运作规范,把业务外包后就撒手不管了,这就造成物流供应商只能在以往客户物流运作系统的操作基础上逐步改善,往往事倍功半;实际上,物流经营模式的选择一般取决于两个因素的平衡：一是物流对企业成功的关键程度,二是企业物流管理的能力;从林华来看,它所面对的服装物流对企业成功的关键程度高,但企业物流管理的能力还有待提高;所以在现阶段,如果建立物流公司,不是一种最佳选择;物流只是支持企业发展的其中一个部分,营销、财务、采购、财务等等方面的政策对企业整体的绩效起决定性作用,并直接对物流运作的结果带来直接的影响;因此,在进行物流变革的同时应该对上述主要的企业职能进行全盘的规划和统筹,这才是林华的变革之道;“这就是现实问题的本质”4、变革之道从物流、库存管理最需要的“数据基础”方面说起——现在的依狼北京公司,在分销渠道上的预测基本靠不定期的人工经验判断,而且各销售分支机构不能快速汇总结果,从而根本新形不成指导分公司各部门协调工作的基础——更别说指导第三方物流商精细运作了原因分析：虽然“数据分析不足”有市场变化难以捉摸的因素,但没有基础数据,没有科学的预测方法,这是最大的问题——当然实际上根本就是分公司乃至全公司没有建立数据收集、分析到发布的完整体系;而正是数据分析不足带来的可怕的“牛鞭效应”终端要货量上下变动幅度过大,让林华和他的物流服务商都头疼得要死;所以林华企业物流管理的重点应在于营销、财务、采购、物流之间的协调,根据营销渠道的发展,联合一些大的物流企业,解决干线配送,区域配送的主体模式;根据日常营销数据,利用信息技术处理日常业务的速度,提供预测的基础数据,不断微调具体的运输过程,并严格进行物流外包以后的管理,这些是目前最应该做的事情;具体可以按照这几个步骤开展：第一,对公司的物流成本进行一次彻底的审计,找出物流成本所在,是销售问题还是物流运作本身的问题；第二,根据审计结果,发现物流能力和业务需求的差距,建立物流运作的绩效考核机制,确认改进的方向；第三,建立一个一体化的物流服务体系,其中包括信息系统,组织结构,业务流程和基础设施,对目前的分销供应链进行优化；第四,信息系统一定要保证物流全过程的实时可见；同时,实现物流部门和业务运作部门的良性互动,尤其是销售预测和库存计划;第五,和物流供应商签定基于客户服务的一揽子协议,用量化的指标来考评;阅读以上案例资料,回答下列问题每题5分,6小题,共30分1、在物流管理上,服装行业普遍存在哪些问题2、服装市场需求发生了哪些变化3、林华的公司目前面临的物流问题主要表现在哪些方面4、在为服装企业提供第三方物流服务的公司出现问题的主要原因有哪些5、林华的公司选择物流模式的主要影响因素有哪些6、林华的公司如何变革物流管理。
供应链管理习题库及参考答案
供应链管理习题库及参考答案1.供应链是生产及流通过程中，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织，其英文简写为SCM。
2.供应链管理的目的是既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本。
3.供应链的特征包括动态性、面向用户需求、交叉性，但不包括静态性。
4.供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条增值链。
5.商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的双向流动。
6.供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。
7.以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库存和运输成本，这种供应链属于有效型供应链。
8.在客户市场需求稳定，且生产的产品相对成熟的情况下，效率型供应链更能发挥竞争优势。
9.基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为稳定的供应链。
10.在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是倾斜供应链。
11.当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是招标法。
12.对于长期合作需求而言，合作伙伴应选择战略性合作伙伴。
13.供应链合作关系特征不包括供应链的动态性。
1.供应链的有效运营需要考虑灵敏度、应变能力、精简、柔性和协调等方面。
2.简洁性原则是供应链设计的重要原则之一，每个节点都应该精简、具有活力，并能够快速组合业务流程以快速响应市场。
3.功能性产品和创新性产品是按市场需求模式分类的两种产品类型，钢铁属于功能性产品。
4.平均缺货率高不属于功能性产品的特征。
5.边际贡献率5％－20％、产品生命周期为3个月－1年、平均缺货率10％－40％属于功能型产品的特征。
6.季末降价率高属于创新型产品的特征。
7.在为企业寻找有效的供应链前，需要确定市场需求、企业供应链类型和业务战略，并使它们相匹配和相适应，以实现产品和供应链的有效组合。
8.产品生命周期引入期的供应链策略之一是高频率、小批量的发货。
《供应链管理》习题答案
习题目录第1章绪论 (1)第2章供应链的设计和构建 (4)第3章供应链管理方法 (9)第4章供应链合作伙伴关系管理 (11)第5章供应链采购管理 (13)第6章供应链库存管理 (17)第7章供应链物流管理 (19)第8章供应链风险管理 (21)第9章供应链绩效管理 (23)第1章绪论【习题答案】1．选择题（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）B（6）C（7）D（8）A（9）C2．简答题（1）供应链的概念。
答：供应链是指围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的网链结构和模式。
（2）供应链包括哪4个流程？答：供应链一般包括物资流通、商业流通、信息流通、资金流通4个流程。
（3）简述推式供应链和拉式供应链的优缺点。
答：推式供应链的优点：能够稳定供应链的生产符合，提高机器设备利用率，缩短提前期，增加交货可能性。
缺点：需要有较多的原材料、在制品和制成品库存，库存占用的流动资金较大，当市场需求发生变化时，企业应变能力较弱。
拉式供应链的的优点：大大降低各类库存和流动资金占用，减少库存变质和失效的风险。
缺点：将面对能否及时获取资源和及时交货以满足市场需求的风险。
（4）供应链有哪些特征？答：供应链有4个主要特性：复杂性、动态性、用户需求驱动性及交叉性。
（5）陈述供应链管理的概念。
答：供应链由原材料零部件供应商、生产商、批发经销商、用户、运输商等一系列企业组成。
原材料零部件依次通过“链”中的每个企业，逐步变成产品，产品再通过一系列流通配送环节，最后交到最终用户手中，这一系列的活动就构成了一个完整供应链的全部活动。
（6）供应链管理的主要内容有哪几方面？答：供应链管理的主要内容有：物流网络职能管理、物流信息流管理、供应链流程管理以及供应链关系管理。
（7）简述推拉式供应链管理模式的内涵及其包含哪两种模式。
南财大《供应链管理》练习题和答案
南财大《供应链管理》练习题和答案----359c2ef9-6eac-11ec-a83e-7cb59b590d7d供应链管理1总分：100考试时间：100分钟一、单项选择题1.物流的概念最早由（）提出。
（正确答案：B，答案：a）a、a.日本b、 b.美国c、c.德国d、 d.荷兰2、物流的英文名称是（）。
(正确答案：a,答题答案：a)a、 a.物流？b、b.logsticsc、 c.物流d、d.logistc3.配送是指物流系统中的（）要素。
（正确答案：C，答案：C）a、a.运输b、 b.采购c、c.配送d、 d.仓储4、供应链管理与物流管理之间的关系是（）。
(正确答案：c,答题答案：b)a、 a.物流管理和供应链管理之间没有关系。
b、b.物流管理包含供应链管理c、 c.供应链管理包含物流管理，物流管理师供应链管理中的一部分。
d、d.供应链管理是物流管理的低级阶段。
5.企业物流是货物的实际流动。
（正确答案：B，答案：D）a、a.企业外部b、 b.内部和外部c、c.企业自身d、 d.企业内部6、供应商的选择、订货模式的决定、生产物料计划等被称为（）。
(正确答案：a,答题答案例：a）a、a.供应物流b、 b.生产物流c、c.销售物流d、 d.内部物流7、物流运输服务具有无形性、不可存储性以及（）。
(正确答案：d,答题答案：c)a、 a.独立性b、b.公平性c、 c.所有权转让的特点d、d.生产消费不可分离性8.（）运输特别适合短距离和高价值产品的配送。
这种运输方式不仅可以进行直接运输，还可以作为其他运输方式的接送方式。
（正确答案：B，答案：B）a、a.铁路运输b、 b.公路运输c、c.水路运输d、 d.空运9、运输规模越大，运输商品所花费的（）越小。
(正确答案：d,答题答案：d)a、 a.固定成本b、b.变动成本c、 c.共同费用d、d.单位成本10.以下关于物流活动的陈述不正确（）。
（正确答案：A，答案：A）a、a.工业包装的目的是为了促进销售，讲究包装外形美观，装潢富于吸引力。
供应链物流管理(supply chain logistics management)鲍尔索克斯 课后习题答案1-6章
Chapter1：1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditionaldistribution channels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences. Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a common practice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systems are capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristic of traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect of six sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout a supply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing belief was the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharingand process specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the conceptof integrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers provide a range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. With the regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providers started offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportationindustry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models.Why has responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations? Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models is timingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available, and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. All the work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planning and rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has been made possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to order model however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doing that.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement. Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reduces the anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the other form depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goal of this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paintcolor at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’s request. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the risk of anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’s home as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization andcash spin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional business the benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2% net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits can be shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achieve supply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to perform and be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supply chain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chain management could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that the public does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate to or guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually or collectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth. However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on to consumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that as supply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operating efficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits of more precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplus goods.Chapter2：1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics. Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. The following are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, a warehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks need not hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier realizes when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of product processing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation also prevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should either improve packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and less damage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they are likely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss and elaborate the following statement: "The selection of a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create sub stantial competitive advantage” holds true with regard to logistical networks. The network design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps a competitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” of being located near customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior serviceperformance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also be designed for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventory holding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates, competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers to provide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient network design.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they are initiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firm and considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erratic nature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics cost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased over the last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this has increased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significant portion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have high customer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment. However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed and operated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles as they relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flow of materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. The scope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much more time. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative to finished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive into facility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of a firm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cycle more direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production. These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-process inventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thus they are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processing and delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economical product availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturing efforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy must improve to reduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods, the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty of customers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give an exampleof each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation represent links between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas links represent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities where materials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained. Inventory that is in between nodes is c alled “in transit”.8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does theconcept of total quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder –that is, the definition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue a quest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the service qualities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions of service, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevance in logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to provide customers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly value suppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, and without damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected and reworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes are corrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tend to rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, eachwith its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. If cycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. If the cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echelonedand direct structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. The inventory is position to meet the customers’ requirements faster. Typical echelon systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3：1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing.How do these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examples ofthe different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple as this may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time, money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product available to meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stock inventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, and Orders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at any point in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8 percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that a stockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation of all stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned to provide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not consider that some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is the starting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate:For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedure is to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combination of customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate the level of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result in a stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the items are not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customer may accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short items at a later time. Fill rate strategies need to consider customer requirements for products.Orders Shipped Complete:The most exacting measure of performance in product availability is orders shipped complete. It views having everything that a customer orders as the standard of acceptable performance. Failure to provide even one item on a customer's order results in that order being recorded as zero in terms of complete shipment.pare and contrast speed, consistency, and flexibility as optionalperformance activities. In some situations,is one activity more critical than others?Performance cycle speed is the elapsed time form when a customer establishes a need to order until the product is delivered and is ready for customer use.Speed is an essential ingredient in many just-in-time and quick-response logistical strategies as fast performance cycles reduce customer inventory requirements.Order cycle consistency is measured by the number of times that actual cycles meet the time planned for completion.most logistical managers place greater value on consistency because it directly impacts a customer’s ability to plan and perform is own activities.the issue of consistency is fundamental to effective logistics operations as it is becoming increasingly common for customers to actually specify a desired date and even specify a delivery appointment when placing orders.Flexibility involves a firm’s ability to accommodate special situations and unusual or unexpected customer requests.In some situations,adjustments can be implemented to prevent or accommodate special situations,thereby preventing malfunctions.so one may be more critical than others. 5.Why is perfect order service so difficult to achieve?An order should be delivered complete,delivered on time,at the right location,in perfect condition,with complete and accurate documentation.Each of these individual elements must comply with customer specifications.thus,complete delivery means all product the customer originally requested,on time means at the customer’s specified date and time.ing the ten categories of customer expectations in Table 3-1, develop yourown examples of how customers might evaluate performance of a supplier.。
供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么？将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
2.何谓供应链管理？简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。
供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化，以最低的成本，另供应链从采购开始，到满足最终用户的所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作，把合适的产品，以合理的价格，及时准确的送到消费者手中。
区别：①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售，而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本，而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应，而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系：供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的，是开放性的，传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节，是闭环的。
3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。
从这个角度，分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。
从管理难度的角度：现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易，尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度：通过IT系统，从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。
当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。
从成本的角度：管理难度下降，效率提升，这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一，它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。
请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。
基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等，供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展，使资源在供应链网络中合理流动，来缩短交货周期、降低库存，并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本，提高速度和精确性，增强企业竞争力。
供应链管理_第三版_Unit2_习题与答案
Chapter 2Supply Chain Performance: Achieving Strategic Fit and ScopeTrue/False1. A compan/s competitive strategy defines the set of customer needs that it seeksto satisfy through its products and services.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy2. The value chain emphasizes the close relationship between all the functionalstrategies within a company.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. A company,s product development strategy defines the set of customer needs that itseeks to satisfy through its products and services.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate4. A company,s product development strategy specifies the portfolio of new productsthat it will try to develop.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. A company,s supply chain strategy specifies how the market will be segmentedand how the product will be positioned, priced, and promoted.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy6. A company,s supply chain strategy determines the nature of procurement andtransportation of materials as well as the manufacture and distribution of the product.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. The degree of supply chain responsiveness should be consistent with the implieduncertainty.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy8. The degree of supply chain responsiveness does not need to be consistent with theimplied uncertainty.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. To achieve complete strategic fit, a firm must ensure that all functions in the valuechain have consistent strategies that support the competitive strategy.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate10. To achieve complete strategic fit, a firm must ensure that all functions in the valuechain have diverse strategies that support functional goals.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate11. Because demand and supply characteristics change, the supply chain strategy mustchange over the product life cycle if a company is to continue achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy12. The supply chain strategy must be established at the beginning of the product lifecycle and not changed if a company is to continue achieving strategic fit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy13. To retain strategic fit, supply chain strategy must be adjusted over the life cycle of aproduct and as the competitive landscape changes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate14. The intercompany scope of strategic fit is essential today because the competitiveplaying field has shifted from company versus company to supply chain versussupply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate15. The intercompany scope of strategic fit is no longer relevant today because thecompetitive playing field has shifted from company versus company to supply chain versus supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy16. The intercompany scope of strategic fit requires firms to evaluate every action in thecontext of the entire supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate17. There is a close connection between the design and management of supply chainflows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyEssav/Problems1. Discuss the two keys to the success or failure of a company.Answer. A company,s success or failure is thus closely linked to the followingkeys:1. The competitive strategy and all functional strategies must fit together to forma coordinated overall strategy. Each functional strategy must support otherfunctional strategies and help a firm reach its competitive strategy goal.2. The different functions in a company must appropriately structure theirprocesses and resources to be able to execute these strategies successfully.Difficulty: Hard答：一个公司的胜利或失败，因此是亲密相关的下列键：K竞争战略和职能战略都必需符合共同形成•个协调的总体战略。
供应链管理-第三版-Unit3-习题与答案
供应链管理-第三版-Unit3-习题与答案Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1. The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2. The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites. Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The two major types of facilities are distribution sites and storagesites.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain even though it has little impact on each of the otherdrivers.Answer: FalseDifficulty: EasyAnswer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or lessefficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity. Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10. The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding to demand fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy12. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of producttogether.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together. Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate14. The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy15. The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy16. Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.17. Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate18. Companies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods of low demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will not have the capacity to produce all that is demanded.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate19. Companies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventory increase rate of production for periods of high demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy20. A company’s ability to find a balance b etween responsiveness and efficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targetingis the key to achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21. Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles, have made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achievestrategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?a. Facilitiesb. Inventoryc. Transportationd. Informatione. All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance. Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?c. Inventoryd. Transportatione. InformationAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3. The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabricated are known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy4. All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain are known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy5. Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa. facilities.b. inventory.c. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6. The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain is known asc. transportation.d. information.e. customers.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7. The two major types of facilities area. distribution sites and storage sites.b. production sites and distribution sites.c. production sites and storage sites.d. retail sites and distribution sites.e. distribution sites and inventory sites.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be established first?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be established second?a. Customer strategyb. Supply chain strategyc. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be used to reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategy?c. Supply chain structured. Competitive strategye. Replenishment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a. Locationb. Capacityc. Operations methodologyd. Warehousing methodologye. All of the above are components of facilities decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate12. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?a. Warehousing methodologyb. Forecasting methodologyc. Operations methodologyd. Capacitye. LocationAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13. Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding location of facilities is false?a. Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes alarge part of the design of a supply chain.b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economiesof scale or decentralize to become more responsive by beingcloser to the customer.c. Companies must also consider a host of issues related to thevarious characteristics of the local area in which the facilitymay be situated.d. All of these statements are true.Difficulty: Moderate14. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions?a. quality of workersb. product developmentc. proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. cost of facilitye. tax effectsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions?a. quality of workersb. availability of infrastructurec. proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. cost of facilitye. All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facility location decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate16. Excess capacitya. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wideswings in the demands placed on it.b. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.d. both a and be. all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excess capacity?a. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacityc. would be considered a high utilization facilityd. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuationse. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. A facility with little excess capacitya. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacity.b. would be considered a high utilization facility.c. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.d. All of the above are true.e. None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with little excess capacity?a. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swingsin the demands placed on itb. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyc. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producese. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate20. Which of the following is not a warehousing methodology?a. Warehouse unit storageb. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. Job lot storaged. Cross-dockinge. All of the above are warehousing methodologies.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderatea. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22. The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of productsneeded to perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa. warehouse unit storage.b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c. job lot storage.d. cross-docking.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23. The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are notactually warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of thesupplier trucks.a. warehouse unit storageb. stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec. job lot storaged. cross-dockinge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24. All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. All of the above are components of inventory decisions.25. All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta. capacity.b. cycle inventory.c. safety inventory.d. seasonal inventory.e. sourcing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26. The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt of supplier shipments is referred to asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27. The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demandis calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate28. The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counter uncertainty is calleda. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the above29. The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services is known asa. cycle inventory.b. safety inventory.c. seasonal inventory.d. sourcing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30. Cycle inventory decisions involvea. how much to order for replenishment.b. how often to place orders.c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots ofinventory and the cost of ordering product frequently.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. Cycle inventory is used becausea. the world is perfectly predictable.b. demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.c. it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having toomuch inventory and the costs of losing sales due to not havingenough inventory.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32. Seasonal inventory should be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system ata very low cost.b. changing the rate of production is expensive (e.g., when workersmust be hired or fired).c. adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d. the world is perfectly predictable.e. production rate is flexible.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33. Sourcing involvesa. deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will beper-formed within the firm.b. deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolioof suppliers.c. identifying the set of criterion that will be used to selectsuppliers and measure their performance.d. selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy34. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions when designing and operating a supply chain?a. Mode of transportationb. Route and network selectionc. In-house or outsourced. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate35. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions when designing and operating a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Mode of transportationc. Source selectiond. Warehouse selectione. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy36. Which of the following are key components of information that must be analyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?a. Push versus pullb. Coordination and information sharingc. Forecasting and aggregate planningd. Pricing and revenue managemente. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37. Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?a. Software selectionb. Source selectionc. Warehouse selectiond. Forecasting and aggregate planninge. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38. When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objectiveof maximizing total supply chain profitability, rather than each stagedevoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39. The art and science of making projections about what future demand andconditions will be isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40. Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projected demand is known asa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41. The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for its goods and services isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42. The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximize profits from a limited set of supply chain assets isa. supply chain coordination.b. forecasting.c. aggregate planning.d. revenue management.e. pricing.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the supply chain?a. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b. Internetc. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)d. Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the supply chain?a. Internetb. Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)c. Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)d. Chain Management (CM) softwaree. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?a. Increasing variety of productsb. Decreasing product lifecyclesc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy46. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?a. Difficulty executing new strategiesb. Globalizationc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate47. Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fit?a. Increasing variety of productsb. Decreasing product lifecyclesc. Increasingly demanding customersd. Consolidation of supply chain ownershipe. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network whereproduct is stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types offacilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goodswithin a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driverbecause changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness. Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in thesupply chain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities,inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain.Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate2. Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of thefour major drivers.Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balancebetween responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the foursupply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individualdrivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact of these four drivers thendetermines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain.Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide whattheir supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategydetermines how the supply chain should perform with respect toefficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance level the supply chain strategydictates.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency foreach of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions isbetween the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities(efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilitiesprovide the company’s customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is betweenresponsiveness and efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore,a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers forreaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitivestrategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost oftransporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportation choiceinfluences other drivers such as inventory and facilities. When supplychain managers think about making transportation decisions, they framethe decision in terms of this trade-off.Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve theperformance of other drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information canhelp a firm improve efficiency by decreasing inventory andtransportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand.。
供应链管理课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案【篇一：供应链管理课后习题答案】xt>第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。
横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。
比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。
答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。
这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。
在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。
事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。
2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。
为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。
不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。
另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。
然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。
3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。
使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如ups这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。
一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。
要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。
2.如果由制造商/仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目，那么用快递公司更合适。
此外，快递公司可以根据客户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。
【篇二：供应链管理考试复习题及答案(给力版)】供应链管理？供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
供应链管理第一章习题及答案
答案：D
7、供应链合作伙伴关系是供应商与制造商之间、 制造商与销售商之间在一定时期内的共享信息、共 担风险、共同获利的（ ）。
A.同盟关系 B.协作关系 C.供应关系 D.对 等关系
答案：B
8、供应链合作伙伴关系的制约条件有（ ） A.合作企业间的冲突 B.企业间的相互依赖程度
C.信息结构
D.组
答案：A
2、从供应链的结构模型可以看出，供应链是一个 （ ），由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应 商和用户、用户的用户组成。
A.直线结构 B.网链结构 C.曲线结构 D.直 链结构
答案：B
3、通常，一条完整的供应链包括供应商（原材料 供应商和零件供应商）、制造商（加工厂或装配 厂）、分销商（代理商或批发商）、（ ）以及消 费者。
A.集成性 B.连续性 C.合作性 D.流程性
答案：A
13、供应链管理的实质内容不包括( )。 A.以顾客为中心，以市场需求为原动力 B.强调企业应专注于核心业务，建立核心竞争力，
在供应链上明确定位，将非核心业务外包 C.各企业紧密合作，共担风险，共享利益 D.对工作流程、实物流程、信息流程和资金流程进
物流与供应链的管理思想组成不同10供应链的绩效是指在所有供应链成员企业资源的支持信息协调和共享下通过物流管理生产操作市场营销顾客服务信息开发等活动增加和a
1、供应链是指生产及流通过程中，设计将产品更
新换代或服务提供给最终用户的上游企业或下游企 业所形成的（ ）
A.网络结构 B.专业结构 织结构
B. 用户 C．企业员工
D. 售
答案：B
20、 成功的客户关系管理非常注重客户信息和数 据的（ ）管理。
(完整版)供应链管理习题库及参考答案(1)
供应链运作管理部分习题库一、单项选择题1。
（）是生产及流通过程中，为了将产品或服务交付给最终用户，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织。
AA．供应链 B.合作伙伴 C。
联盟组织 D。
供应链管理2。
供应链管理的英文简写为：（）。
CA。
SST B. SC C. SCM D. CIMS3。
供应链管理目的：（）。
AA。
既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本 B。
在于提高服务水平C。
在于降低物流总成本 D. 以上答案都不是4。
供应链特征中不包含的因素有( C ）.A．动态性 B．面向用户需求 C．静态性 D．交叉性5. 供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链,而且是一条（）。
DA．加工链 B．运输链C．分销链 D．增值链6. 商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的（ )流动. AA．双向 B．价值C．单向 D．信息7。
供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕（）的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。
DA．主要 B．最终用户C．一级 D．核心企业8. 以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库存和运输成本,这种供应链属（）。
CA。
平衡的供应链 B. 反应型供应链 C. 有效型供应链 D。
稳定的供应链9. 选择恰当的供应链战略对企业发展非常重要，在客户市场需求稳定，且生产的产品相对成熟的情况下,哪种供应链更能发挥竞争优势：（）。
DA. 响应型供应链B. 拉动式供应链C. 动态的供应链 D。
效率型供应链10。
基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为（ )。
AA. 稳定的供应链 B。
动态的供应链 C。
平衡的供应链 D. 倾斜的供应链11. 在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时,企业不能在最优状态下运作,此时的供应链是:（）. DA。
稳定供应链 B. 反应供应链 C。
平衡供应链 D。
倾斜供应链12. 当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是（）。
供应链管理习题
供应链管理习题供应链管理习题一、选择题1、下列选项中，对于供应链描述正确的是哪一项？ A. 供应链是连接供应商、制造商、仓库和配送中心的网状结构 B. 供应链是连接供应商、制造商、销售商和最终用户的网状结构 C. 供应链是连接供应商、销售商、银行和最终用户的网状结构 D. 供应链是连接供应商、制造商、银行和最终用户的网状结构答案：A2、下列选项中，不属于供应链管理中的主要功能的是哪一项？ A. 物流管理 B. 库存管理 C. 订单管理 D. 会计核算答案：D3、下列选项中，对于供应链管理中库存管理的主要策略哪一项描述错误？ A. 库存分类管理是一种常见的库存管理策略 B. 安全库存是一种常见的库存管理策略 C. 零库存是一种库存管理策略 D. 综合库存管理是一种库存管理策略答案：D4、下列选项中，对于供应链管理中物流管理的主要功能哪一项描述错误？ A. 订单处理 B. 货物运输 C. 库存管理 D. 产品设计答案：D5、下列选项中，对于供应链管理中订单管理的主要功能哪一项描述错误？ A. 订单接收 B. 订单处理 C. 订单跟踪 D. 产品销售答案：D二、简答题6、什么是供应链管理？其主要目标是什么？答案：供应链管理是指通过协调和管理与供应链相关的各个环节，实现整个供应链的高效运作和整体利益最大化。
主要目标包括：提高供应链的透明度和可预测性，降低成本并提高效率，实现协同和合作，优化产品设计等。
61、简述供应链管理中库存管理的主要策略。
答案：库存管理是供应链管理中的重要环节。
主要策略包括：库存分类管理，根据产品的重要性和风险程度进行分类，针对不同类型的产品制定不同的库存政策和策略；安全库存，为了应对不确定因素导致的需求波动而设立的库存，通常根据历史数据和预测计算得出；零库存，一种追求最小化库存的策略，通过合理安排生产计划和优化物流等方式实现；综合库存管理，综合考虑多个库存点之间的库存转移和协调，以实现整体库存水平的优化。
供应链管理习习题库和参考答案解析
精心整理供应链运作管理部分习题库一、单项选择题1.（）是生产及流通过程中，为了将产品或服务交付给最终用户，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织。
AA．供应链 B.合作伙伴 C.联盟组织 D.供应链管理7. 集成化的供应链管理模式强调的是以满足客户需求为核心的集成思想。
供应链的整个运营和管理分为（）个回路。
ABCA.作业回路B.策略回路C.性能评价回路D.绩效评价回路8. 供应链管理的基本思想包括：（）。
ABCEA.系统的思想B.协调的思想C.合作的思想D.非核心竞争力的思想E.顾客服务的思想9. 一套完整的供应链战略应该包括（）等基本内容。
ABCD1. 供应链不协调的原因包括：（）。
ABDA.供应链成员之间目标上的不一致B.供应链与外部环境之间的信息不对称C.供应链成员决策方法的不一致D.供应链内部成员之间的信息不对称2. 导致供应链中出现需求放大现象的原因主要有：（）。
ABCDEA.需求预测修正B. 产品定价销售策略C.批量订购三、判断题1. 供应链是一种复杂的网联结构。
2.供应链不是人类生产活动中的一种客观存在。
3.供应链是为消费者带来有价值的产品、服务以及信息，从源头供应商到最终消费者的集成业务流程。
V11.供应链合作关系为在供应链内部，两个或两个以上独立的成员之间，在一定时期内形成的一种共享信息、共担风险、共同获利的协调关系。
√12.企业不可能因为对战略合作关系的失控、过于自信、合作伙伴的过于专业化等原因降低竞争力。
×1. 当供应链的各节点企业只根据来自其相邻的下级企业的需求信息进行生产或供应决策时，需求信息的不真实性会沿着供应链逆流而上，使订货量产生了逐级放大。
√2. 造成长鞭效应的系统原因可以在不改变供应链结构的前提下解决。
×预期；而需方对而言，它是对自身所能承受的需求波动的估计。
×16. 供应链下游企业在制定生产计划时应该尽量帮助供应企业达到最优产量。
供应链管理_习题集(含答案)
A库存可以平衡客户资源也可以平衡生产资源
B库存可以平衡客户资源但不能平衡生产资源
C库存不能平衡客户资源但可以平衡生产资源
D库存即不能平衡客户资源也不能平衡生产资源
52.由于商品特性不同，所以QR和ECR的改革重点是不同的，QR的重点是（）
A.效率B.成本C.速度D.质量
53.实施QR第一阶段是（）
A.竞争关系B.渠道关系
C.双赢关系D.价格驱动关系
6.准时采购（JIT）策略体现了供应链管理的协调性、同步性和集成性，()是其基本特点之一。
A.短期合作B.多源供应
C.小批量采购D.信息独享
7.以下关于供应链的叙述中，不正确的是( )。
A．供应链是指商品进入消费者手中之前企业与企业之间的联系。
B．供应与需求是不可分割的两部分，可把供应链与需求链的概念结合起来统称“供需链”。
B实际价核算的入库单没有成本时,系统将根据选项中入库单成本的设置方式进行处理,如果选择参照手工输入,系统也允许记账.
C在采购入库单记账时对于采用个别计价方式核存货,如果单价和金额为空,系统也允许记账
44.某企业的销售业务员已经在系统中设置了运输费这个存货,为何在销售订单中无法输入运输费这个存货呢原因是（）:
10.循环库存的主要作用是（）
A.使供应链的不同阶段以适宜的批量采购产品，从而使原材料成本、订购成本和存储成本最小化。
B.使供应链的不同阶段以适宜的批量存储产品，从而使原材料成本、订购成本和存储成本最小化。
C.使供应链的不同阶段以适宜的批量生产产品，从而使原材料成本、订购成本和存储成本最小化。
D.使供应链的不同阶段以适宜的批量销售产品，从而使原材料成本、订购成本和存储成本最小化。
供应链管理 第三版 Unit1 习题与答案
Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing。
Answer: FalseDifficulty： Moderate2. A supply chain consists of all parties involved， directly or indirectly, in fulfilling acustomer request。
Answer: TrueDifficulty： Moderate3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer： TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated。
Answer： TrueDifficulty： Easy5. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for themanufacturing component of the supply chain。
Answer： FalseDifficulty： Moderate6. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages。
Answer: FalseDifficulty： Easy7. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty： Moderate9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer： TrueDifficulty: Easy10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into a series of activities performed at the interface betweensuccessive stages。
供应链管理
第二章习题答案一、名词解释1．供应链供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
2．供应链管理供应链管理是一种集成的管理思想和方法,它执行供应链中从供应商到最终用户的物流的计划和控制等职能.把供应链上的各个企业作为一个不可分割的整体，使供应链上各企业分担的采购、生产、分销和销售的职能成为一个协调发展的有机体。
3．VMIVMI是一种在用户和供应商之间的合作性策略,以对双方来说都是最低的成本优化产品的可获性，在一个相互同意的目标框架下由供应商管理库存，这样的目标框架被经常性监督和修正，以产生一种连续改进的环境。
4．JMIJMI是一种在VMI的基础上发展起来的上游企业和下游企业权利责任平衡和风险共担的库存管理模式。
5．QR快速反应是指通过供应链成员企业之间建立战略合作伙伴关系，利用EDI等信息技术，进行销售时点以及订货补充等经营信息的交换，用多频度、小数量配送方式连续补充商品，以实现缩短交货周期，减少库存,提高顾客服务水平和企业竞争力为目的的一种供应链物流管理方法。
6．ECR有效客户反应是供应链上各个企业以业务伙伴方式紧密合作，了解消费者需求,建立一个以消费者需求为基础和具有快速反应能力的系统。
二、填空题1．网链结构,用户,用户的用户2．快速响应市场3．稳定的供应链，动态的供应链4．平衡的供应链，倾斜的供应链5．有效性供应链6．反应性供应链7．供应链和供应链8．前馈的信息流,反馈的物料流及信息流9．企业内部供应链管理10．全球网络供应链管理11．计划,物流，供应，回流12．客户服务最优化,总库存最小化，总周期时间最短化,物流质量最优化13．物流14．信任和相互合作15．纵向，横向三、不定项选择题1．C 2．B 3．ABCD 4．B 5．ACDE 6．ABDE 7．ACDE 8．ABDE 9．C 10．ABCD四、简答题1．试举例比较传统物流管理与供应链物流管理的特点。
《供应链管理》习题和答案
专科物流专业《供应链管理》练习题姓名学号班级练习题一1。
供应链运行绩效的评估（）A．涉及到的是供应链上的部分企业 B．涉及到了供应链上所有的企业；C．只涉及到核心企业 D．只与上下游企业之间有关系. 2。
下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是（）A、侧重于优化单一的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题3.不属于产品生命周期的是哪个( ）A.计划期 B。
成长期C.成熟期 D。
衰退期4。
供应链合作伙伴关系的主要目的是（）A。
缩短采购提前期，提高供货的柔性B。
加快资金周转C.通过缩短供应链总周期，达到降低成本和提高质量的目的D。
减少供应商数目5．（ )指超越一家一户的以一个社会为范畴面向社会为目的的物流。
A. 宏观物流B.社会物流C。
微观物流 D.企业物流6。
下列不属于QR对厂商的优点的是( ）A。
更好的为顾客服务 B。
降低了费用C. 生产计划准确D.增加了收入7、下列不是供应链特性的是（ )A.供应链是交错链状的网络结构。
B.供应链是企业的主体部分。
C.供应链是一条增值链。
D。
供应链的网络结构是由顾客需求拉动的。
8、属于多级库存优化与控制的方法有（）A.减少成本 B。
中心化（集中式）策略C。
改进服务质量 D。
获得更多的市场信息9．TOC理论对供应链的启迪是企业的经营业绩应该是加强链条中（ )。
A．最强的一环 B.最薄弱的一环C。
所有环节 D.部分环节10。
建立战略合作关系的第一步必须明确战略关系对于企业的必要性，企业必须评估潜在的（）A、利益与风险B、成本与风险C、资金与风险D、投资与风险11. 下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是( )A、侧重于优化单一的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题12.供应链管理中提到的客户主要是指（）A、只是指最终的消费者B、与企业内部的部门无关C、可以指代供应链上的每个相关企业和部门D、只指代渠道分销员13。
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第一章供应链概述一、单选题1．供应链随目标的转变而转变，随服务方式的变化而变化，这属于供应链的（ D ）。
A．时代性 B．协调性 C．复杂性 D．动态性2．将供应链划分为平衡的供应链和倾斜的供应链，是根据（ A ）划分的。
A.供应链容量与用户需求的关系B. 供应链存在的稳定性C. 供应链的发展进程D. 供应链的功能3．从供应链的结构模型可以看出，节点企业和节点企业之间是一种( A )关系。
A.需求与供应B.支配C.平等D.利益4．对市场的响应速度而言，牛鞭效应表明，越是处于供应链后端，企业响应速度( B )。
A.越快B.越慢C.一般D.无影响5．英国著名物流管理专家马丁•克里斯托夫说：“21世纪的竞争不是企业和企业之间的竞争，而是（ C ）之间的竞争。
”A.企业内部B.供应链内部C.供应链与供应链D.供应链与企业二、多选题1．供应链的不确定性主要来源于（ABD ）A. 供应商的不确定性B. 生产者的不确定性C. 产品的不确定性D. 顾客不确定性E. 库存的不确定性2. 供应链是一条连接供应商到用户的：（ABCD ）A. 物料链B. 信息链C. 资金链D. 增值链3．供应链中需求变异放大的原因是（ABCD ）A. 需求预测修正B. 订货批量决策C. 短缺博奕D. 价格波动E. 缺乏合作4．供应链的结构模型主要有：（ AB ）A. 链状模型B. 网状模型C. 环状模型D. 总线模型E. 反馈模型5．供应链的特征包括（ABCE）A. 复杂性B. 动态性C. 面向用户需求D. 竞争性E. 交叉性三、判断题1．供应链由其中的节点所组成，这些节点是指供应链中的实体，包括法律实体、功能实体和物理实体。
（√）2．供应链是一个网链结构，一个企业是一个节点，节点企业和节点企业之间是一种需求与供应关系。
（√）3.推动式供应链模式的流程是：消费者购买商品—零售商店—零售配送中心--生产商。
（×）4.企业一般都利用过去的市场需求来预测未来的市场需求，这样就很容易导致需求信号被不断放大。
（√）5. 由于短缺博弈导致的需求信息的扭曲一般不会导致“牛鞭效应”。
（×）四、问答题1. 供应链含义与特点是什么？你是如何理解的？答：供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对工作流、信息流、物资流、资金流的协调与控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商，直至最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
它具有时代性、远程性、动态性、虚拟性、复杂性、协调性、增值性等特点。
对供应链的理解应需要明确以下几点：一是供应链由其中的节点所组成，这些节点是指供应链中的实体，包括法律实体、功能实体和物理实体。
二是保证产品或服务在供应链中传递是供应链中的实体所进行的各项活动。
三是以系统的观点来看待供应链及其实体间的相互关系，即它们之间的互动关系、依赖关系以及共同完成产品或服务的供需平衡关系。
2. 供应链的类型是如何划分的？答：由于供应链主导企业、主导产品、流通渠道等不同，实际运作的供应链各有特色，有多种类型。
为了更好地认识供应链，可以从不同角度对供应链进行划分。
根据不同的划分标准，供应链可以分为不同类型。
3. 供应链中的牛鞭效应的含义是什么，它有哪些影响？答：牛鞭效应是供应链上的一种需求变异放大现象，是信息流从最终客户这端向原始供应商那端传递时，无法有效地实现信息的共享，使得信息扭曲而逐级放大，导致了需求信息出现越来越大的波动。
牛鞭效应及其引发的失调对供应链的运营业绩有较大的负面影响，不仅增加了成本，降低了反应能力，而且不利于在供应链内部建立合作伙伴关系，从而导致整个供应链利润下滑。
4. 产生牛鞭效应的原因主要有哪些？怎样才能弱化或消除牛鞭效应？答：产生牛鞭效应的原因主要有供应链的组织结构不合理，需求预测的不准确性，限量供应和短缺博弈，价格波动，批量订购，缺少协作、库存失衡等。
要弱化或消除牛鞭效应，应简化供应链结构，加强信息共享，保障供应链信息畅通；订货分级管理；缩短提前期；规避短缺情况下的博弈行为；建立伙伴关系，合理分担库存。
第二章供应链设计与构建一、单选题1．适用于革新性产品的供应链是（ A ）A．反应性供应链 B．有效性供应链 C．链状模型 D．网状模型2．供应链运行通过前馈的信息流和反馈的物流及信息流，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商及最终用户连成一个整体，对整个供应链系统进行计划、协调、操作、控制和优化等各种活动。
这一链状结构称其为（A）。
A. 模型IB. 模型ⅢC.子网D.级3．在“供应商的成本就是企业的成本”的理念驱动下，必须做到将采购重点从降低成本转向（ D ）A.提高效率B.提高客户服务水平C.增加销售量D.增加利润4．在物资采购的过程中，要运用各种各样的采购策略，使得（A）最小。
A.总的采购费用B.谈判费用C.运输费用D.原材料费用二、多选题1．在供应链的构建中，必须注意以下几个问题（ ABD ）A.客户优先B. 定位明确C. 检验供应链D.防范风险E. 信息反馈2．供应链设计的主要内容包括（ABC ）A. 供应链成员及合作伙伴选择B. 网络结构设计C. 建立供应链运行平台D. 简洁性原则E. 总成本最小三、判断题1．反应性供应链主要体现供应链的市场中介功能，即把产品分配到满足用户需求的市场，对未预知的需求做出快速反应等。
（√）2．在确定供应链的类型时，不一定要先分析并确定产品的类型。
（×）四、问答题1．简述供应链设计原则和基本思想.答：为了提高供应链运作的绩效，必须通过良好的设计，建立一个高效精简的供应链，从而提高企业的竞争力；而不合适的供应链组织设则会浪费企业有限的资源。
因此，作为供应链运作的一个重要环节，应重视供应链的设计问题。
在供应链的设计过程中，应遵循一些基本的原则，包括总体原则和具体原则。
总体原则有自顶向下和自底向上相结合的设计原则、简洁性原则、互补性原则、协调性原则、动态性原则、创新性原则、战略性原则；具体原则有总成本最小原则、多样化原则、推迟原则、合并原则、标准化原则。
2．基于产品的供应链的设计策略是什么？答：产品有不同的特点，供应链有不同的功能，企业应当根据产品的不同设计不同的供应链。
革新性产品和功能性产品的供应链设计策略有一定的差异。
功能性产品的供应链应尽量减少链中物理功能的成本，如订单流程和付款机制、仓库和交货、产品质量保证系统控制的自动化等。
革新性产品供应链应少关注成本而更多地关注向客户提供所需求属性的产品，强调弄清客户需求并对此作出反应，选择具有速度和灵活性的供货方。
3.供应链的构建步骤有哪些？答：供应链构建的一般步骤是：分析市场竞争环境，总结和分析企业现状，进行供应链的战略设计，分析供应链的组成，提出组成供应链的基本框架，分析和评价供应链设计的技术可能性，对供应链进行具体设计，检验供应链设计情况，对供应链性能评价及再设计。
第三章供应链业务外包一、单选题1．对于长期合作需求而言，合作伙伴应选择（ B ）A. 有影响力的合作伙伴B. 战略性合作伙伴C. 普通合作伙伴D. 竞争性／技术性合作伙伴2．当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是（ B ）A. 直观判断法B. 招标法C. 协商选择法D. 采购成本比较法3．在选择非主要原材料的合作伙伴时，常采用的方法是（ A ）A. 直观判断法B. 招标法C. 协商选择法D. 采购成本比较法4．建立战略合作关系的第一步是（A）A. 明确战略关系对企业的必要性B. 制定选择标准C. 评价合作伙伴D. 选择合作伙伴5．就目前看我国企业在选择合作伙伴时最主要的标准是（B）A. 价格B. 质量C. 品种D. 交货提前期6．下列不是供应链合作关系特征的是（A）A. 供应商选择标准B. 信息共享C. 个体的优秀性D. 目标的重要性二、多选题1．供应商管理的目标有（ABCDE ）A. 获得符合企业质量和数量要求的产品B. 以最低的成本获得产品C. 确保供应商提供最优的服务D. 发展和维持良好的供应商关系E. 开发潜在的供应商2．设置供应链合作伙伴关系的综合评价指标体系的原则是（ABCE ）A. 系统全面性原则B. 简明科学性原则C. 稳定可比性原则D. 互惠一致性原则E. 灵活可操作性原则3.与传统的供应商关系相比，下列哪些是供应链合作关系的特征（BCE ）A. 合同性质单一B. 供应商规模大C. 信息共享D. 供应批量小E. 多标准并行选择供应商4．供应链合作关系建立的制约因素有（ABCDE ）A. 相互信任B. 企业文化C. 兼容性D. 能力E. 企业结构5．业务外包的风险主要有（ ABDE ）A. 控制失效B. 委托失效C. 信息外泄D. 无效管理E.缺乏透明度6．业务外包主要包括以下几种方式（ABCD ）A. 临时服务和临时工B. 形成母公司的子网公司C. 与竞争者合作D. 转包合同E.开发其他资源三、判断题1．供应链合作伙伴关系一般是指在供应链内部的成员之间形成的一种协调关系，以保证实现某个特定的目标或效益。
（√）2．在业务外包过程中，当多个供应商同时生产一个系统的个别组成部件时，就会降低企业的设计周期的时间。
（×）四、问答题1. 企业核心竞争力的内涵是什么？答：在当今竞争激烈、市场变化快、需求个性化的环境下，企业很难在所有业务上都保持竞争优势，他们必须要集中资源和经历于自己具有核心竞争力的业务上，以保持企业的竞争优势和生存发展。
企业核心竞争力是指企业赖以生存和发展的关键要素，比如某些技术、技能和管理机制。
它包括“软”的或“硬”的方面，也可能是无形的，不可测度的。
一个连续成功的企业必定有其核心能力，这种能力需要开发、培养、不断巩固以及更新。
2.分析是什么原因促使企业选择外包策略，外包策略的优缺点是什么？答：外包的最根本原因在于降低运营成本，包括资本成本、交易成本、生产成本等，以获得成本优势。
此外，外包的其他原因还有以下几点： (1)改善企业焦点，更有效地专注于核心能力和单项业务，重新构造企业内的整个流程；(2)降低风险，企业本身的资源、能力是有限的，通过资源外向配置，与外部的合作伙伴分担风险，企业可以变得更有柔性，更能适应变化的外部环境；(3)扩大核心业务的技术投资，获得新技术、新技能；(4)增强变革能力；(5)提高服务质量等。
外包的优点包括：能够减少成本，获得服务供应商的效率和规模经济；得到外部的技术、经验和资源；剥离非核心业务，减少的庞大资本开支等。
外包的缺点包括：在关键业务服务上缺乏控制；服务缺乏灵活性；可能损害企业文化，造成客户和服务提供商之间的冲突；需要对服务提供商进行另外的管理。
3.供应链环境下企业为什么需要外包？答：供应链运行中注重的是企业核心竞争力的提升，强调根据企业的自身特点，专门从事某一领域、某一专门业务，在某一点形成自己的核心竞争力，这必然要求企业将其他非核心竞争力业务外包给其他企业，即所谓的业务外包。