2018年虹口区高考英语二模讲课教案

合集下载

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(已校对)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word “thumbed” is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,”said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits ofpaint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar t he question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisinglynot because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the bestteachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”56. What led to the setting up of the UIA?A. The low graduation ratesB. The great need of low-income students.C. The inefficiency of learningD. The severe competition between schools。

2018届虹口高三英语二模答案

虹口区2017学年第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷听力材料及参考答案I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.M: How long can I keep the books?W: Three weeks. Then you’ll have to pay a fine for each day when they are overdue.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?2. M: Sorry to trouble you. May I have a blanket please? I feel cold.W: Yes, of course, but could you wait until after take-off please?Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3. W: Have you been wasting your time on those online games again?M: Not really. I’ve worked on my term paper a lot this week and I need a break.Q: What is the man doing now?4. M: I often have some soup to start with. For my main course I prefer beef and chicken.W: That must be very expensive, but they are excellent.Q: What does the woman think of the man’s meal?5. W: We’re planning a trip to Hainan Island this winter vacation. Want to join us?M: I’d love to, but I’ll be working full-time in a restaurant.Q: What will the man do during the winter holidays?6.W: Could you help me withdraw 10,000 dollars from my saving account?M: I’m sorry, you will have to step over to the manager’s desk.Q: What does the man mean?7. M: Gardening is too much like hard work for me. If I have time, I like to play tennis or go for a countrywalk.W: Well, I think of gardening as play, not as work. I’m never as happy as when I’m busy in the garden.Q: What can we learn about the man?8. M: Why are you giving me a ticket for speeding, officer? I was only on 50.W: Can’t you read? That was 10 MPH over the limit.Q: What’s the speed limit in this area?9. W: You were on the phone for a long time. Who were you talking to?M: Oh, to Susan. She always knows the latest news in town and she couldn’t wait to share it with me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10. W: Some people are always after large, short-term profits. And they become victims of financial tricks.M: Well, they should know that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is.Q: What does the man think people should know?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Hello, everyone. My name is Karl Roberts, and I’ll be your teacher of this course, Language and Culture.To begin with, please take a look at the teaching program in front of you. As you should all know by now, this course is given on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:00 to 4:30 in the afternoon. We will be meeting in this room for the first half of the course, but we will be using the research lab every other week on Friday in Room 405 during the last two months of the course.This is the text for this lesson. Unfortunately, the books haven’t come in yet, but I was told that you should be able to buy them at the bookstore the day after tomorrow. Again as you see on your course outline, the grade is determined by your performance in the mid-term and final exams, classroom tests, and on your research work.My office hours are from 9:00 to 12:00 on Wednesdays, and you can set up a date with me on other times as well. (Now listen again, please.)Questions:11. When will the first half of the course be delivered?12. How often will the class meet in the research lab?13. What might NOT be closely related to on e’s grades according to the passage?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Despite its widespread and negative impact, the current economic situation may perhaps help one particular group of people — the young generation.Teens should learn the basics of proper financial management: maintaining a savings/checking account, and having a clear understanding of interest rates. Parents are always important in teaching money management, as well as the values of hard work and perseverance.It is also suggested that teens should become their own financial managers. Learning how to maintain a budget, comparing prices before buying something, or even paying a bill quickly are things that allow teens to become financially independent. Parent-child communication on financial matters must always be open. After going away to college, the student must learn to take control of his/her monetary situation and become his own accountant.Perhaps American businessman Warren Buffett said it best when he stated that, “Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.”The nation’s economic crisis today is proof that we cannot afford to allow a generation to grow up without understanding how to look after their money.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:14. Who can help to teach children the basics of financial management according to the passage?15. What should a college student learn to do according to the passage?16. What is this passage mainly about?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to make my dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet?W: No, I am not sure I am going to.M: There is not much time left. The deadline is May 1st. That’s just two weeks from now. Are you short of cash?W: No, I am okay.M: You’d better hurry up if you want a dormitory next September. There aren’t enough rooms for everyone.And first-year students have priority.W: Well, I’ve been thinking of living off campus.M: Have you any idea how much that will cost? There’s the rent, public facilities, and you probably need a car to commute.W: I know it will be more expensive, but I think I can handle it, though. This dorm is just so noisy that I can’t get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace and quiet in a place of my own.M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you will save.W: I’ve got to think it over some more. There are still two weeks left in April.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:17. In what month is the conversation taking place?18. What must a person do in order to live in university housing?19. Why is the woman unwilling to live on campus?20. What are the two speakers mainly discussing?参考答案听力部分：1-5 D B C A A 6-10 D C C B A11-13 B D B 14-16 A D C17-20 B C D A语法：21. what 22. as if/though 23. pressed 24. using 25. that26. which 27. Another 28. to read 29. has turned out (turns out) 30. if词汇:31. D 32. H 33. K 34. I 35. J 36. F 37. C 38. E 39. G 40. A完形填空：41-45 C D B A D 46-50 A B C D C 51-55 B A D C A阅读理解：56-59: A B C A 60-62: D C B 63-66: A D B C选句填空：67-70: E D F A概要写作：The passage talks about some changes of communication. First, the art of mass communication promoted by inventiveness and speed is one of the determining factors in the form of communication. Second, the possession of information belongs to the masses, not wealthy minority only. Third, modern communication is crucial to people’s lifestyle and broadens people’s horizons. (59ws)翻译：1.Measures/ Steps/action(s) should be taken to stop new viruses (from) spreading.2.He developed/ formed/got into the habit of making video calls with his parents during his stay in Australia.pared with adults, young people are more likely to make mistakes for their immaturity and lack of experience.4.In recent years, the idea that electronic whiteboard system should be applied to classroom teaching efficiently and flexibly has been widely accepted, hasn’t it? (同位语从句可以后移；副词也可提前）作文：（略）。

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

【2018-宝山区-二模】IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time.Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices -- playing computergames, using social media, texting and video chatting -- were less happy than those who investedmore time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, andface-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among thosewith no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said. “could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on soc ial media.” It is alsopossible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said —teens with special needs or in specialeducation, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digitalmedia a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness risessteadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion."Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase theamount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising -- two activities reliablylinked to greater happiness." Twenge said."By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount oftime they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities andsleep," the leading researcher said. "The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonableexplanation for the sudden decrease in teens' psychological well-being."Researchers found Teens who spent less time in front of screens and more time in non-screenactivities were happier. But totally avoiding/breaking away from screens can be unpleasant.Limited use of digital media along with non-screen activities works better. The arrival ofsmartphones brings about teens’ negative psychological effects.【2018-崇明区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter?Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on the way smartphonesdisturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing howstudents were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in studentperformance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom butcould not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watchinga 20-minute video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room withoutany cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attachourselves to our phones could be the problem.Smartphones have become so strongly established in society that many people are lostwithout them. We are now in an age when many people can’t imagine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one—nomophobia, which is the powerfulfeeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have acontrolling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things likelearning.So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew who in their circle of friends would be most likely toknow things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as well if they know they can use a computer or phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory.all bad. Reports show that But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’tfrequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data.Researchers recently found smartphones influenced learning. For one thing, smartphones have become an essential part of life, without which people feel at a loss, thus distracting their attention from learning. For another, people rely so heavily on smartphones that their long-term memory can be affected. However, having access to a large amount of information also benefits people in some aspects. (60 words)【2018-奉贤区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world –Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries comein all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson,Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his communitygathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take hissimple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country tocountry. According to , there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around theworld, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that theyare something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes arerefreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and yourneighbours’ tastes determine what you’ll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or atour guidebook.main appeal. “A g irl For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’　walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; aman on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life,”The Atlantic article. “Every book is a potential source of inspiration.”71.Little Free Libraries, composed of all sizes of boxeswith various themes, have sprung up inneighborhoods across the world. Tod Bol established the first one to honor his mother fond ofreading. After that, the idea spread internationally online. Different from e-reader downloads,books inside the wooden boxes can make readers excited or change their views etc. by inspiringthem.【虹口区-高三英语-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate withother people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by thesimple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are。

2018上海虹口二模试卷

虹口区2017学年度第二学期高三年级语文学科期终教学质量监控测试题2018.04考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，答案做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4．答题时间150分钟。

试题满分150分。

一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。

（5分）⑴，青眼聊因美酒横。

（黄庭坚《》）⑵吾尝终日而思矣，。

（荀子《劝学》）⑶唐诗中多有从广阔的时空观照现世人生的佳篇佳句。

陈子昂《登幽州台歌》是代表，杜甫《登楼》一诗中“，”也是。

2.按要求选择。

（5分）⑴以下引用的古诗文名句与情境不契合的一项是（）（2分）A.年会上，徐主任赞扬各位员工的出色表现后说：“‘万紫千红总是春’，希望大家各展所长，创造公司蓬勃发展的春天。

”B.同学聚会，回忆往日趣事，畅谈今朝抱负，其乐融融。

老班长感慨地说：“可惜流年，忧愁风雨，树犹如此。

”C.张师傅祝贺刚刚在全国技能比赛中摘得桂冠的徒弟说：“‘丹山万里桐花路，雏凤清于老凤声。

’我为你的成绩感到骄傲！希望你再接再厉！”D.小林是名牌大学高材生，但是工作两年，始终未遇伯乐。

朋友安慰他说：“‘试玉要烧三日满，辨材须待七年期。

’要有信心，也要有耐心。

”⑵将下面句子填入语段横线处，正确的一项是（）(3分)体育与政治权力的关系，也并非现代或西方的特点。

对统治阶级来说，体育可能一直是一种狡猾的压迫和规训方式，既可以，也可以。

但同时，体育在本质上仍是给大众带来愉悦的游戏，，。

对于体育权力的批判审视，并不妨碍日常对于运动的热爱。

①普通民众可以在体育运动中发挥潜能②像罗马皇帝一样通过娱乐麻痹大众③如射礼一般用来训练人们的纪律和服从④这在一定程度上又促进了人的自由A.②③①④B.③②④①C.②③④①D.③②①④二阅读（70分）(一)阅读下文，完成3---7题（15分）朋友圈：重建流动的“熟人社会”①博客引领风骚三两年就被微博替代，“你微博了吗”一度变成问候语，微博号不仅像电话号码一样在朋友、熟人间流通，还兼容粉丝和陌生人。

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you（1）______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read toa friend—the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that madeyou feel（2）______ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your r eading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm（3）______（press）on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks,（4）______（use）any device with the Barnes & amp; Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is（5）______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen,（6）______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black whe n you’re not using it so that you save power.（7）______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection（8）______（read）whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically,（9）______（turn out）to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employee s. According to Marian Maneker atThe Big Money Website,（10）______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.【答案】（1）what,（2）as if/ though,（3）pressed,（4）using,（5）that,（6）which,（7）Another,（8）to read,（9）has turned out/turns out,（10）if【考点】固定用法高三说明文语法填空句子基础知识动词时态代词表语从句非限制性定语从句状语从句过去分词动名词从属连词【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，主要介绍了一种新的电子书阅读器NooK。

上海市虹口区2018届高三下学期二模英语试题(附答案)

上海市虹口区2018届高三下学期二模英语试题（附答案）I. Listening Comprehension （25分）Section A（每题1分，共10分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a bookstore. C. At a bus stop. D. In a library.2. A. Guest and receptionist. B. Passenger and air hostess.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Consumer and waitress.3. A. Writing his term paper. B. Having a coffee break.C. Playing computer games.D. Attending an online school.4. A. It’s quite dear. B. It’s not good.C. It’s very cheap.D. She doesn’t like it.5. A. Work in a restaurant. B. Look for a full-time job.C. Travel around Hainan Island.D. Make a plan for a trip.6. A. He’s too busy to serve her. B. He’s sorry for there being no enough cash.C. She should open a new savings account.D. She has togo to the manager’s desk.7. A. He works as a gardener. B. He is too busy at work to play.C. He prefers sports to gardening.D. He lives in the countryside.8. A. 60 MPH. B. 50MPH. C. 40MPH. D. 10MPH.9. A. The man could not wait to see Susan. B. Susan is eager to pass on information.C. Susan is waiting for the latest news.D. The man knows the latest news in town.10. A. Risks may exist when they chase high profits in a short time.B. It’s feasible for people to be after large short-term profits.C. No one can avoid being victims of financial tricks.D. Everyone is likely to make large short-term profits.Section B（每题1.5分，共15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays. B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.12. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. D. Twice a month.13. A. Classroom tests. B. Attendance rate.C. Research papers.D. Final exam.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Experts. D. Businessmen.15. A. Maintain a savings account. B. Visit the bank regularly.C. Hire a personal accountant.D. Manage his own money.16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own.D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. March. B. April. C. May. D. September.18. A. Inform the director of student housing in a letter.B. Deposit some money in the bank.C. Go to the housing office to make a dorm deposit.D. Maintain a high grade average.19. A. There are too many freshmen. B. It costs too much.C. The rooms are too small.D. It is too noisy.20. A. Where to live the following year. B. When to move.C. How much time to spend at home.D. Whose house to visit.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）Section A（每题1分，共10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US b ook chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barn es and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.Section B （每题1分，共10分）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy marke t by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s InnerMongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 for Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.III. Reading Comprehension（45分）Section A（每题1分，共15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of “barista” 44 a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary (二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance. 49 , producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which 52 through learning.Yet we are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence where the mediocre (平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A.question B. predict C.measure D. confirm42. A. As a rule B. As a whole C. In other words D. In fact43. A. impression B. concept C. value D. development44. A. suggests B. assumes C. deserves D. inherits45. A.society-based B. self-based C.pleasure-based petence-based46. A. minimum B. unique C. traditional D. international47. A. last B. work C. exist D. change48. A.challenge B. appearance C. outcome D. practice49. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Likewise50. A. agreement B. extent C. standard D. description51. A. typically B. simply C. cheaply D. occasionally52. A. alter B. expand C. create D. exhaust53. A. handle B. classify C. transfer D. achieve54. A. common B. sociable C. creative D. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presentedSection B（每题2分，共22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he putforth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared (红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56. Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications(B)OSCAR THEATRE60. When booking by post, you can pay for a ticket by __________. A. visiting the website of a post officeB. going to your local bankinpersonC. enclosing your MasterCard in an envelopeD. providing your credit card information61. What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text?A. A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount.B. A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay $135 in total for a performance.C. Someone accompanying a wheelchair user to a performance receives a discount.D. An 18-year-old teenager is eligible for Saver discounts.62. According to the text, __________ can get Standby tickets.A. 65-year-olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performance beginsB. full-time students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance beginsC. Theatre-goers who are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performanceD. Anyone who buys tickets an hour before a performance begins(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online,allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud, so there’s littlefinancial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky eno ugh to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64.You can protect your identity in the following way except _________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because .A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66.The best title of the text is .A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identitySection C （每题2分，共8分）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part). Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.IV. Summary Writing （10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception ofcommunications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes.Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modern communication influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.V. Translation （15分，3+3+4+5）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。

2018届上海市虹口区高三下学期教学质量监控（二模）英语试题+听力Word版含答案

2018届上海市虹口区高三下学期教学质量监控（二模）英语试题+听力Word版含答案虹口区2017学年第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.4考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. In a bookstore. C. At a bus stop. D. Ina library.2. A. Guest and receptionist. B. Passenger and air hostess.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Consumer and waitress.3. A. Writing his term paper. B. Having a coffee break.C. Playing computer games.D. Attending an online school.4. A. It’s quite dear. B. It’s not good.C. It’s very cheap.D. She doesn’t like it.5. A. Work in a restaurant. B. Look for a full-time job.C. Travel around Hainan Island.D. Make a plan for a trip.6. A. He’s too busy to serve her. B. He’s sorry for there being no enough cash.C. She should open a new savings account.D. She has to go to the manager’s desk.7. A. He works as a gardener. B. He is too busy at work to play.C. He prefers sports to gardening.D. He lives in the countryside.8. A. 60 MPH. B. 50MPH. C. 40MPH. D. 10MPH.9. A. The man could not wait to see Susan. B. Susan is eager to pass on information.C. Susan is waiting for the latest news.D. The man knows the latest news in town.10. A. Risks may exist when they chase high profits in a short time.B. It’s feasible for people to be after large short-term profits.C. No one can avoid being victims of financial tricks.D. Every one is likely to make large short-term profits.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays. B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.12. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. D. Twice a month.13. A. Classroom tests. B. Attendance rate.C. Research papers.D. Final exam.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Experts. D. Businessmen.15. A. Maintain a savings account. B. Visit the bank regularly.C. Hire a personal accountant.D. Manage his own money.16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own.D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. March. B. April. C. May. D. September.18. A. Inform the director of student housing in a letter.B. Deposit some money in the bank.C. Go to the housing office to make a dorm deposit.D. Maintain a high grade average.19. A. There are too many freshmen. B. It costs too much.C. The rooms are too small.D. It is too noisy.20. A. Where to live the following year. B. When to move.C. How much time to spend at home.D. Whose house to visit.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel(22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. Fora while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black andwhite on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. N one of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneke r at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. branchB. departmentC. appropriateD. expansionE. withdrewF. dominatedG. licensed H. contract I. considerable J. brands K. breakthroughForeign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge Ch ina’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Auto nomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 for Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liq u id-mi lk s e c to r,w h ic h is f o llo w e d c lo s e l y b y p r ic e w a r s a n d d o min a te d b y lo c a l35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behindcompetence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of “barista” 44 a degree of skill in makingc o f f e e.H o w e v e r,b a r i s t a s i n l a r g e c o f f e e c h a i n s a r e u s u a l l y t r a i n ed t h r o u g h45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n)46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary (二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance. 49 , producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producinga coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which 52 through learning.Yet we are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence where the mediocre (平凡的) is the gold standard.41. A.question B. predict C.measure D. confirm42. A. As a rule B. As a whole C. In other words D. In fact43. A. impression B. concept C. value D. development44. A. suggests B. assumes C. deserves D. inherits45. A. society-based B. self-based C. pleasure-based D. competence-based46. A. minimum B. unique C. traditional D. international47. A. last B. work C. exist D. change48. A.challenge B. appearance C. outcome D. practice49. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Likewise50. A. agreement B. extent C. standard D. description51. A. typically B. simply C. cheaply D. occasionally52. A. alter B. expand C. create D. exhaust53. A. handle B. classify C. transfer D. achieve54. A. common B. sociable C. creative D. mature55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presentedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation(绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons ofUranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a ti me interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared (红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications(B)OSCAR THEATREBOOKING- in personThe Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 am-8 pm.- by postStating the performance and choice of seats, enclosing a cheque, postal order, or your credit card details to Oscar Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Main street. All cheques should be made payable to Oscar Theatre.- by telephoneRing 0844 847 2484 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (Visa, MasterCard accepted).- on-lineComplete the on-line booking form at /doc/c97058889.html,.DISCOUNTSSaver: $2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday inclusive, and for all matinees (下午场). Savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s and full-time students. Supersaver: half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion. It is advisable to book in advance. There is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available and one wheelchair space will be held until one hour before the show (subject to availability).Standby: best available seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible(有资格的) for Saverand Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers.Group Bookings: there is a ten per cent discount for parties of twelve or more.Schools: school parties of ten or more can book $9 tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free. Please note:we are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances.60.When booking by post , you can pay for a ticket by __________.A.visiting the website of a post officeB. going to your local bank in personC. enclosing your MasterCard in an envelopeD. providing your credit card information61. What benefit can bookers enjoy according to the text?A. A group of ten adults going to a performance can claim a discount.B. A school party of 15 persons that book in advance pay $135 in total for a performance.C. Someone accompanying a wheelchair user to a performance receives a discount.D. An 18-year-old teenager is eligible for Saver discounts.62. According to the text, __________ can get Standby tickets.A. 65-year-olds buying tickets an hour and a half before a performance beginsB. full-time students buying tickets 45 minutes before a performance beginsC. Theatre-goers who are unexpectedly unable to be present at a performanceD. Anyone who buys tickets an hour before a performancebegins(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue （收入）to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect you r identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs.A lot of them go Dumpste r diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is tocheck your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at /doc/c97058889.html,), Trans-Union (/doc/c97058889.html,) and Experian (/doc/c97058889.html,). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail h ell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Mar yland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a ye ar by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rat e among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /doc/c97058889.html,/idtheft, which, along with a local p olice report, should help when irate creditors come knockin g. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probabl y means _________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except_________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because __________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is __________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identitySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When you are done with your task then reward yourself.B. Make sure you only rest for 10 minutes.C. Or you can work harder and start an even bigger project.D. Set a kitchen timer and say to yourself that you only have to do this work for 10 minutes.E. When you sort papers, do the laundry or do the dishes, be fully there.F. You don’t always have to do just one thing at a time in silence.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But youstill have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it a nd nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creativetask at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.。

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you（1）______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read toa friend—the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that madeyou feel（2）______ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your r eading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic read ers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm（3）______（press）on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks,（4）______（use）any device with the Barnes & amp; Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black andwhite on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is （5）______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen,（6）______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black whe n you’re not using it so that you save power.（7）______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection （8）______（read）whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically,（9）______（turn out）to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employee s. According to Marian Maneker atThe Big Money Website,（10）______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventua lly forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.【答案】（1）what,（2）as if/ though,（3）pressed,（4）using,（5）that,（6）which,（7）Another,（8）to read,（9）has turned out/turns out,（10）if【考点】固定用法高三说明文语法填空句子基础知识动词时态代词表语从句非限制性定语从句状语从句过去分词动名词从属连词【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，主要介绍了一种新的电子书阅读器NooK。

2018二模--虹口二模答案

虹口区2017学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试高三（高二）生命科学（等级）参考答案和评分标准201804二、综合题（60分）（一）（13分）21．（2分）类胡萝卜素叶绿素22．（3分）CO2 C3（三碳化合物）盐芥23．（4分）拟南芥1分叶绿素a/叶绿素b比值下降，说明类囊体膜的稳定性下降，分布其上的色素含量也随之减少，造成光能吸收受阻及光能转换能力下降，进而影响植物的光反应3分。

24．（2分）气孔导度下降25．（2分）ABCD（二）（11分）26．（2分）A27．（2分）ABC28．（3分）否1分图13细胞中染色质已高度螺旋形成染色体，不利于其解旋进行转录2分。

29．（2分）所生育的女孩都正常，男孩中一半正常，一半患病30．（2分）3/4（三）（12分）31．（2分）A32．（4分）①②④⑤33．（2分）234．（2分）注射胰岛素后对照组血糖浓度下降缓慢，而实验组血糖浓度在60分钟内明显下降。

35．（2分）B（四）（14分）36．（4分）1、4、5、6 1、4、537．（2分）ABC38．（2分）细胞分裂素、赤霉素39．（4分）春果1分据图可知，春果的生长素含量高于秋果，两种幼果和盛花后期的秋果中脱落酸含量高于春果。

生长素可以促进细胞的伸长和果实的发育，而脱落酸能抑制细胞的伸长和分裂，促进器官的衰老，因此两种激素的浓度配比更利于春果生长3分。

40．（2分）施加生长素（施加生长素类似物）（五）（10分）41．（2分）B42．（2分）G↓G AT C CC C T A G↑G43．（2分）2.244．（2分）45．（2分）动物细胞培养技术、细胞核移植技术、转基因技术。

上海市虹口区2018年中考英语二模试题

上海市虹口区2018年中考英语二模试题Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (听力理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6分)A B C DE F G H1. _______2. _______3. ______4. ______5. _______6. ______B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案) (8分)( )7. A) Green. B) Blue. C) Grey. D) Brown.( )8. A) 15 yuan. B) 37 yuan. C) 50 yuan. D) 63 yuan.( )9. A) Mother and son. B) Doctor and patient.C) Husband and wife. D) Teacher and student.( )10. A) To drink less tea. B) To drink less wine.C) Not to drink strong drinks. D) Not to drink Cola.( )11. A) Because he is going to see a doctor. B) Because he’s going to answer an e-mail.C)Because he’s going to attend a meeting.D) Because he doesn’t like having apicnic.( )12. A) Call another hotel. B) Book a single room.C) Change his room. D) Help him check out.( )13. A) Cold. B) Clear. C) Rainy. D) Cloudy.( )14. A) The man will ring back later this afternoon.B) The man forgot to take notes when answering the phone.C) The woman can manage without the phone number.D) The woman will help the man look for the paper.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (6分) ( )15. The new cups with a porcelain(陶瓷) cat or dog at the bottom are very expensive.( )16. You can’t see the dog or the cat until you have finished the tea.( )17. This kind of cups are popular among kids and young people.( )18. Some people think it terrible to pour hot water over a cat’s head.( )19. You will probably drink too much because these cups are bigger.( )20. The little cat or dog in the cup isn’t cute at all to some people.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences (听对话，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词) (共10分)21.Tony wants to be an eye doctor___________ ___________.22.When he was a little boy, he __________ __________ to get a pair of glasses.23.Tony asked his cousin to go to see a ___________ ___________ but he refused.24.Tony came to realize that he needed to ___________ ___________ eyes.25.It’s better for Tony to take some classes and __________ ___________ for his future job.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)26. My dream is to be a host in the future. Which of the following is correct for theunderlined part?A) / hɒst / B) /hɔːst/ C) / həʊst / D) / haʊst /27. The doctor suggested he should go on _______ diet and do more exercise.A) a B) an C) / D) the28. _______ winter, a lot of parents take their children to the North to ski.A) In B) On C) At D) From29. The monitor is often praised _______ helping the elderly in a nursing home.A) with B) at C) from D) for30. Our teachers are very patient when we ask _______ for help.A) them B) they C) theirs D) themselves31. We are often told that ________ is more important than health.A) something B) anything C) nothing D) everything32. You can find more________ about travel around Shanghai on the Internet.A) truth B) information C) fact D) opinion33. We can plant more trees and flowers to make our estate ________.A) beautifully B) more beautifulC) most beautiful D) more beautifully34. Joe was surprised that Jane was thirty minutes late, _______ she always arrived on time.A) but B) so C) for D) or35. _______ the manager isn’t here, may I leave him a message?A) If B) As soon as C) Although D) Since36. Most people in China ________ afford to travel abroad 30 years ago.A) mustn’t B) couldn’t C) shouldn’t D) may not37. He said that he ________ to teach kids in the orphanage (孤儿院) after he graduatedfrom school.A) will volunteer B) would volunteer C) has volunteered D) is volunteering。

2018年上海市虹口区中考二模(下学期期中)英语试卷带讲解

10. A. To drink less tea. B. To drink less wine.
C. Not to drink strong drinks. D. Not to drink Cola.
11. A. Because he is going to see a doctor. B. Because he’s going to answer an e-mail.
2018年上海市虹口区中考二模（下学期期中）英语试卷
Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)
Listening Comprehension (听力理解)
A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片)
A B C D. D
E F G H.
15. The new cups with a porcelain(陶瓷) cat or dog at the bottom are very expensive.16. You can’t see the dog orthe cat until you have finished the tea.
21. Tony wants to be an eye doctor___________ ___________.
22. When he was a little boy, he __________ __________ to get a pair of glasses.
23. Tony asked his cousin to go to see a ___________ ___________ but he refused.
17. This kind of cups are popular among kids and young people.

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版

One【2018届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job,according to court documents.A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly(据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of20thieves at$60a pop.That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3trillion annually and lose less than2%of that revenue（收入）to fraud,so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take.Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their800lines.Of the three,I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft,which,along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63.The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64.You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65.It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66.The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsD. Why the creditors lose their identityC. How to protect your good nameTwo【2018届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America,students are anxiously finishing their"What I Want To Be .."college application essays,advised to focus on STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that,among the eight most important qualities of Google's top employees,STEM capability comes in dead last.The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills:being a good coach;communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver,and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skill seven in high-tech environments.Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another.Its data analysis revealed,however,that the company's most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates,understanding,and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today,but technology alone,as Steve Jobsfamously insisted,is not enough.We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63.The underlined word:“contradict”most probably means “____________”.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C.Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthThree【2018届上海市浦东新区高三英语二模试题】Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First,they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards.A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars,discovery of more than100planets outside our solar system,and study of the soil of Mars.All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort,might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science ---the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology,why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably,and advanced propulsion could speed up that long,slow transit to Mars,the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality.Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.C. Venture cost.B. Human inhabitance.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C.Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Four【2018届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning.After grabbing some cereal with his hands,he began kicking the box,scattering little round corn puffs across the room.Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-boardcon-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4,and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems,a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad---too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomb oy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.”After graduating,she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD.“It's been such a weigh off my shoulders”says Bloomgarden,who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase“throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with.A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Five【2018届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication—scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions.Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans.Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research— attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review,along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too”derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources— but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful.Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost— even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science,have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data.Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change.Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63.What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64.Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66.The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSix【2018届上海市闵行区松江区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerfulmental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help ussleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago'sMedical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in a panic,"Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeSeven【2018届上海市奉贤区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol(胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapidchange from sleep to activity,and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work."When people get up,their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained.“All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work.The reason for this is not clear,but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64.The over65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possiblybecause _________.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out___________.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attack。

2018年虹口区高考英语二模讲课教案

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(已校对)

2018届虹口高三英语二模答案

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

最新-上海市虹口区2018届高考练习(二模)英语试题及答案精品

2018上海虹口二模试卷

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

上海市虹口区2018届高三下学期二模英语试题(附答案)

最新整理虹口区高三英语二模讲课稿

2018届上海市虹口区高三下学期教学质量监控（二模）英语试题+听力Word版含答案

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

2018二模--虹口二模答案

上海市虹口区2018年中考英语二模试题

2018年上海市虹口区中考二模(下学期期中)英语试卷带讲解

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版

2018年虹口区高考英语二模讲课教案

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(已校对)

2018届虹口高三英语二模答案

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

最新-上海市虹口区2018届高考练习(二模)英语试题及答案 精品

2018上海虹口二模试卷

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

上海市虹口区2018届高三下学期二模英语试题(附答案)

最新整理虹口区高三英语二模讲课稿

2018届上海市虹口区高三下学期教学质量监控（二模）英语试题+听力Word版含答案

2018年上海市虹口区高考英语二模试卷

2018二模--虹口二模答案

上海市虹口区2018年中考英语二模试题

2018年上海市虹口区中考二模(下学期期中)英语试卷带讲解

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版

最新-上海市虹口区2018届高考练习(二模)英语试题及答案精品