2014年上海高考英语试卷word版
2014年高考真题——英语(新课标I卷)含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
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第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
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1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride..C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult..B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2014高考英语真题-上海卷(含答案详解)
2014年高考英语真题上海卷（含答案详解）补全短文（共16小题；共16.0分）AMy Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, 1. I might have a better chance to find a good job. 2. (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that 3. I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already 4. (exhaust) shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that 5. I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, 6. my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty 7. (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned 8.I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.BThe giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is 9. electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine10. (equip) with securing cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, 11. is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said, "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by 12. . The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term 'automatic shop' is far 13. (appropriate)."In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains 14. (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, 15. (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 16. those villages without a local shop.选词填空（共10小题；共10.0分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.alert classify commit delicatelygentle impose labels moderation relieve signals simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food 17. at the supermarket. Since you really 18. yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help 19. some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to 20. healthier lifestyles through laws—for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect—one that encourages us to choose what is best—we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This ideacombines freedom to choose with 21. hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to 22. foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains 23. by looking at the lights on the package. A green light 24. that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be 25. ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 26. . The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.完形填空（共15小题；共22.5分）Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 27 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 28 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out—and why; how to deal with difficult 29 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 30 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 31 issues.Dunbar 32 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—33 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 34 of the higher primates(灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 35 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 36 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 37 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 38 the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 39 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 40 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 41 contact.27. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language28. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally29. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural30. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters31. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult32. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens33. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result34. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behavior35. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance36. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses37. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection38. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease39. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained40. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful41. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret阅读理解（共12小题；共24.0分）AMost people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature". But maybe you can't trust her, either.42. A plover protects its young from a predator by .A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured43. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the authormeans .A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too44. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do Animals Lie?B. Does Mother Nature Fool Animals?C. How Do Animals Learn to Lie?D. How does Honesty Help Animals Survive?BLet's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create—or break—habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick a reward—say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?46. Which of the following best fits in the box with a "?" in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.47. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectivelyby .A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down48. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.49. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.CIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality (虚拟现实) device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by agroup of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards—potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism—the bias(偏见) that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."50. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to " ".A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting51. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that .A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes52. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, .A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them53. It can be concluded from the passage that .A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly阅读与表达（共4小题；共8.0分）More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct (行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency(透明) in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美德): it is just good business.根据短文内容填空，每空不多于10个词。
2014-2015年上海市高考英语试题及答案
2014-2015年上海卷英语第I卷（共103分Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblanksto makethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblan kswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegiv enword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)MystayinNewYorkAftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecure apermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYor k,(25)______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.(26)___ ___(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalo calcaféasawaiter.Ibelievedthat(27)______Iwasofferedagood position,Iwouldresignatonce.Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmya lready(28)______(exhaust)shoulders.Ontheotherhand,mysearc hforarespectablejobhadnotmetwithmuchsuccess.AsIhadstudied literatureatuniversity,Ifounditquitedifficulttosecureasui tablejobinbigcompanies.Motherhadsaidthat(29)_____________ _____Iwantedtohaveabettercareeradvancement,Ihadtofindwork inthecity.Perhaps,(30)______mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeplyroo tedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidno tlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(31)______(adapt)myselft olifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Afterninemo nthsoffrustration.Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown .NotuntilIreturned(32)______Irealisethataquiettownlifewas thebestforme.(B)Thegiantvendingmachine（自动售货机）isanewvillageshop Villagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunou tofbasicsupplies.However,helpisnownearerathandintheformof thecountry'sfirstautomaticpush-buttonshop.Nowresidentsint heDerbyshirevillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclock afterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethi sweek.PeterFox,whois(33)______electricalengineer,spenttwoa ndahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine(34)______(equi p)withsecuritycamerasandalarms,andlookslikeaminishopwitha brickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,(35)______issettobeins talledinothervillagesintheareaoverthecomingmonths,willmar kareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralcommunities.Hesaid:"IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn'tfindaman ufacturerwhocoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby(36)______. Theresultiswhatamountstoahugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIth inkthetermautomaticshopisfar(37)______(appropriate)."Inrecentyears,thecommercialpressurefromsupermarketch ains(38)______(force)villageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose. In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,(39)_ _____(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostru gglingshopsorset-upnewcommunitystores.Hundredsofcommunitieshavesincesteppedinandopenedupth eirownvolunteer-runshops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwil lofferasolution(40)______thosevillageswithoutalocalshop. SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinth ebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmore thanyouneed.A.alertB.classifymitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposebelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsK.simplyLet'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.How ever,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfo od_41_atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally_42_yourselftoahealt hierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?This iswherea"choicearchitect"canhelp_43_someoftheburdenofdoin gitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecon textsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwh odecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket-includingwhichshe lfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup—isach oicearchitect.Governmentsdon'thaveto_44_healthierlifestylesthrough lawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcre atedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisb est-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesign sthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,with outremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoos ewith_45_hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelive longer,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-cal led"trafficlightsystem"to_46_foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Th ismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsa lteachproductcontains_47_bylookingatthelightsonthepackage .Agreenlight_48_thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealt hy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe_49_;andredmeans thatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshould beeatenin_50_.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformatio n,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourw ordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordor phrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationist akenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsof theday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbooksw e'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51_. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe_52_do withit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,such aswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtod ealwithdifficult_53_situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,an dcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54_，ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticular simplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It' snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhisla testbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsyc hologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55_issues.Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdeveloped bythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorgani zetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventoprom otetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesuper natural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.We don'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantal k,arguesDunbar—_57_,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecifi callytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe_58_ofthehighe r primates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit ,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyfo rsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59 _fromoutsideit. Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefam ily,Dunbar_60_thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.G roupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreat erthe_61_itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,theg reaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_6 2_thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingr oomingactivitiesalsohadtobe_63_tomaintainitseffectiveness .Clearly,amore_64_kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguage evolvedasakindof vocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-l argergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindi vidualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one_65_contact. 51.A.claim B.description C.gossip nguage52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independentlyD.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters ers D.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attackB.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibility C.leadershipD.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gainedmon B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secretSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfol lowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofth emtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfits bestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejust read.(A).Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?C antheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?A nimalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,butthey doagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranima ls.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehu rtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whena predator（猎食动物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthene st.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe" hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalway shassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhere othersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtokno wwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood ,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.When thebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,the losingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpp utsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalex pertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightin gagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodtha ttheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenot herchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysof tlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andt heydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMother Nature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby___________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),t heauthormeans_______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somechimpslowertheircry tokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiv eparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?（B）Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoum akethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattel lsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.And finally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavi or.It'swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick. areward-say,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Tha tway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,wheny ouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,which willmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupl eofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcomet oseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,righ t?70.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha“?”inTHEHABI TLOOP?A.Pickanewcue.B.Formanewhabit.C.Chooseanewreward.D.Designanewresolution.71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffec tivelyby______.A.changingtheroutineB.tryingitforaweekC.adjustingyourgoalD.writingitdown72.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?A.Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.B.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.C.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.D.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.73."ThisyearwhenIseethe HarryPotter poster,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?A.The HarryPotter poster.B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.C.AnEnglishnewspaper.D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbouro rasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketos tepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusual virtualrea lity（虚拟现实）device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneofthepart icipantsinabody swapping experimentattheBeAnotherlab,aproje ctdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwi thherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAno therandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebo dyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepic tureIrememberbest."Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrea lityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraisse nttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartne r.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyh avingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandle gsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,this kindofslow synchronised（同步的）movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofe elasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody. Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterw ards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualr ealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-the bias（偏见）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.Res earchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnair ecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengt hofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleand adjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedt hemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvir tualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,thep articipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"p utyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofth em,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatpe rson. ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarre sult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachoth erintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproje ct."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldre ally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone."74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto_____ ____.A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting 75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______ ______.A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperienceB.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesC.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperi mentD.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalchara cter,__________.A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismB.theyscoredloweronthetestforracismC.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallyD.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem77.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________.A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsB.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsC.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleD.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestions orcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporat esocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers. paniesty picallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butma nyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough .Insomecompanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbe ingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoo dworks. Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackforth eirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofrisk management.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterss uchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,indust ryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.So,companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theyta lktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments,c reate codesofconduct（行为准则)anddevotethemselvestomore transparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,alongwiththeircom petitors,setcommonrulestospreadrisks. Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesfor thosethatgetaheadofthegame.Theemphasisonopportunityisthet hirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.Ifapproa chedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompeti tiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellbydoinggood"hasbecomepopular. Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficu ltquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?Shoul dyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompeti tors?Isther eanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy? Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigco mpanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththe irdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenju stwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,thoug h,itisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,aco rnerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue（美德）：itisjust goodbusiness.(Note:Answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsin NOMORETH ANTENWORDS)78.Both_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimp lydonatemoneytocharities.79.Giveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementac cordingtothepassage.80.Withtheemphasisonopportunity,thethirdlayerofCSRismeant to_________.81.Accordingtothepassage,"goodbusiness"(paragraph6)meanst hatcorporations________whilemakingprofits.第II卷（共47分）I.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usin gthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014年高考真题——英语(新课标II)精校版_Word版含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标2卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a placeB.Buy a mapC.Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up her aunt3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A departmet head.C.A company director4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difflcultB.Very interestingC.Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.ClothesC.News第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
2014年高考真题——英语(新课标II)word版含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a placeB.Buy a mapC.Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up her aunt3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A departmet head.C.A company director4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difflcultB.Very interestingC.Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.ClothesC.News第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
2014年英语高考试卷(4套真题经典版)
2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(一）第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例： What is the man going to rend? A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案是 A1. What room does the man want?A. SimpleB. DoubleC. Twin2. What will the man buy?A. VegetableB. MeatC. Bread3. What does the man plan to do?A. Go fishingB. Go joggingC. Go camping4. How much is the change?A. $8B. $ 42C. $505. What’s the weather like this afternoon?第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）听下面 4 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。
6. When will the woman go to see the movie? A. Friday. B. Saturday C. Sunday7. Where will the woman sit for the movie?A. In the front.B. In the middleC. At the back听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。
2014年高考真题——英语(全国大纲卷) 精校版 Word版含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（大纲卷）英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a placeB. Buy a mapC. Get an address2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her carB. Give her a rideC. Pick up her aunt3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficultB. Very interestingC. Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A. WeatherB. ClothesC. News第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2014年高考英语试卷(新课标ⅱ)(含解析版)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often senda warm wish their way.21. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A. Go shoppingB. Find a houseC. Join his familyD. Take his family22. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from .A. a friend of his familyB. a Sydney policemanC. a letter in his papersD. a stranger in Sydney23. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A. ShowedB. Sent outC. DeliveredD. Gave back24. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia.B. Living in a a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.D. In Search of New Friends.BSince the first Earth Day in 1970, American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school thatdoes not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about .A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A. The grass-roots levelB. The business circleC. Government officialsD. University professors27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B. They have settled their environmental problems.C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A. EducationB. PlanningC. Green livingD. CO reductionCOne of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year-old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots. “Because I am Chinese, my husband and Iwanted the children to keep exposed to (接触) the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children. “But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”The popularity if au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.29. What does that term “au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own.B. A child learning a foreign language at home.C. A professor in language education of children.D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them .A. to live in China some dayB. to speak the language at homeC. to catch up wit other childrenD. to learn about the Chinese culture31. What can we infer from the text? A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.B. Educated woman do better in looking after children.C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.DMetro Pocket GuideMetrorail (地铁)Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 inchange.Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.Hours of serviceOpen: 5a.m. Mon.---Fri. 7a.m. Sat.---Sun.Close: midnight Sun.---Thur. 3a.m. Fri.---Sat. nightsLast train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.MetrobusWhen paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTripⓇ card, the fare is $1.25.Fares for the senior/ disabled customersSenior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripⓇ card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripⓇcards and passes, please visit or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.Travel tips (提示)•Avoid riding during weekday rush periods---before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.•If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.32. What should you know about farecard machines? A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B. They are connected to change machines.C. They offer special service to the elderly.D. They make change for no more than $5.33. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A. At midnightB. at 3 a.m.C. at 5 a.m.D.at 7 p.m.34. What is good about a SmarTrip® card? A. It is convenient for old people.B. It saves money for its users.C. it can be bought at any time.D. it is sold on the Internet.35. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro? A. 202-962-1195B. 202-962-1100C. 202-673-7000D. 202-673-8000第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014上海市高考压轴卷 英语 Word版含解析
2014 上海市高考压轴卷英语第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will wait for two hours. B. He will wait for three hours.C. He will wait for four hours.D. He will wait for twelve hours.2. A. They want to have a cup of coffee.B. The woman refused the man's invitation.C. The woman will write her paper tomorrow.D. They’ve got to meet with the dea dline of their papers.3. A. They are talking about the light. B. They are talking about the people.C. They are talking about air-conditioning.D. They are talking about power failure.4. A. She paid $172. B. She paid $43. C. She paid $86. D. She paid￥435. A. It's a cafe. B. It's a supermarket.C. It's a department store.D. It’s a downtown mall6. A. It will be sunny. B. It will be windy.C. It will be rainy.D. It will be snowy.7. A. The conversation takes place in an office.B. The conversation takes place in a restaurant.C. The conversation takes place at home.D. The conversation takes place in the market8. A. The boy wants to be a traveler. B, The boy wants to be a lawyer.C. The boy wants to be a professor.D. The boy wants to be a businessman.9. A. He is offering help. B. He is expressing thanks.C. He is asking for permission.D. He is having a lesson10. A. He'll deliver the luggage by car.B. He needs someone to help carry the luggage to the car.C. He doesn't need any help with the luggage.D. He won't take the luggage with him.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He missed the appointment. B. He arrived late.C. He was sick.D. He was homesick12. A. He couldn't reach Mr. Smith's office.B. He didn't want to see Mr. Smith any more.C. He didn't want to take the trouble making it.D. He couldn’t get Mr. Smith’s permission.13. A. Mrs. Smith. B. Mr. Smith.C. Mr. Smith's secretary.D. A stranger.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She got promoted. B. She became a weather forecaster.C. She became the first woman weather forecaster.D. She managed to balance work and life.15. A. She works ten or twelve hours a day.B. She gets up early on weekdays.C. She only manages the weather department.D. She sometimes has to work at night.16. A. She studies data. B. She tries not to be nervous.C. She spends much time memorizing her words.D. She doesn’t make the woman happy with her smile.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. My neighbor’s house has been broken into three times in the last two years, ______ resulting in great loss.A. eachB. everyC. anyD. either26. — What did you do for the people of the earthquake-stricken area?— I ______ a great number of books to the children there.A. gave upB. gave offC. gave backD. gave away27. Barbara went back to the US a couple of months ago, by ______ time she had learned some Chinese folk dances.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whose28. — It looks like rain.— Take an umbrella with you ______ it should rain.A. so thatB. ifC. unlessD. in case29. —We don’t h ave enough computers here. What should we do?— How about two of us ______ one?A. shareB. sharingC. to shareD. shared30. Generally ______, arguments ______ on facts sound more reasonable to us.A. speaking; basingB. speaking; basedC. spoken; basingD. to speak; to base31. — Did all the people trapped in the building escape from the fire?— Luckily, the smoke was not so heavy and all of them ______ escape.A. wouldB. couldC. were able toD. had to32. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ______ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space science.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. whether33. — How are the victims doing now?— Not very badly. Lots of jobs ______ to them recently.A. will offerB. have offeredC. are offeredD. have been offered34. Fortunately, Mary reminded me to ______ out. Otherwise I would have been knocked down by the car!A. seeB. watchC. noticeD. observe35. — Could I use your bathroom?— Why, of course. Just ______.A. be carefulB. make yourself at homeC. keep in mindD. stay where you are36. Not until ______ the Earth Day program on TV ______ much about global warming.A. did we watch; did we knowB. we watched; we knewC. did we watch; we knewD. we watched; did we know37. — He can speak Italian because he once lived in Italy.— Really? How long ______ there?A. did he liveB. is he livingC. has he livedD. does he live38. The number of the international students in this university has grown from 1,000 to 1,500. This means it has risen ______ 50 percent．A．at B．by C．to D．on39. Which do you enjoy ______ your summer holiday, going to Beidaihe or staying at home?A. to spendB. spendingC. being spentD. to be spent40. Do you still remember the boss ______ restaurant we worked during the summer holiday?A. in whichB. of whomC. in whoseD. of himSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordFor hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your 41_______, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be 42_______ by the weather as well.People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is43_______. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies 44_______ a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad.Their bodies produce less vitamin D 45_______ much sunlight. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” wi th artificial (人造的) lights have been 46_______. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!The weather can also 47_______ people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be 48_______. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can 49_______ change the weather. (311words)III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The date was July 16, 2012. It was late in the afternoon and I was invited by some friends to see a 50 .They introduced the young 51 : “Welcome, Mr. Patrick Henry Hughes.” He was sitting in his wheelchair and began to play the piano. He 52 as he played, and it was even more beautiful. For some reason, however, I knew I was seeing something53 . I really couldn’t explain all of this, especially his smile. His 54 was magic! About ten minutes into Patrick’s performanc e, someone came on the 55 , saying, “Let’s share a seven-minute video titled The Patrick Henry Hughes story.” Then the lights went out.Patrick was born with no 56 . However, as a child, he was fitted with artificial (人造的) eyes and he was placed in a(n) 57 . Just before his first birthday, he discovered the 58 . His mom said, “I hit any note on it, and within one or two tries, he learnt to strike it.”Today, Patrick is a junior at the University of Louisville. His father attends 59 with him and he has made nearly all A’s. He is also a part of the 214-member marching band. He and his father do it together. They attend all the 60 practices and the performance in front of thousands of fans. His father 61 him around the field to the cheers of fans. Patrick says, “My dad is my hero.”On stage, between songs, Patrick said to the audience, “I was 62 and unable to walk. But I was given the ability, the 63 gifts I have and the great opportunity to meet new people.”If I live one hundred years, I’ll never forget that night, that smile, that music, but most 64 , that wonderful attitude of gratitude.50. A. video B. debate C. match D. performance51. A. scientist B. writer C. musician D. speaker52. A. sang B. danced C. spoke D. jumped53. A. familiar B. special C. necessary D. strange54. A. posture B. smile C. appearance D. piano55. A. theatre B. beach C. stage D. ground56. A. ears B. hands C. toes D. eyes57. A. bed B. wheelchair C. instrument D. room58. A. piano B. truth C. disease D. trouble59. A. tests B. classes C. conferences D. exhibitions60. A. school B. club C. community D. band61. A. hugs B. leads C. accompanies D. shows62. A. impatient B. negative C. deaf D. blind63. A. imaginative B. analytical C. musical D. commercial64. A. importantly B. simply C. fortunately D. magicallySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.AEducators have long warned students about posting damaging information online, but now it’s also becoming important to build a positive digital footprint. When should students start building their online character? The earlier, the better.Employers usually use the Internet to find out everything about a potential employee. Photos and information posted online — when a person has his guard down — can be more telling than anything a person writes on a résumé or says in an interview.Job seekers aren’t the only ones who need to maintain a positive Web presence; it may become more important for high school students applying to college. At Tufts University, for example, high school seniors were allowed to submit one-minute videos along with their application packages.“Admissions officials insist the videos are no substitute for a good academic record,”The Boston Globe reported. “They are just another way to identify applicants with a special spark (活力).”Having that “special spark”certainly can’t hurt. Cindy Barr, Elon University assistant dean of admissions, told Lindsay Kimble of The Pendulum, Elon’s newspaper, that she has received applications with links to YouTube videos or student Web sites “created for the business they started or for a service organization they founded.” Although these links “are not assessed as part of the formal admissions decision,” Barr said, “it’s interesting to see what the students have accomplished.”In a lesson plan that can be adapted for grades 6-12, The Learning Network Blog from The New York Times asks students to think about their skills and experience and create two résumés: one traditional and one interactive, using the Web, audio clips, video or slide presentations.How can students create that special spark and make themselves special? Start early. By the time students are in ninth grade, they should be actively creating and sharing content online; to learn to do so well and safely by then, they must start earlier.36. According to the first paragraph, it’s important for a student to .A. build a positive online characterB. post true information about himselfC. keep his online information a secretD. check his email often37. Employers use the Internet to find out information about a potential employee because .A. they can have a wider choice of possible employeesB. it’s quicker and more convenient to find some one onlineC. what people post online tells more about themselvesD. they will learn the possible employees’ opinion about the job38. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that .A. admissions officials care for nothing but a student’s academic recordB. admissions officials also value a student’s practical skillsC. a student’s video has become a must in their application to a universityD. admissions officials are more interested in a student’s video39. How can students make an interactive résumé?A. Add some pictures to their traditional résumé.B. Leave space for comments in their résumé.C. Leave their phone numbers in their résumé.D. Give links to their online videos in their résumé.BThe associates I hired in my bicycle and lawn mower (割草机) shop like myself were never perfect; however, they were excellent. Working with them as they improved taught me new ways to show forgiveness, understanding, and patience.One day the placement officer asked me to interview a young man who was having trouble finding a job. He told me that David was a little shy, did not talk much and was afraid to go on with interviews. He requested that I give David an interview just for practice. He plainly told David that I had no positions open at the time and the interview was just for practice.When David came in for the interview, he hardly said a word. I told him what we did at the bicycle shop and showed him around. I told David to keep showing up because the number one thing an employer wanted in an associate was dependability.David was very quiet (he was evaluated as a slow learner in school). Every ten days or so, for weeks after the interview, David walked into the bicycle shop and stood by the front door. He never said a word, just stood by the door.One day, shortly before Christmas, a large truck came to the shop, packed with 250 new bicycles. It had to be unloaded right away or the driver would leave.It was raining. Some of my workers (without physical limitations) chose not to brave the weather to get into work, so I was short-handed. It seemed everything was going wrong and on top of it, David came in the front door and just stood there. I looked at him and shouted, “Well, all right! Fill out a time card and help me unload this truck!”David worked for my bicycle shop for eighteen years. He came to work every day thirty minutes early. He could talk; however, he rarely chose to. He drove my truck and made deliveries. The customers would praise David, saying, “He doesn’t talk, but he really shows you how to operate a lawn mower!”40. What would be the best title for the text?A. Your team members do not have to be perfectB. Do more and say lessC. Have the right attitude towards workD. A worker who keeps showing up41. The author gave David an interview to .A. find a person who is reliableB. find a part-time worker in needC. give him some practiceD. show sympathy for him42. The author finally hired David because .A. there were no other workers in the shop thenB. he needed someone who was willing to work thenC. David kept showing upD. he realized David was dependable43. We can infer from the last paragraph that .A. some customers just play jokes on DavidB. David has had his character changed through workC. the author prefers David to be more outgoingD. the author feels lucky to hire DavidCNike Shoes—An Unwanted GiftPrice: $70.00Address: Blacktown New South Wales 2148, AustraliaNike air max limited men’s shoes US size 10 for sale. I got the m as a gift. Then I have never worn them. Call 0415 470 070 if you have any questions.Woman Nike Tennis ShoesPrice: $40.00Address: 62 Great Western Hwy, Parramatta New South Wales 2150, Australia Beautiful Nike tennis shoes, women’s US size 7. Only worn 3 times. I’m US size 6.5, so the pair doesn’t fit me. Original price is over $120.Panasonic Portable CD Player SL-S310Price: $39.00Address: Campsie New South Wales, AustraliaIf you are looking for a quality CD player, the Panasonic SL-S310 is a good buy. It features 10-second anti-shock (A-shock button activated). It takes two AA batteries (3 volts) that will last you for 20 hours. It has super extra bass capability (S-XBS button activated), and can also take an AC adapter that supplies 4.5 volts DC (not supplied). It was made in Japan.The unit is second hand with some minor cuts on the outer shell case. Headphones are not included. It makes an excellent travel companion.Early Learning SetPrice: $10.00Address: Drummoyne New South Wales, AustraliaUsed only a few times from a pet-free, smoke-free home. The included book has never been used. The front of the box is bent a bit and one of the learning cards is slightly bent. It is a complete interactive learning system for your child. It builds and develops young children’s visual literacy, image association and word recognition skills with easy-to-read text and bright, appealing photographs. It is fun and easy learning common words and familiar animals through hands-on play. The learning set is fully boxed with handle and includes: 15 slides, a 28-piece giant jigsaw, 1 animal book and 1 poster.44. What do these advertisements have in common?A. They are good travel companions.B. They are all sold in Australia.C. They are perfect for children.D. They are good for our study.45. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the woman Nike tennis shoes?A. They’re an unwanted gift.B. They’re sold for $120 now.C. The size is 6.5 US.D. They’re a b it big for the seller.46. Which of the following goods is brand-new (全新的)?A. Man Nike Shoes.B. Woman Nike Tennis Shoes.C. Panasonic Portable CD Player SL-S310.D. Early Learning Set.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F forHow to be eco-friendlymay be a nearby collection, or perhaps you’ll have to go to your local recycling centre. Remember that you can also donate old clothes, unwanted toys, old electrical items and堆肥) too.you waste. Why not buy the food that can be kept, or that you can freeze, or that can get your cupboards organised so that you can always get the ingredients (原料) for a meal,By reducing your reliance (依赖) on your car you can save money on fuel, parking fees, and other running costs. Perhaps you’ll decide to take public transport more as it’s cheaper and more convenient. For shorter distances, why not walk or get on your bike rather than take the car?also help to reduce your carbon footprint. Your local butcher, baker, hardware store and other shops will be able to provide you with what you need. Much of the food you buy will be seasonal, but they are forced to grow or imported from the other places so that they are available all the year round. Instead of getting your favourite fruit and vegetables earlier inre naturally in season. Then they’re likely to taste better.Perhaps you’re the sort of person that has to have the latest gadget (小器具), or buys new clothes all the time, or regularly changes cars, or can’t resist a bargain. Then why not see if you can reduce your spending? As well as saving money, you’ll help thee nvironment too. As you’ll be buying less, there will be less packaging and transportation, as well as less raw materials involved.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.What time of day can you think most quickly? Are you a morning person? Or does it take you a few hours to get your brain going? A lot of recent research suggests that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.Many people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly.But everyone’s body clock is different and some are special. Morning people will get up early and work better early in the day. Evening people will work later but work better towards the end of the day. Research shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. P hysical performance is at its best between 3 pm and 6 pm, so it’s better to exercise later in the day.Between noon and 4 pm, people begin to pay less attention. This is because we think less quickly after a big meal. Research also shows we become sleepy around 2 pm. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon. Finally, it is best to eat when we’re active. This allows our body to burn calories better and stops our blood sugar levels from getting too high.(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What's the main idea of the text?_______________.82. How can we help our body’s temperature rise quickly?_______________.83. What is the best time for physical performance?_______________.84. When should we eat?_______________.第Ⅱ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 它能让你没有麻烦。
2014高考英语真题试卷全国一卷(含答案和解析)
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of5and14to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265Mass Avenue.Cambridge02139by Friday,February8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April21st.Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March10th and March15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:.21.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A.School studentsB.Cambridge localsC.CSF winnersD.MIT artists22.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A.On February8thB.On March10thC.On April21stD.On March15th23.What type of writing is this text?A.An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.BPassenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the18th and19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point,there were more than3billion passenger pigeons–a number equal to24to40percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.Even as late as1870when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be1mile wide and320miles(about515kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need for wood,which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for10years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September1,1914.24.In the18th and early19th centuries,passenger pigeons.A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US25.The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasureB.To save other birdsC.To make moneyD.To protect crops27.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the publicB.It was declared too lateC.It was unfairD.It was strictCA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭）and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve（e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more）---only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To show off his skills.B.To trick the lion.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.29.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changed.D.They have to do something for show.30.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph3?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive31.When the world is“waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to.A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English,Chinese,Spanish,and Arabic,other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact,half of the6,000-7,000languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations---UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin,a scientist at the Macmillan Center,Yale University,who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition.His recently published book,A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living,looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India,Nepal,Bhutan,and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including photographs,films,tap recordings,and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now,through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet.Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32.Many scholars are making efforts to.A.promote global languageB.rescue disappearing languagesC.search for language communitiesD.set up language research organizations33.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph3refer to?A.Having full records of the languages.B.Writing books on language teaching.C.Telling stories about language users.D.Living with the native speakers.34.What is Turin’s book based on?A.The cultural studies in India.B.The documents available at Yale.C.His language research in Bhutan.D.His personal experience in Nepal.35.Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?A.Write,sell and donate.B.Record,repair and reward.C.Design,experiment and report.D.Collect,protect and reconnect.第二节（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年全国高考英语试题及答案-新课标1免费word版
试卷类型：B2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至13页。
2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，搭载本试卷上无效。
4. 第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。
1.What does the woman want to do ?A. Find a placeB. Buy a mapC.Get an address2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up a aunt3. Who might Mr Peterson be?A. new professorB.A department headC.A company director4. What does the man think of the book?A.Quite differentB.Very interestingC.Too simple5.What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.Clothes.C.News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
2014年高考新课标1全国卷英语试题及答案
2014年高考新课标1全国卷英语试题及答案2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1. 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至13页。
2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是 C。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place.B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor.B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult.B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Weather.B. Clothes.C. News.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
上海高考英语真题及答案上海卷
2014年上海高考英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟;试卷满分150分..2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分..试卷分为第I卷第1-12页和第II卷第13页;全卷共13页..所有答题必须涂选择题或写非选择题在答题纸上;做在试卷上一律不得分..3．答题前;务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名;井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上;在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名..第I卷共103分I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A; you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation; a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it; read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn't planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C. It made the mayor's view clearer.D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B; you will hear two short passages; and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice; but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question; read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75.12. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C; you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation; you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information youhave heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Section ADirections: After reading the passages below; fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word; fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks; use one word that best fits each blank.AMy stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university; I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York; 25 ______ I might have a better chance to find a good job. 26 ______ earn some money to pay the daily expenses; I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that 27 ______ I was offered a good position; I would resign at once.Over time; the high cost of living became a little burden on my already 28 ______ exhaust shoulders. On the other hand; my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university; I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that 29 ______ ______ ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement; I had to find work in the city. Perhaps;30 ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently; I had difficulty 31 ______ adapt myself to life in the city; let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration.I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned 32 ______ I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.BThe giant vending machine自动售货机is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However; help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox; who is 33 ______ electrical engineer; spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine 34 ______ equip with security cameras and alarms; and looks like a mini shop with a brick front; a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention; 35 ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months; will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted; so I did it by 36 ______. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far 37 ______ appropriate."In recent years; the commercial pressure from supermarket chains 38 ______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010; it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed; 39 ______ urge the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops; but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution 40 ______ those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle; a little help would come in handy; wouldn't it This is where a "choice architect" can help _43_ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example; the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on; and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws for example; smoking bans. Rather; if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words; there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices; without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from choice architects; who aim to help people live longer; healthier; and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to _46_ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat; sugar; and salt each product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information; but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A; B; C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day; not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading; but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species; and what do we _52_ do with it We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives; such as who's doing what with whom; who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children; lovers; and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping Are we just natural _54_;of both time and words Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact; in his latest book; Grooming; Gossip and the Evolution of Language; the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively; or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk; argues Dunbar—_57_; he goes on to say; language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates灵长类动物like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it; monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family; Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group; the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand; the bigger the group; the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger; the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly; a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed; and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal有声的grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A; B; C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.A.Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Natureagree Animals can't talk; but can they lie in other ways Can they lie with theirbodies and behavior Animal experts may not call it lying; but they do agreethat many animals; from birds to chimpanzees; behave dishonestly to foolother animals. Why Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. Forexample; a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order toprotect its young. When a predator猎食动物gets close to its nest; the ploverleads the predator away from the nest. How It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the "hurt" adult; leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird; the scrub jay; buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later; unbury the food; and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How They don't make nests. Instead; they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out; their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees; or chimps; can also be sneaky. After a fight; the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand; too; the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways; too. When chimps find food that they love; such as bananas; it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way; other chimps don't hear them; and they don't need to share their food.As children; many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her; either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by___________.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees; or chimps; can also be sneaky" paragraph 5; the author means_______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passageA. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passageA. Do animals lieB. Does Mother Nature fool animalsC. How do animals learn to lieD. How does honesty help animals surviveBLet's say you want to hit thegym more regularly this year.How do you make thathappen Consider putting thehabit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First;there's a cue; something thattells your brain to operateautomatically. Then there's aroutine. And finally; a reward;which helps your brain learn todesire the behavior. It's whatyou can use to create-orbreak-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue; like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door; thenpick. a reward-say; a piece ofchocolate when you get homefrom the gym. That way; thecue and the reward becomeinterconnected. Finally; whenyou see the shoes; your brainwill start longing for the reward;which will make it easier towork out day after day. Thebest part In a couple of weeks;you won't need the chocolate atall. Your brain will come to seethe workout itself as the reward.Which is the whole point; right70. Which of the following bestfits in the box with a “” in THEHABIT LOOPA. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABITLOOP; you can stick to yourplan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to useA. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster; I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolutionA. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.CIf you could be anybody in the world; who would it be Your neighbour or a super star A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person; thanks to an unusual virtual reality 虚拟现实device. Rikke Wahl; an actress; model and artist; was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab; a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner; an actor; using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down; I saw my whole body as a man; dressed in my partner's pants;" she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person; so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm; you see it. If you move your arm; she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it; participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly; so that the other can follow along. Eventually; this kind of slow synchronised同步的movement becomes comfortable; and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias偏见that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test; which measures the strength of people's associations between; for instance; black people and adjectives such as good; bad; athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses; before taking the test again. This time; the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them; because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping; people feel like holding each other in their arms;" says Arthur Pointeau; a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really; really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that____________.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test; before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a darkskinned digital character; __________.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_________.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility CSR. CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies; shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use; and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR; which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s; with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill; industry after industry has suffered blows to itsreputation.So; companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations NGOs and to governments; create codes of conduct行为准则and devote themselves to more transparency透明in their operations. Increasingly; too. they; along with their competitors; set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive; but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way; CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless; the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategyCorporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly; CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well; though; it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side; a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue美德：it is just good business. Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity; the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage; "good business" paragraph 6 means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷共47分I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐..accustomed2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己..be up to3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了..than4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏;以免遭遇不测..for fear5．虽然现代社会物资丰富;给予消费者更多的选择;但也使不少人变成购物狂..turnII. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.学校英语报正在酝酿改版;拟从现有的三个栏目健康、娱乐、文化中去除一个;并从三个备选栏目时尚、职业规划、读者反馈中挑选一个纳入该报..假设你是该校学生程飞;给校报编辑写一封电子邮件;表达你的观点..邮件须包括以下内容：1．你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2．你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由..上海英语参考答案第I卷第一大题第1至第10小题;每题1分；第11至第16小题;每题2分：第17至第24小题;每题1分..共30分..1. A2.D3.B4.A5.B6.D7.A8.C9.C 10.B11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B17. conference 18. daylight 19. moving 20. overcrowded21. implications and conclusions 22. reasoning 23. Figures 24. keep questioning第二大题每小题1分..共26分..25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if30. what 31. adapting 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which 36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H第三大题第51至65小题;每题1分；第“至”小题;每题2分；第78至81小题;每题2分..共47分..51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. C71.D 72.B 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C78. shareholders and employees79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations NGOs and to governments. / Companiescreate codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.80. create value81. take social responsibilities第II卷I．翻译共22分..1. I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.2. It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.3. There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.4. Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen.5. While modern society; rich in material resources; has given consumers more choices; it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.II．写作共25分..。
2014年高考真题——英语(新课标II)精校版 Word版含答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标2卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B.￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a placeB.Buy a mapC.Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up her aunt3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?A.A new professor.B.A departmet head.C.A company director4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite difflcultB.Very interestingC.Too simple5. What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.ClothesC.News第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
2014年上海市高考英语试卷及答案完美解析(word版)
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She iSn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It miSinterpreted the mayor’S Speech.C. it made the mayor’S view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’S Sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.17 in London19Dislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want tohit the gym moreregularly this year. Howdo you make that happen?Consider putting thehabit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-stepprocess. First, there's acue, something that tellsyour brain to operateautomatically. Thenthere's a routine. Andfinally, a reward, whichhelps your brain learn todesire the behavior. It'swhat you can use tocreate-or break-habits ofyour own.Here's how toapply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brainwill start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. which of the following beSt fitS in the box with a “?” in the habit loop?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “thiS year when i See the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. RikkeWahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to havethis kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtualreality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charitiesis no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct （行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with ngoS and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014高考英语全国卷1真题(完整版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1页至10页，第Ⅱ卷11页至13页。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，搭载本试卷上无效。
4.第Ⅰ卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。
5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C。
1.What does the woman want to do?A.Find a placeB.Buy a mapC.Get an address2.What will the man do for the woman?A.Repair her carB.Give her a rideC.Pick up a aunt3.Who might Mr Peterson be?A.new professorB.A department headC.A company director4.What does the man think of the book?A.Quite differentB.Very interestingC.Too simple5.What are the speakers talking about?A.WeatherB.Clothes.C.News.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
2014年上海高考英语试卷word版(校对版本含答案)
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’s sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Dislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least oneof the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gymmore regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First,there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Thenthere's a routine. And finally, areward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolatewhen you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward becomeinterconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will startlonging for the reward, which willmake it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits inthe box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a cornerof corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
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2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
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第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Gel her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her un iversity.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It earned the mayor’s sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. he cabins and facilitiesD. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing B. A special communityC. A splendid mountainD. A successful businesswomanQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cantC. How unmarried people surviveD. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Travelers’ Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) 17 in LondonComments on the airport environment / facilities:Likes: •18•19 walkwaysDislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What is critical thinking in reading? Assessing the writer’s ideas and thinking about the 21 of what the writer is saying.What is the first step in reading an academic text critically? Finding out the argument and the writer's main line of 22 .What may serve as the evidence? 23 , survey results, examples, etc.What is the key to critical thinking? To read actively and 24 .II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on theproject. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does MotherNature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can theylie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying,but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behavedishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps themsurvive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gymmore regularly this year. How doyou make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First,there's a cue, something that tellsyour brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine. And finally, areward, which helps your brainlearn to desire the behavior. It'swhat you can use to create-orbreak-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door, then pick.a reward-say, a piece of chocolatewhen you get home from the gym.That way, the cue and the rewardbecome interconnected. Finally,when you see the shoes, your brainwill start longing for the reward,which will make it easier to workout day after day. The best part? Ina couple of weeks, you won't needthe chocolate at all. Your brain willcome to see the workout itself asthe reward. Which is the wholepoint, right?70. Which of the following best fitsin the box with a “?” in THEHABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or anEnglish newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really,really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control adark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives.Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。