Thales on the Element of Nature
《黄鹤楼山月歌》阅读练习
《黄鹤楼山月歌》阅读练习黄鹤楼山月歌阅读练《黄鹤楼山月歌》是中国古代文学名篇之一，下面是一些阅读练，帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏这首诗歌。
1. 根据诗歌的标题，《黄鹤楼山月歌》描绘了什么景色？2. 诗中提到了哪些自然元素，如何体现了黄鹤楼的壮丽和山月的美？3. 诗歌中表达了作者对什么的思念和向往？4. 诗中的"追风逐电"和"直下万里"这两句诗用来形容什么，有何含义？5. 这首诗歌有何特点，包括诗的结构、意象和语言表达等方面？6. 你对诗歌的主题和情感有何理解，为什么？请在阅读和思考后，根据自己的理解回答以上问题。
这些练有助于深入理解《黄鹤楼山月歌》中所传达的美感和意境。
In English:Reading Exercises for "Yellow Crane Tower Moon Song""Yellow Crane Tower Moon Song" is one of the well-known ancient Chinese literary works. Below are some reading exercises to help readers better understand and appreciate this poem.1. Based on the poem's title, what scenery does "Yellow Crane Tower Moon Song" depict?2. What natural elements are mentioned in the poem, and how do they reflect the grandeur of Yellow Crane Tower and the beauty of the moon?3. What does the poem express the author's longing and yearning for?4. How are the phrases "chasing the wind like lightning" and "directly descending for ten thousand miles" used in the poem, and what do they signify?5. What are the characteristics of this poem, including its structure, imagery, and language expression?6. How do you interpret the theme and emotions conveyed in the poem, and why?Please answer the above questions based on your own understanding after reading and contemplating. These exercises will help deepen your understanding of the aesthetics and artistic conception conveyed in "Yellow Crane Tower Moon Song."。
3 早期希腊哲学史Early Greek Philosophy II
Parmenides
The two main parts of his work: - Way of Truth: to offer a correct account of the nature of reality - Way of Opinion: to profess a false account He condemned the sorts of reason associate with belief (weak opinions) but supposed that the sort of reason associated with knowledge, or infallible reason, was a criterion of truth.
Heraclitus: Main Ideas
The Law/Logos (fragment 1,2,30,50) Change (fragment 91, 53, 6) Fire (fragment 90, 30, 31) Value and Harmony (fragment 51, 54, 102, 112) - I searched into myself. (fragment 101)
The Early Greek Philosophers
Thales: The First Philosopher
- One of the Seven sages of Miletus (a practical statesman and astronomer) - The founder of natural philosophy (for Aristotle) - No written left by him - Thales is said….
西方哲学智慧第03讲米利都学派
罗素说过，“在全部的历史里，最使人感到惊异 或难于解说的莫过于希腊文明的突然兴起了。构 成文明的大部分东西已经在埃及和美索不达米亚 存在了好几千年，又从那里传播到了四邻的国家。 但是其中却始终缺少着某些因素，直等到希腊人 才把它们提供出来。”
罗素的评价
罗素对泰勒斯思想的评论：“万物都是由水构成 的，这种说法可以认为是科学的假说，而且绝不 是愚蠢的假说。二十年以前，人们所接受的观点 是：万物是由氢所构成的，水有三分之二是氢。 希腊人是勇于大胆假设的，但至少米利都学派却 是准备从经验上来考查这些假设的。”
阿那克西曼德（Anaximander， 约 611/10 BC—546/5 BC）
留基伯 Leucippus
德谟克利特 Democritus
西方意大利的毕 泰戈拉学派
爱利亚（Elea）学派 （唯心论或观念论）
米利都学派
米利都学派（The Milesian School）是古希腊 哲学的第一个学派，也是西方哲学的第一个哲学 学派，因米利都（Miletus）这座城市而得名。西 方最早的哲学家泰勒斯（Thales）、阿那克西曼 德（Anaximander）和阿那克西美尼 （Anaximenes）都活动在米利都这座城市，他 们这三个人便称为米利都学派。
评价（续）
和阿那克西曼德的“无限”或“无定者”相比较， 阿那克西美尼的气由于看不见，因而能够保留阿 那克西曼德的“无限”或“无定”之意，但又比 后者多了“气”这样的规定性，因而相对来说， 更具有可检验性。如果哲学是以追求“真”为己 任，但提出一些无法检验其真的概念，则有悖哲 学研究的目的和宗旨。因此，在这个意义上， “气”比“阿派朗”在认识上也进了一步。
西方哲学史英语作文
As a high school student with a keen interest in the intellectual tapestry of human thought, I find the history of Western philosophy to be a fascinating journey through time. Its a narrative that begins with the ancient Greeks and stretches into the modern era, offering a rich tapestry of ideas that have shaped our understanding of the world, our place in it, and the nature of existence itself.My fascination with Western philosophy started with the preSocratic philosophers, who laid the groundwork for much of what would follow. Figures like Thales and Anaximander pondered the fundamental nature of reality, proposing that it might be composed of a single, basic substance. This idea of a primal element from which all things arise still resonates with modern scientific theories about the universe.Moving into the classical period, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle stand out as towering figures. Socrates, through his method of questioning, taught us the importance of critical thinking and selfexamination. His famous dictum, The unexamined life is not worth living, resonates with me as a call to intellectual curiosity and moral introspection. Plato, his student, built upon these ideas, creating a system of thought that included the Theory of Forms, which posits that nonmaterial abstract forms possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality.Aristotle, often regarded as the father of many academic disciplines, expanded on his teachers ideas, introducing concepts such as logic, metaphysics, and ethics. His work on the Golden Mean in ethics, suggesting that virtue lies in avoiding extremes, has been a guidingprinciple for many throughout history.As I delved deeper into the subject, the Stoics and Epicureans of the Hellenistic period caught my attention. They offered contrasting views on how to live a fulfilling life. The Stoics, like Seneca and Epictetus, believed in living in accordance with nature and accepting the natural order of things, while the Epicureans, following Epicurus, sought pleasure and tranquility as the highest goods.The leap to the medieval period brought with it a synthesis of faith and reason, with philosophers like St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas integrating Christian theology with classical philosophy. Their work bridged the gap between the ancient and medieval worlds, providing a framework for understanding God, the universe, and human nature.The Renaissance and the Enlightenment periods were times of great intellectual upheaval. Philosophers like René Descartes, with his famous Cogito, ergo sum I think, therefore I am, laid the foundation for modern philosophy, emphasizing the importance of the individual and the method of doubt. John Locke, in contrast, contributed to empiricism, arguing that all knowledge is derived from experience.The 19th and 20th centuries saw a proliferation of philosophical schools, from existentialism, with its focus on individual freedom and choice, to the analytical philosophy that sought clarity and precision in language. Friedrich Nietzsches proclamation of the death of God and his exploration of the will to power challenged traditional moral frameworks, whileJeanPaul Sartres existentialism emphasized personal responsibility.In my studies, Ive come to appreciate the depth and breadth of Western philosophy. Its not just a collection of abstract ideas but a living, breathing dialogue that continues to this day. Each philosopher contributes a unique perspective, and engaging with their work is like having a conversation with some of the greatest minds in history.The history of Western philosophy is a testament to humanitys relentless pursuit of knowledge and understanding. Its a narrative that has inspired me to question, to think critically, and to seek wisdom in the complexity of life. As I continue my own intellectual journey, the insights of these great thinkers will undoubtedly guide and challenge me, shaping my worldview and my approach to the world around me.。
The English of Science and Technology科技英语
2.3 Nomination Structures are widely used. Compare the following two sentences Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement(阿基米德最 先发现固体排水的原理. ) 第二句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面 简化了同位语从句,另一方面强调displacement 这一事实. 2.4 Widely use of Long and Complexity sentences E.g Anyone can watch an apple fall and ruminate about a force of gravity. It took the genius of Newton to leap from there to the idea that it was the same force that causedthe moon to drop from its natural motion in a straight line , to calculate at once the amount by which it dropped and from that to infer the inverse - square law ; in short , to leap fromterrestrial gravity to a simple and universal law of gravitation.
化学化工英语试题及答案
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
The-Magic-of-Nature(1)
The Magic of NatureThe Magic of Nature Nature has a way of captivating our senses, awakening a sense of wonder and awe within us. From the majestic mountains to the serene rivers, the lush forests to the sprawling plains, there is an undeniable magic in the natural world that has the power to inspire, heal, and nourish our souls. The beauty and magnificence of nature have been celebrated and revered by cultures across the globe for centuries. Its influence is evident in art, literature, and spirituality, serving as a source of solace and inspiration for countless individuals. In today’s fast-paced and technology-driven world, the magic of nature continues to hold profound significance, offering a sanctuary for those seeking solace and connection in the midst of a chaotic and uncertain world. One of the most enchanting aspects of nature is its ability to evoke a sense of tranquility and peace within us. The gentle rustle of leaves in the wind, the soothing sound of a babbling brook, the symphony of birdsong at dawn – these simple yet profound experiences have the power to quiet the mind and soothe the spirit. In a world that is often filled with noise and chaos, the opportunity to immerse oneself in the peaceful embrace of nature is a precious gift. Whetherit’s a leisurely stroll through a sun-dappled forest, a moment of quietreflection by the shore of a tranquil lake, or the simple act of gazing at a star-lit sky, nature offers us a respite from the demands of daily life, allowing us to recharge and reconnect with our inner selves. Moreover, the magic of nature lies in its capacity to inspire a sense of wonder and awe. The sheer grandeur of a snow-capped mountain, the vibrant hues of a sunset painting the sky, the intricate beauty of a delicate flower – these are but a few examples of the countless marvels that nature presents to us. By immersing ourselves in the splendor of the natural world, we are reminded of the boundless creativity and artistry thatexists beyond the confines of human endeavor. This reminder can serve as a source of inspiration, sparking creativity, and innovation in our own lives. Whetherit’s an artist drawing inspiration from the colors and forms of nature, a scientist unlocking the mysteries of the natural world, or a writer finding solace and material in the beauty of the outdoors, nature's magic has the power to ignite the spark of creativity within us. Furthermore, the magic of nature extendsbeyond its aesthetic appeal, encompassing the profound healing and nourishing effects it has on the human spirit. Countless studies and anecdotal evidence have shown the restorative power of nature on our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The Japanese practice of ‘Shinrin-yoku’ or forest bathing, for instance, has gained widespread attention for its therapeutic effects, with numerous studies highlighting the positive impact of spending time in nature on stress reduction, mood enhancement, and immune system function. Whether it’s the therapeuticbenefits of a seaside stroll, the rejuvenating effects of a hike through the mountains, or the calming influence of a garden retreat, the magic of natureoffers us a holistic remedy for the ailments of modern living. It serves as a balm for the soul, a source of renewal and vitality in a world that often leaves us feeling drained and depleted. In addition, the magic of nature is also deeply intertwined with our spiritual and cultural identities. Across the world, various cultures have revered and worshipped the natural world, recognizing its role as a sacred and life-sustaining force. From indigenous traditions that honor the land and its spirits to the ancient mythologies that are woven with nature symbolism, the magic of nature has been an integral part of human spirituality and cultural heritage. It continues to hold profound significance in the contemporary world, offering a sense of interconnectedness and reverence for the earth and all its inhabitants. Whether it’s the rituals and ceremonies that honor the changing seasons, the spiritual practices that draw inspiration from the elements of nature, or the cultural festivities that celebrate the gifts of the natural world, the magic of nature enriches our lives by weaving a sense of belonging and purposeinto the fabric of our existence. Lastly, the magic of nature serves as a stark reminder of the fragility and interconnectedness of all life on earth. In an age defined by environmental degradation and climate change, the urgent need toprotect and preserve the natural world has never been more apparent. The destruction of habitats, the loss of biodiversity, and the looming threat of ecological imbalances serve as a wake-up call, underscoring the interconnectedness of all life forms and the need for a harmonious and sustainable relationship with nature. The magic of nature compels us to acknowledge the vital importance of conservation and stewardship, inspiring a collective sense of responsibility tosafeguard the earth for future generations. Whether it’s through individual actions that reduce our carbon footprint, advocacy for environmental policies that protect natural habitats, or the support of initiatives that promote sustainable living, the magic of nature calls upon us to be custodians of the earth, ensuring that its wonder and beauty endure for generations to come. In conclusion, the magic of nature permeates every aspect of our lives, enriching our senses, inspiring our creativity, nourishing our spirits, and reaffirming our connection to the earth. It is a timeless source of solace, wonder, and healing, offering us a sanctuary in a world that is often tumultuous and discordant. As we navigate the complexities of modern existence, the magic of nature beckons us to pause, to immerse ourselves in its splendor, and to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the wondrous and awe-inspiring world that surrounds us. In doing so, we may find that the greatest magic of all lies in our ability to cherish, protect, and honor the natural world that sustains us, now and for generations to come.。
英译汉。高英
Lesson 11)The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by Gothicarched gateway of aged brick and stone .You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.此时此刻我要说的集市的入口是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门，年代非常久远。
当你穿过一个烈日暴晒的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这洞穴一直一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，最终消失在远处的阴影里。
2)It is a point of honor with the customers not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and want until the last moment. 对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的.3)The seller ,on the other hand ,makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. 而在店主那一方来说，则是竭尽全力的让顾客相信，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于本人对顾客的敬重。
小学上册Y卷英语第四单元寒假试卷
小学上册英语第四单元寒假试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Light travels fastest in a ______.2.What do we call the process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide?A. RespirationB. PhotosynthesisC. DigestionD. FermentationA3. A rabbit has long _______ to hear well.4.Which planet is known as the "Blue Planet"?A. MarsB. NeptuneC. EarthD. Uranus5.What do you call the study of living things?A. GeographyB. BiologyC. SociologyD. PsychologyB6.In a biochemical reaction, enzymes act as biological _____ to speed up the reaction.7.The chemical symbol for sulfur is ______.8.The _______ (The Great Depression) led to widespread economic turmoil.9.The main gas in the air we breathe is _____.10.The ______ (自然) world is full of wonders related to plants.11.Which of these is a type of tree?A. RoseB. OakC. DaisyD. GrassB12.The first successful vaccine was for _______. (天花)13.Which country is famous for kangaroos?A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. BrazilD. IndiaB14. A solution that does not conduct electricity is called a ______ solution.15. A goldfish can recognize its own _______ (影子).16.What is the capital of Brazil?A. Rio de JaneiroB. BrasiliaC. São PauloD. SalvadorB17.aust was a tragic event during __________ (二战). The Holo18.What is the name of the famous wizard in Harry Potter?A. DumbledoreB. VoldemortC. HarryD. SiriusC19.The playground is ___ (crowded) today.20.What is the shape of a basketball?A. SquareB. TriangleC. OvalD. Round21.I want to _______ (学习) about history.22. A _______ is used to measure the density of a liquid.23.What do we call a person who studies the development of organisms?A. BiologistB. GeneticistC. BotanistD. ZoologistA24.I watched a _______ (小海星) on the beach.25.Which number is larger: 10 or 5?A. 10B. 5C. They are equalD. NoneA26. A kitten is a baby ______ (猫).27.I made a ______ (纸飞机) and threw it in the air. It flew very ______ (远).28.We will go ______ for a hike. (out)29.What is the tallest mountain in the world?A. K2B. KilimanjaroC. EverestD. Denali30.I can ______ (完成) my homework on time.31.The _____ (turtle) swims in the water.32.The teacher gives us _____ (homework/tests).33.The _______ can be a great source of exercise and relaxation.34.What do you call the liquid that comes from trees?A. GumB. SyrupC. SapD. JuiceC35.The ancient Romans built _______ for public gatherings. (广场)36. D.TwelveWhich animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. Rabbit37.The ________ has a sweet smell in spring.38.The baby is ________ in the crib.39.The chemical formula for potassium iodide is ______.40. A __________ is famous for its unique traditions.41.I like to ______ (参加) cooking classes.42.The __________ (日本) attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941.43.The _____ (种子) can grow into a new plant.44.How many days are in a week?A. FiveB. SevenC. TenD. TwelveB45.I love to spend time with my ______. (我爱和我的______待在一起。
Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇迹
Great Pyramids of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.
Thof Rhodes was a statue of the Greek titan-god of the sun Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC.. It was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of Cyprus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, whose son unsuccessfully besieged Rhodes in 305 BC. Before its destruction in the earthquake of 226 BC, the Colossus of Rhodes stood over 30 meters (98 feet) high, making it one of the tallest statues of the ancient world.
古代哲学家的英语作文
In the realm of ancient philosophy,the English essay can be a medium to explore the profound thoughts and ideas of the great minds who shaped the intellectual landscape of the past.Here are some key points to consider when writing an English essay on ancient philosophers:1.Introduction to Ancient Philosophy:Begin your essay by providing a brief overview of ancient philosophy.Mention that it originated in the Mediterranean region,primarily in Greece and the Hellenistic world,and later spread to Rome.2.Early Greek Philosophers:Discuss the preSocratic philosophers such as Thales, Anaximander,and Heraclitus,who were the first to speculate on the nature of the universe and the principles that govern it.3.The Sophists:Highlight the Sophists,a group of teachers who were the first to charge a fee for their instruction and who focused on rhetoric and the art of persuasion.4.Socrates:Describe Socrates as a seminal figure in philosophy,known for his Socratic method of questioning to stimulate critical thinking and to expose the contradictions in the established beliefs.5.Plato:Discuss Plato,a student of Socrates,who founded the Academy in Athens.His dialogues,such as The Republic,provide insight into his theories on justice,the ideal state,and the nature of reality.6.Aristotle:Explore Aristotles contributions to philosophy,including his works on ethics, metaphysics,and natural science.Mention his concept of the Golden Mean and his influence on logic and the scientific method.7.Hellenistic Philosophies:Mention the various schools of thought that emerged after Alexander the Greats conquests,such as Stoicism,Epicureanism,and Skepticism.8.Roman Philosophers:Include Roman philosophers like Cicero,Seneca,and Marcus Aurelius,who contributed to the development of Stoicism and other philosophical ideas.9.Impact on Western Thought:Discuss the enduring influence of ancient philosophy on Western thought,including its impact on ethics,politics,science,and education.10.Conclusion:Conclude your essay by summarizing the main contributions of ancient philosophers and their relevance to contemporary philosophical discussions.Remember to support your essay with quotes from the works of these philosophers,and to provide analysis and interpretation of their e clear and concise language,and ensure that your essay is wellstructured with a logical flow of ideas.。
tpo37三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识
tpo37三篇阅读原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (3)题目 (4)答案 (10)背景知识 (10)阅读-2 (11)原文 (11)译文 (13)题目 (14)答案 (19)背景知识 (19)阅读-3 (20)原文 (21)译文 (22)题目 (23)答案 (29)背景知识 (29)阅读-1原文Thales And The Milesians①While many other observers and thinkers had laid the groundwork for science, Thales(circa624B.C.E-ca547B.C.E.),the best known of the earliest Greek philosophers,made the first steps toward a new,more objective approach to finding out about the world.He posed a very basic question:"What is the world made of?"Many others had asked the same question before him,but Thales based his answer strictly on what he had observed and what he could reason out-not on imaginative stories about the gods or the supernatural.He proposed water as the single substance from which everything in the world was made and developed a model of the universe with Earth as a flat disk floating in water.②Like most of the great Greek philosophers,Thales had an influence on others around him.His two best-known followers,though there were undoubtedly others who attained less renown,were Anaximander and Anaximenes.Both were also from Miletus(located on the southern coast of present-day Turkey)and so,like Thales,were members of the Milesian School.Much more is known about Anaximander than about Anaximenes,probably because Anaximander,who was born sometime around610B.C.E,ambitiously attempted to write a comprehensive history of the universe.As would later happen between another teacher-student pair of philosophers,Plato and Aristotle,Anaximander disagreed with his teacher despite his respect for him.He doubted that the world and all its contents could be made of water and proposed instead a formless and unobservable substance he called"apeiron"that was the source of all matter.③Anaximander's most important contributions,though,were in other areas. Although he did not accept that water was the prime element,he did believe that all life originated in the sea,and he was thus one of the first to conceive of this important idea.Anaximander is credited with drawing up the first world map of the Greeks and also with recognizing that Earth's surface was curved.He believed, though,that the shape of Earth was that of a cylinder rather than the sphere that later Greek philosophers would conjecture.Anaximander,observing the motions of the heavens around the polestar,was probably the first of the Greek philosophers to picture the sky as sphere completely surrounding Earth-an idea that,elaborated upon later,would prevail until the advent of the Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century.④Unfortunately,most of Anaximander's written history of the universe was lost, and only a few fragments survive today.Little is known about his other ideas. Unfortunately,too,most of the written work for Anaximenes,who may have been Anaximander's pupil,has also been lost.All we can say for certain about Anaximenes,who was probably born around560BCE,is that following in the tradition of Anaximander,he also disagreed with his mentor.The world,according to Anaximenes,was not composed of either water or apeiron,but air itself was the fundamental element of the pressed,it became water and earth, and when rarefied or thinned out,it heated up to become fire.Anaximenes may have also been the first to study rainbows and speculate upon their natural rather than supernatural cause.⑤With the door opened by Thales and the other early philosophers of Milestus, Greek thinkers began to speculate about the nature of the universe.This exciting burst of intellectual activity was for the most part purely creative.The Greeks,from Thales to Plato and Aristotle,were philosophers and not scientists in today's sense. It is possible for anyone to create"ideas"about the nature and structure of the universe,for instance,and many times these ideas can be so consistent and elaborately structured,or just so apparently obvious,that they can be persuasive to many people.A scientific theory about the universe,however,demands much more than the various observations and analogies that were woven together to form systems of reasoning,carefully constructed as they were,that would eventually culminate in Aristotle's model of the world and the universe.Without experimentation and objective,critical testing of their theories,the best these thinkers could hope to achieve was some internally consistent speculation that covered all the bases and satisfied the demands of reason.译文泰勒斯和米利西亚人①当许多其他观察家和思想家为科学奠定基础时，泰勒斯（约公元前624年-约公元前547年），最著名的古希腊哲学家，迈出了探索世界的更客观的新方法的第一步。
颂扬芦苇之美的散文篇章：探索自然的诗篇
颂扬芦苇之美的散文篇章：探索自然的诗篇In the realm of nature's beauty, the reed stands tall and proud, a symbol of resilience and grace. Its slender form sways gently in the wind, whispering secrets only nature can comprehend. The reed, with its delicate leaves and sturdy stem, is a muse for poets and artists alike, inspiring verses and paintings that capture its ethereal allure.The reed's beauty lies not only in its physical appearance but also in its ability to adapt and thrive in diverse ecosystems. From marshlands to riverbanks, the reed finds its home, providing shelter and nourishment for various species of birds and insects. Its presence creates a harmonious balance in nature, a testament to its importance in the delicate web of life.When the sun sets, the reed takes on a magical aura. Its silhouette against the fading light creates a tranquil and serene atmosphere, inviting reflection and contemplation. It is during these moments that one can truly appreciate the poetry of nature, as the reed becomes a metaphor for the human experience - standing tall amidst life's challenges, bending but never breaking.芦苇是大自然美丽的代表之一，它高大挺拔，象征着坚韧和优雅。
TPO37托福阅读答案解析
1. Why does the author discuss the question "What is the world made of?" posed by Thales?A. To help explain how Thales differed from earlier Greek thinkers.B. To trace the origin of the question through ancient history.C. To emphasize that the answer to the question proposed by Thales was the first correct solution.D. To suggest why the question remained unanswered for so long.Paragraph 1 is marked with ►答案：A 选项正确解析：本题根据题干 What is the world made of?定位到第一段这一句：He posed a very basic question: "What is the world made of ? " Many others had asked the same question before him, but Thales based his answer strictly on what he had observed and what he could reason out-not on imaginative stories about the gods or the supernatural. 本句大意是说明其他人在 Thales之前也提出过相同的问题，但是 Thales 是把他的理论基于观察到的现象和推理上，而不是想象中的关于神和超自然的故事。
河海大学研究生英语教程课文翻译考试范围内课文翻译
本篇包含所有期末考试考试范围单元！！！Unit 1Ghosts for Tea“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的上午。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色的确壮丽。
峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
海面上几艘游艇张着乳白色的风帆优雅地避开浪头蜿蜓前进。
山崖下面，一群海鸥互相叫唤着，在海面上盘旋飞翔。
离岸一英里处，在海浪贪婪地吮舔着的岩岸上，那座古老的灯塔耸立在一座石头平台上。
说实话，我毫不吝惜那几个钱。
当我把望远镜转朝灯塔时，站在我身旁的那个老头拍了拍我的手腕。
“您听过在那座灯塔里发生的一起骇人听闻的惨案吗?”他压低了嗓声对我说。
“我想这个地方看起来非常富有戏剧性，有关它的传说一定不少，”我说。
“这可不是传说，”那老头郑重其事地说。
“我父亲结识那起惨案的两个当事人。
一切都发生在50年前的今天。
让我说给您听听吧。
”他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
“整整一个礼拜，风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。
“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌，海浪拍打着岩石，轰然作响。
岸上的人们十分紧张在那儿工作的两个人。
他们俩是数年的好友，但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。
马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对欺侮别人格的不实之辞进行报复。
多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝，他们才互相道了歉，并以乎不久地结束了他们之间的不快。
但是各自心里尚有些怨恨。
因此，人们紧张长时间与世隔绝所导致的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神通过敏，尽管两人的朋友们不消说还主线没意识到后果会有多么严重。
”“离今50年前的那个晚上，灯塔上没有出现灯光，直到凌晨两点钟左右才有一束灯光忽然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光仍然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前往查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
哲学发展作文英语模板
哲学发展作文英语模板英文回答：Philosophy has been an integral part of human civilization for millennia, constantly evolving and expanding our understanding of the world around us. The development of philosophy can be traced through distinct historical periods, each characterized by its unique set of philosophical schools and ideas.Ancient Philosophy (6th Century BCE 3rd Century CE)。
Pre-Socratic philosophers: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras。
Focus on the nature of reality and the origins of the universe。
Emphasis on rational inquiry and natural explanation。
Classical Greek Philosophy (5th 4th Century BCE)。
Socrates: Known for the Socratic method of questioning and emphasis on self-knowledge。
Plato: Developed the theory of Forms, which posits the existence of a realm of perfect and unchanging ideas。
Aristotle: A prolific philosopher who wrote extensively on logic, ethics, metaphysics, and politics。
nature element文章
nature element文章Nature is great,ecology is complicated,life is a mystery, but we know too little,less than“ephemera to heaven and earth, and are one of the sea corn.”The earth is rich and colorful,the myriad of object.A blade of grass,a tree,an animal,a group,a person,a family,a nation,a society.Is the result of a natural progress.Natural animal,natural plant,all the plants in the natural,natural all life is useful. Their existence is useful. To think of the mother at the sight of the forest,wood;At the sight of the rivers of power;At the sight of the grassland,to think of red meat and cashmere sweater;To think of at the sight of the animal,can eat,can use,can be used as a medicine.Cherish the animal is the wealth of society,we must protect. Although some are common,but beneficial to human animals,we should also take care of.Plants but also the friend of human. Plants can help people purify air,reduce noise,keep the soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand-fixation.Really done a lot of contribution for the human.People began to the protection of animals,is also a lot of propaganda slogans on television.People in the desert near to shelter forest,prevent dust storms.Remember there is a news said:“ an old man near theirHUANGSHANPO value on trees,trees when I was a child,every day he came to see once,pouring water or weeding,seedlings grown up now,he has to go to other places to plant trees,he said, he is old and his son,and his son is old sons son.”Old man planting trees have spent,also.Can such a man,what cant we? WENXIN after reports,it is more and more people began to plant trees.A lot of naughty children no longer draw out a birds nest,but long accompanied by building the birds nest at home.These things have become common now.In order to protect the ecological balance,our country has also established many nature reserve or national park,on the protection of wild animals in danger.Nature is our friend,they always accompany us.Human and nature is interdependent,and constitute a harmonious nature.I believe that information create will be the 21st century.。
2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案m
2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案[2021·上海静安区模拟卷]ARCHAEOLOGISTS (考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20 foot high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities，then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, “because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all thesehilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.”All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the longhidden ruins of a sprawling preColumbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct handson investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites, most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR.“You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, ”says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Threedimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at leastfour times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. We still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.5．How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A．It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B．It was long under the threat of largescale wars.C．Its rise and decline were under way peacefully.D．It was finally destroyed by a largescale war.6．The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ________.A．miseryB．revolutionC．population decreaseD．opposition7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B．The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C．The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D．The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works.8．The passage is mainly about ________.A．people' s longtime misunderstanding of Maya civilizationB．discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC．the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD．The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeologyIf you’re not at least a bit terrified by the climate and ecological breakdown unfolding before our eyes, you haven’t grasped the scale of the crisis. Eco-anxiety, defined as “a chronic（长期的）fear of environmental doom”, is on the rise. But redirecting this anxiety into anger and collective action might just pull humanity back from the brink.We don’t yet know how deeply eco-anxiety affects people, but we can learn not to repeat the mistakes of long-gone societies lost to environmental collapse. Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed uncovers the common driver that led to the fall of ancient civilizations such as the Central American Mayan, the remote Pacific Easter Island, and the Mycenae: People accidentally destroyed the environmental resources on which their societies depended.Today, we are living in a new climate and ecological age. The new normal is one that humans have never before experienced on earth, and that has occurred within a single generation. We can’t claim ignorance. Numerous scientific reports show: unprecedented（空前的）wildfires in the Arctic, heatwaves annually breaking records, the Amazon shrinking and drying, and species extinction rates accelerating. Nature’s dangerous decline is unprecedented.So, it’s not surprising that eco-anxiety is on the rise. Anxiety is often a private emotional state: We feel alone, stuck inside our own heads, and our emotions stop us from doing the things we want. But anger, directed appropriately, can fuel powerful collective action for change.We are on a pathway to destroy the global conditions for human survival. Unlike previous civilizations, we have the science and technology to understand our danger and chart a new pathway. This is a moment for all of us to channel oureco-anxiety, fear and anger into energy for change.32. Which of the following best describes “eco-anxiety”?A. Uncertainty about the future.B. Anxiety about modern civilization.C. Worries about the destruction of nature.D. Fear of changes in the living standard.33. Why are some ancient civilizations mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To present the collapse of ancient civilizations.B. To prove the importance of ancient civilizations.C. To add some background information on eco-anxiety.D. To warn people to learn a lesson from the past.34. Why is eco-anxiety on the rise?A. People lack the knowledge about nature.B. Nature is in its most dangerous state ever.C. People have limited access to natural resources.D. Climate issues can’t be solved effectively.35. How does the author feel about the global conditions for humans in the future?A. Hopeful.B. Doubtful.C. Frustrated.D. Concerned.。