2013长清一模英语1
长春市2013届一模英语答案
2013年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语试题参考答案及评分标准说明：本试题满分150分。
其中听力30分，笔试120分。
第一部分听力 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)听力原文:T ext 1.M: I’m quite disappointed with you, Julia. All the students turned in their papers yesterday except you.W: I’m quite sorry, Professor Wang. I promise I’ll bring it tomorrow.T ext 2.M: How many people went to plant trees?W: More than eight hundred and about half of them were middle school students.T ext 3.M: It’s been sunny since Monday, but wet weather is on the way and we’ll have rain the day after tomorrow.W: I’m glad to hear that because I always play golf on Thursday and I like to have good weather.T ext 4.M: Where did you leave your bike?W: At the station. I left it right here at 8:30 this morning, but when I came back it was gone. M: OK, Mrs. Richardson. We’ll keep an eye out, and if the bike turns up, we’ll let you know.T ext 5.W: Oh, hello, Mike. How are you?M: Quite well. Thank you. What’s up?W: Oh, I’m calling to ask if it would be all right to visit you this weekend.T ext 6.W: What can I do for you?M: I’d like to exchange this sweater.W: What seems to be the matter?M: Well, I bought this sweater as a birthday present for a friend of mine, but it’s the wrong size.I’d like a bigger one.W: Do you have a receipt?M: Y eah, here it is.W: All right. Y ou can have a bigger one. But I’m afraid they are not the same price. Y ou have to pay another 12 dollars.M: No problem. Here you are.T ext 7.W: Hi, Paul. This is Jane.M: Oh, hi. How are things?W: Just fine, thanks. Uh, are you doing anything on Saturday night?M: Hmm, Saturday night? Let me think. Oh, yes. My cousin just called to ask me to meet him at the airport.W: Oh, that’s too bad! It’s my birthday. I’m going to have a birthday party at home.M: I’m really sorry, but I won’t be able to make it.W: I’m sorry, too. But that’s OK.T ext 8.W: Let me help you to some more fish.M: The fish is delicious. But I’ve had enough now. I’d like to have some soup.W: Here it is. Help yourself.M: Thanks. I didn’t know you were so good at cooking. If my wife were here, she would be surprised as I am.W: Well, bring your wife too if you come here next time. I haven’t seen her for quite some time.M: Sure, I will. My wife will be very happy to see you, too. Well, I’m full now. Thank you for your wonderful meal.W: I’m glad you enjoyed it.T ext 9.W: Hi, Mike. I had an interview this morning.M: I had an interview, too, a great one with Admission at Columbia University.W: Really? What did they say? Will you get in?M: Well, they didn’t say anything for sure. But I figure that with my grades and my personality, I’ll have no problem. How was your interview with Michigan University?W: The interview went fine. My father would like me to go there. He and my grandpa both went there.M: I t’s a great medical school. Y ou would be following in your father’s footsteps.W: Ah! But I’d like to follow in my own footsteps. I want to study journalism so I can be a reporter.M: Y ou’ve done a pretty good job on our school paper. Y ou’re the best in our class.T ext 10.The first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was to watch the TV news. I could see that the situation was bad, and they showed on a map where the fires were burning. Outside in the garden I couldn’t see the sun, as the sky was full of smoke. I decided I’d better prepare to leave. My son was staying in town and my husband was abroad. So it was up to me to decide what to do. I packed a suitcase of clothes and another case of useful things. It’s difficult in this kind of situation to know what to take with you. So I took my passport and my bankbook and all the money I had. Out in the garden the sky was getting blacker, and the wind which had been blowing hard for two days was getting stronger. I could now hear the sound of the fire, which was only a mile or two away. I got into my car and drove down the road. The smoke was thick and at times it was difficult to see the road. Animals were running across the road, trying to escape from the fire. Five miles down the road I came to a long bridge over the river. Once on the other side, I knew I was safe.参考答案：1.C 【命题立意】考查考生对具体信息的理解能力。
山东省济南市长清第一中学高一英语测试题含解析
山东省济南市长清第一中学高一英语测试题含解析一、选择题1. Look out when crossing the road, _____ you may be hit by a car.A. orB. andC. soD. but参考答案：A2. The village I grew up ________ was destroyed by the earthquake last year and is under construction now. A．in B．in itC．in that D．in which参考答案：A解析考查定语从句。
句意：我长大的那个村庄去年在地震中被毁坏了，并且现在在修建中。
I grew up为定语从句，先行词the village与定语从句之间需要加介词in。
3. Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought upB. looked upC. picked upD. set up参考答案：C18. Some people are good at _____ voices on the phone while others ______.A. knowing; aren’tB. recognizing; don’tC. knowing; don’tD. recognizing; aren’t参考答案：D略5. We spent half an hour looking for the missing book，but eventually ______ and went home.A．gave up B．picked up C．put off D．turned off参考答案：A6. We insist that all school students, especially those from the poor areas, should have abalanced to keep fit. A. meal B. diet C. feast D. food参考答案：B略7. ---I'm afraid that she won't come to help me as she promised.---Don't worry. Nothing will ________her mind if she has ________up her mind.A. change; madeB. turn; doneC. grow; givenD. make; changed参考答案：A8. We should go to the cinema early. __________, there won’t be any tickets left.A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Instead参考答案：B9. I regretted not ______ the job last month.A. tookB. takingC. takenD. to take参考答案：B10. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _______ safely．A. are arriving B have arrived C had arrived D will arrive参考答案：B11. The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read.- But I’m afraid it won’t be liked byA. somebodyB. everybodyC. anybodyD. nobody 参考答案：B12. She spent a lot of time preparing for the interview, ______ was quite unnecessary.A. which I thoughtB. which I thought itC. and I thought sheD. but which I thought参考答案：A13. It’s ______ great news for the driver that running a yellow light no longer results in ______6-point punishment.A. /; theB. a; theC. /; aD. a; a参考答案：C14. As we all know, practicing Yoga ________our health; that is to say, our health can ________ it. A．benefits to; benefit B．benefits; benefit fromC．benefits from; benefit D．benefits; are benefited from参考答案：B15. －I missed the first part of the film. It was a pity.－You ________ home half an hour earlier.A. should goB. must have goneC. should leaveD. should have left参考答案：D16. Was it _____he said or something that he did _____ made her cry so sadly?A. what; thatB. that; whichC. that; whatD. what; /参考答案：A17. A lot of small towns in Nanchang are definitely worth ________.A．visiting B．visitedC．to be visited D．being visited参考答案：A[考查非谓语动词。
2013年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers2. A minor B external C crucial D objective3. A issue B vision C picture D moment4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless6. A in B for C to D on7. A if B until C though D unless8. A. test B.emphasize C.share D.promote9. A.decision B.quality C.status D.success10. A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified11. A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced17. A below B after C above D before18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year –about 64 items per person –and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes –and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, MMicrosoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural”ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its socialconsequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List”suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization" and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field " and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powersHowever,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization anddistribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficientenergy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsicthat we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay,you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) interpret its intended meaning ,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2013年全国研究生入学考试英语一答案1.A(grants)2. B(external)3. C（picture）4. D(for example)5. B(fearful)6. D(on)7. A(if)8. A(test)9. D(success)10.C(chosen)11.A(otherwise)12.C(conducted)13.B(rated)14.C(took)15.B(then)16.C(marked)17.D(before)18.D(drop)19.B(undo)20.A(necessary)Text 121. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[B] insensitivity to fashion.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing25. What is the subject of the text[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.Text 226. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural”ads help advertisers to:[B] lower their operational costs27. “The industry”(Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[C] will not benefit consumers29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[D] skepticismText331·[B] our faith in science and technology32·[A] a sustained species33·[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive34·[C] draw onour experience from the past35·[C] TheEver-bright Prospects of MankindText 436. [C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law37. [C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.38. [D]stood in favor of the states39. [A] outweighs that held by the states40. [B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories,。
2013全国英语卷1(附答案)
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do?A.Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2.What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy nightB. Their life in townC.A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home4. What will Celia do?A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a gift.B. Give John a surpriseC. Invite John to France.7. What does the man think of Sara’s plan?A. Funny.B. Exciting.C. Strange.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
2013年英语一模参考答案 (1)
2013年初中毕业班第一次模拟检测参考答案及听力材料英语一、A. 1~5：BACAB B. 6~10：CBCBB 11~15：ABBAA C. 16~20：BCBACD. 21. my mother 22. 200 (two hundred) 23. 3(three) 24. the U.S.A 25. next year二、26~30：DCADB 31~35：BCADA 36~40：CDDCB 41~45：CABCC三、46~50：CDABC 51~55：DDBAB四、56~60：BCDA B 61~65：ACBDD 66~70：GBCFD五、71. watch72. the73. than74. other75. there 76. questions77. on78. listen79. at80. us六、A. 1. sugar 2. foods including sugar 3. Vegetables 4. Before a meal 5. BreakfastB. How to Eat in a Healthy WayHello, everybody. I'm Li Hua. Today my topic is how to eat in a healthy way.Firstly, we should never eat fried food or foods with lots of sugar because they are not good for health. Secondly, try to eat more vegetables and fruit. Because they can make us become much healthier.My eating habits are good. For example, I often eat healthy foods, like wholemeal bread, eggs, vegetables and milk for breakfast and rice, noodles, and vegetables for dinner.I hope everyone can eat in a healthy way.附听力材料：一、听力理解A. 听句子。
2013年英语一试题及答案详解
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits[D] delivers2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable[D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave[D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary[D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable ——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s T he Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, co mpanies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Micro soft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’schief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simp le?26. It is suggested in P aragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to[A] ease competition among themselves.[B] lower their operational costs.[C] avoid complaints from consumers.[D] provide better online services.27. “The industry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to[A] online advertisers.[B] e-commerce conductors.[C] digital information analysis.[D] internet browser developers.28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default.[A] may cut the number of junk ads.[B] fails to affect the ad industry.[C] will not benefit consumers.[D] goes against human nature.29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of[A] indulgence.[B] understanding.[C] appreciation.[D] skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely —though by no means uniformly — glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment.[B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks.[D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are[A] a sustained species.[B] a threat to the environment.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a misplaced race.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vo te, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset t he balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the fiel d,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41) . Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) . This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change”or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) .When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding.(44) . This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) . That shouldcreate more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: onethat is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with othercategories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and whatit considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behaviour: all require behaviouralchange and social innovations, as well as technological development.Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle suchproblems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and thehumanities as a percentage of all research and development funds —including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate —varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; 46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midstof turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. 47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, 49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal lift, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. 50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingP art ADirections:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Section III WritingPart A参考范文：Dear professor,I am the chairman of the Students’ Union of Foreign Language Department in Peking University. We plan to hold an English speech contest and I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the competition.The contest will be held in Room 201, Teaching Building No. 3 on next Sunday, January 12, 2013. It will begin at 6:30 and may last for 3 hours. Participants are excellent students fluent in spoken English from different majors in our university. Judges to be invited include another three professors and language experts who are very familiar to you.We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable comments. Please contact us at 1234567 if you can come.Yours sincerely, Li MingPart B参考范文Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group ofgraduates are facing various roads to go, such as searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going abroad and becoming entrepreneurs. The picture intends to convey us that, as adults, college graduates have to make their own decisions about future life.After graduation, college students should choose future life based on their own realities and dreams. For those, who are eager to become economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing poineering work may be satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, others who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, ought to try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree, because they cherish lifetime success and interest more in academic achievements than money.It is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. I’m a strong be liever that one should do more research and learn more while he or she is still young.参考译文近来，大家越发为毕业选择的话题担忧起来。
2013年考研英语一真题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulText 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, P riestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have all owed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no meansuniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knock ed out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principle s that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact wit h law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Fede ral officers’ duty to withhold immigrants ‘information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. grants2. D. external3. C. picture4. A. For example5. B. fearful6. B. on7. A. if8. D. test9. D. success10. A. chosen11. D. otherwise12. C. conducted13. B. rated14. D. took 15. B. then16. C. marked17. A. before18. C. drop19. B. undo20. C. necessarySection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 (In the 2006)21. B. insensitivity to fashion22. D. shop for their garment more frequently23. A. accusation24. D. pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing25. C. criticism of the fast-fashion industryText 2 (An old saying)26. B. lower their operational costs27. D. internet browser developers28. C. will not benefit consumers29. A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose30. D. skepticismText 3 (Now utopia)31. B. our faith in science and technology32. A. sustained species33. D. our immediate future is hard to conceive34. C. draw on our experience from the past35. C. the ever-bright prospects of mankindText 4 (On a five to three)36. C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration37. C. states’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement38. D. stood in favor of the states39. A. outweighs that held by the states40. D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B41. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior...42. F. Despite these factors...43. B. However, the numbers are still small...44. G. During the late 1990s...45. C. The idea is to force social to integrate...Section III Translation46. 然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然意识到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求47. 一块神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。
2013-山东省-济南市-一模-英语
山东省济南市2013届高三3月模拟考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必用0．5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2．第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3．第II卷必须用0．5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷（共1 05分）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21．--- How about going out for a break?---We've been working for three hours．A．Take your time B．It's my pleasureC．Come on D．I totally agree22．Come in and sit down and I you what I've found recently．A．show B．will show C．showed D．was showing 23．---I will have to think about it again．--- If you _ , you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether．A．hesitate B．wonder C．continue D．fail24．you are unable to deal with it, perhaps we should ask someone else for help．A．Although B．While C．Since D．Unless 25．Nowadays certain limit should be set on use of cars to reduce air pollution．A．/; the B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 26．The quarrel to the fight started from their disbelief in each other．A．led B．to lead C．leading D．having led 27．His speech had given us food for , so the later discussion turned into a heated debate．A．thought B．notice C．fun D．attention 28．--- Are you coming to the party?--- No, I .A．hadn't invited B．didn't inviteC．wasn't invited D．haven't been invited29．The Voice of China has set up a stage some people can achieve their dreams．A．which B．where C．that D．when 30．The basic design of the car is very similar to of earlier models．A．that B．it C．this D．one31．I'm trying to look ahead at might happen in future and be ready to handle it．A．which B．that C．what D．as32．You should study the details of the policy before you sign it.A．in return B．in advance C．at ease D．on purpose 33．with children’s pictures, the walls of the classroom look better．A．Having decorated B．Being decoratedC．To be decorated D．Decorated34．It was a difficult time for our family, but things turned out all right．A．frequently B．eventuallyC．obviously D．regularly35．--- I failed my driving test．--- ; they say the best drivers always fail the first time．A．Never mind B．Go ahead C．No problem D．Come on第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）What is it that you love to do but never feel that you get it quite right? Perhaps you don't even try any more because you think what you do is not 36 enough．Discouragement seems to follow us a good part of the time, 37 whatever it is that we work so hard doing, it seems that there is 38 someone else who can do it much better．I have always enjoyed music and it is 39 to me that every musician has a 40 of their own．My father__41 several instruments and when he played with others, it was not difficult to 42 his sound in a group．Whether it was guitar or another instrument, he．had his own 43 sound．I 44 read of a music teacher who commented to a discouraged student, " 45 else can make’ the sound that you make．" The sound that you make may not be the same as someone else's but who is to say which is 46 ．It is said that, " 47 is in the eye of the beholder（观看者）”, perhaps it could be said that a delightful sound "is in the ear of the 48 "．Every person has a different tone of voice that 49 only to them, 50 we all know people with an unforgettable laugh or a way of 51 that is unique to them．It might not be the sound of your music or your voice at all．It 52 be the way you whistle or the sound of yourfootsteps．Each person has a（an）53 on the world in some way．Someone else can do what you do, but they cannot do it 54 the same way that you do it．The next time you feel 55 , remember "Nobody else can make the sound that you make．"36．A．easy B．good C．simple D．hard 37．A．because B．although C．when D．if 38．A．seldom B．always C．never D．sometimes 39．A．satisfying B．convincing C．inspiring D．interesting 40．A．gift B．sound C．life D．song 41．A．played B．designed C．created D．checked42．A．turn down B．call up C．pick out D．give off 43．A．loud B．powerful C．perfect D．special 44．A．once B．yet C．even D．still 45．A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Nobody D．Everybody 46．A．bigger B．better C．deeper D．lower 47．A．beauty B．interest C．patience D．honesty 48．A．speaker B．receiver C．listener D．looker 49．A．devotes B．adds C．adapts D．belongs 50．A．but B．yet C．and D．for 51．A．running B．walking C．jumping D．speaking 52．A．must B．might C．would D．could 53．A．choice B．opinion C．duty D．effect 54．A．exactly B．carefully C．cautiously D．seriously 55．A．annoyed B．puzzled C．discouraged D．bothered第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）ATo win an Oscar is an achievement at any age．To do so at 22, as Jennifer Lawrence has, is just amazing．Recently, the American star won Best Actress at this year's Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook．According to Time magazine's Richard Corliss, Lawrence is that rare young actress who "lends a mature intelligence to any role"．Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screenwork, Lawrence wasn't sure what she really liked doing before the age of14．She thought she'd go to college and maybe find a career as a doctor ora travel agent．Lawrence's two brothers were star athletes and one of them was astraight-A student．Unlike them, she suffered through school, never quitefinding where she belonged．However, during a trip to New York, Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress．When she was enjoying the beautiful city, a model seeker asked if he could take her picture, and the next day he called her in for an audition(试镜）．"I read the script and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this," Lawrence said．"Within 20 minutes, in the cab ride from the hotel room, I decided I didn't want to be a model．In fact, I wanted to be an actress．" Having appreciated this young lady's performance, the agency was so impressed with her reading that they signed her on the spot．But she insisted on finishing high school so she could give her full attention to her acting career．Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The．lounger Games, which established her as the highest-grossing （标房最高的）female action hero offal time．Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America"．56．Which of the following is true of Jennifer Lawrence?A．She achieved her dream by chance．B．She used to be a well-known model．C．She was awarded by the Academy Awards．D．She wanted to be an actress at an early age．57．What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3?A．Her parents were really strict with her．B．She seemed not to fit in her school days well．C．Her school performance made her today's fame．D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects．58．Lawrence made up her mind to be an actress because of ．A．a model interview B．her brothers' examplesC．the taxi-ride to her hotel room D．the beautiful scenery of New York 59．From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great .A．confidence B．ambition C．independence D．talent 60．What is the best title of the text?A．Choosing Right B．Acting WiselyC．Winning Young D．Following DreamsBIn the past two decades, the Chinese economy has undergone many reforms in an effort to compete more effectively on the international market．These reforms included allowing foreign hanks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens, Now, researchers at the University of Missouri （MU）have found about 30 percent of Chinese urban households now own at least one credit card and the growth rate of credit card adoption has been an average of 40 percent per year between 2004 and 2009．Rui Yao, an assistant professor of personal financial planning at MU, says that this large growth in such a small amount of time has positive and negative implications for the Chinese economy．"With more and more people taking advantage of credit in China, it certainly increases potential consumer buying power," Yao said．"However, we found that more than 90 percent of non-credit card users were unaware of safety issues existing in credit card use and more than 60 percent had little knowledge of the consequences of credit card debt．Thus lack of knowledge could create problems as credit card ownership is expected to grow at a rate of I percent a year．"Yao found that would 72 percent of Chinese credit card holders were never late on their payments, only 55 percent were able to pay the full balance．She also found that 70 percent of Clones credit card holders said that credit cards contributed to overspending．Yao believes the Chinese could benefit from facial education designed to help them plan for their financial future and encouraging the Chinese to take advantage of debt in a responsible fashion is important for the Chinese economy．"Appropriate use of debt can help households improve their quality of life as well as spur economic growth through an increase in market purchases．" Yao said．61．Why did China allow foreign banks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens?A．To increase Chinese citizens' confidence in economy．B．To respond to the urgent demand for financial reforms．C．To improve competitiveness in the international market．D．To persuade more Chinese citizens to accept credit cards．62．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A．The potential market purchases in the future．B．Weaknesses caused by lack of credit risks．C．The rapid growth in credit card ownership．D．Advantages and disadvantages fusing credit．63．A lot of figures are used in the text in order to .A．record the valuable data B．provide concrete evidenceC．introduce a research method D．give a detailed description64．It can be inferred from the text that .A．some Chinese citizens lack knowledge of credit risksB．education is the only solution to future financial issuesC．overspending is mainly brought about by credit cardsD．most Chinese credit card holders can't pay the balance65．The underlined word "spur" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to " ”A．control B．delay C．promote D．discourageCMany years ago, a French naturalist, the Count de Buffon, wrote some books about natural history．The books were a great success even though some critics（批评家）did not like them．Some critics said, "Count Buffon is more of a poet than a scientist．"Thomas Jefferson did not like what the Count had said about the natural wonders of the New World．It seemed to Jefferson that the Count had spoken of natural wonders in America as if they were unimportant．This troubled Thomas Jefferson．He too was a naturalist, as well as a farmer, inventor, historian, writer and politician．He had seen the natural wonders of Europe．To him, they were no more important than those of the New World．In 1788, Thomas Jefferson wrote about his home state, Virginia．While writing, he thought of its natural beauty and then of the words of Count de Buffon．At that moment, Jefferson created a new word - belittle．He said, "The Count de Buffon believes that nature belittles her productions on this side of the Atlantic．"Noah Webster, the American word expert, liked this word．He put it in this English language dictionary in1806, "Belittle—to make small, unimportant．"Americans had already accepted Jefferson's word and started to use it．In 1797, the Independent Chronicle newspaper used the word to describe a politician the paper supported．"He is an honorable man, " the paper wrote, "so let the opposition tr）r to belittle him as much as they please．"In 1872, a famous American word expert decided that the time had come to kill talus word．He said, "Belittle has no chance of becoming English．And as more critical writers of America, like those of Britain, feel no need obit, the sooner it is forgotten, the better．"This expert failed to kill the word．Today, belittle is used where the English language is spoken．66．Why did Thomas Jefferson disagree with the Count de Buffon?A．The Count was more of a poet．B．The Count wasn't a true scientist．C．The Count was a writer from Europe．D．The Count had prejudice over the New World．67．From the text we can know that .A．all critics thought lushly of the Count de BuffonB．Thomas Jefferson didn't like naturalistsC．the word "belittle" came from a disagreementD．word experts can change the future of a new word68．We can infer that Jefferson created the word "belittle" out of his .A．anger B．excitement C．kindness D．responsibility 69．Which of the following is true of the word "belittle"?A．It has already disappeared．B．It was created by Thomas Jefferson．C．It was used to describe nature．D．The Independent Chronicle made it popular．70．What is the main topic of the text?A．How the word "belittle" came into being．B．The argument about natural wonders．C．Every word has a long history behind．D．Noah Webster supported Jefferson's idea．DResearchers have developed new software using smart phones' GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smart phone armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front, the software could be used by everyone, including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．"The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single, readily available, relatively inexpensive package," said Qia Wang, a doctoral student who led the development of the software．"For example, on the battlefield, a soldier needs a rangefinder, compass, GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software, the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from war, she can use the same software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her cauldron’s school and cat clung the criminal on video．"Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track:Targets of known size -When the size of the target is known, a single image is enough to pinpoint the target's location．Targets of unknown size -If the exact size of a target is unknown, the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target．Moving targets - By taking a short video of a moving target, the Smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going．"Currently, our software is limited by the physical abilities of Smartphone hardware, but the devices are improving rapidly," Wang said. “We expect th at improvements in GPS accuracy, battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．"71．From Paragraph l we can know that the new software can .A．determine the speed of moving objects B．locate objects in the distance exactly C．defend soldiers against their enemies D．help biologists protect rare animals 72．The example given by Qia Wang is meant to .A．make an advertisement B．describe the software brieflyC．show the benefits of the software D．present the functions of Smartphones 73．How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?A．By taking a short video．B．By locating its position．C．By taking a single image．D．By measuring real-life size．74．What's Qia Wang's attitude towards the future of the software?A．Casual．B．Optimistic．C．Cautious．D．Flexible．75．What is the best title of the text?A．Qia Wang, a Talented Doctoral StudentB．Use Smartphone’s to Their Full Potent ialC．Targeting and Tracking With SmartphonesD．Smartphone - armed Soldiers on the Battlefield第II卷（共45分）第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
2013年重庆一诊高考模拟调研卷一考模拟英语1
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）英语一考模拟调研测试卷（一）一、听力（共三节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．£19.15. B．£9.15. C．£9.18.答案选B.1．What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Librarian and student. B．Boss and secretary. C．Customer and repairman. 2．What can we learn from the conversation?A．The woman prefers going out.B．The woman will make the decision.C．The man would rather stay inside.3．What is the woman?A．A worker at McDonald‟s.B．A student. C．A customer in a market. 4．Where does this conversation most probably take place?A．In a restaurant. B．In a park. C．In a hospital.5．Why does the woman look awful?A．Because she is all wet.B．Because she is tired out.C．Because she walked a long distance.第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）请听下面4段对话。
2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]
![2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0fbd18750c22590103029d71.png)
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。
2013年考研英语1真题答案及解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。
2013中考英语模拟考试(1)及答案
2013中考英语模拟考试（1）及答案英语试卷说明：1.全卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时90分钟2.答题需在答题卡上作答，作答在试卷上无效。
一、听力理解（本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分，共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）A、听句子（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）1. What time will the film begin?2. Which picture is the woman talking abuout?3. What does Linda’s f ather do?4. Where is Liu Chang now?5. What will the boy do on Sunday?B、听对话（本题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）6. Where is Miss Black going this weekend?A. SchoolB. CinemaC. Shop7. What does Betty want to cook for dinner tonight?A. Some fishB. Some meatC. Some chicken8. What did they do just now?A. Eating in the restaurantB. SkiingC. Skating9. What’s the boy f avorite color?A. WhiteB. BlackC.I don’t kn ow10. By what was the man nearly hit?A. A man on a bikeB.A carC.A motorbike11. Where does Sarah live now?A. In LondonB. In EnglandC. In New York12. When did Sarah go to London?A. Last monthB. Last JulyC. Last June13. What’s the man’s favorite TV program?A. ScienceB. Modern EnglishC. Culture Beijing14.The man watches his favorite TV program .A .just for fun B. because no other programs C.because it can improne his English.15.Who doesn’t like science?A. The manB. The womanC. The man and the womanC、听短文（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）16. Li Jun is a .A. playerB. studentC. driver17.Li Jun joivs a(n) club.A.ChineseB. mathC. English18. foreign students and teachers will come.A. TwoB. TenC. Twelve19.They wil live in Beijing.A. with local familiesB. in hospitalC. at school20.They will from Monday to Friday.A. practice their spoken ChineseB. go to Chinese classesC. go to some places of interest26. Jack has .A.. two pieces of breadsB. two pieces of breadC. two pieces breadD.two piece of bread27.You had better use computer. is broken.A. his, MyB. his, MineC. he, MyD. him , Mine28.Lucy is very excited because today is her birthday.A. ninethB. nineC. the ninthD. ninth29. The 16th Asian Games was held November 12 to 27 in Guangzhou last year.A. onB. fromC. betweenD. among30. Good to see you again .It’s almost three years we met last time.A. untilB. beforeC. whileD. since31.—I have great in learning math and I’m so worried. Could you help me?—Sure. I’d b e glad to.A. troubleB. interestC. joyD. fun32. —is it to your home town from here?—Well, it takes a little over three hours to get there by train.A .How soon B. How much C. How long D. How far33. —May I have a look at the MP4, Sir?—Which one? black one?A. AB. AnC. TheD. /34.You be tired after playing sports for a long time without a rest.A. mustB. needC. can’tD. may35. —Can you tell me the English meaning of the word?—Why don’t you in the dictionary?A. look it upB. ring it upC.pick it upD.give it up36. —There a big earthquake in Japan last year.—Year .Many Chinese volunteers went there to help the people in trouble.A.wasB.isC. wereD.are37.More than twenty factories in the city next year.A.will be builtB. were builtC.have builtD. are built38.It takes forty-five minutes there by bus.A.to getB.getC.gettingD.to get to39.John had a short walk after lunch, ?A.did heB.didn’t heC.had heD. hadn’t he40.—It’s raining.Cherry .Please take an umbrella with you.—Thanks.I’ll return it to you when I next weel.A.cameB.will comeeD.am coming41.Could you tell me ? I’m his old friend.A.where does Jim liveB.when will Jim come backC. where Jim has goneD.how is Jim42.The basketball I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.A.thatB.whereC. whoD.when43.As we all know,it’s not polite to keep others for a long time.A.waitB.waitedC. to waitD. waiting44. —beautiful day it is! —Yeah!Why not go bike riding?A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a45. —I think honesty is the most important thing in doing everything. —.A.All rightB.Never mindC.I think so ,too .D.Yes, please.三、完形填空（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）This summer my parents and I visited Inner Mongolia. We stayed there for three days. 46 we were there, we had an English-speaking guide named Allen. It was 47 for us to have guide like 48 because he was very good at translating things for us. 49his help we enjoyed ourselves.On the first night in Inner Mongolia, we had a picnic in the open air and 50in yurts (蒙古包).The next day ,we went to a Buddhist temple（佛庙）.There ,we were 51 about temples. On our last day in Inner Mongolia. we went to the Gobi Desert. There were many kinds of52.The most enjoyable thing we did was camel riding.After visiting the desert ,we went to Beijing by train .We visited the Great Wall and the Summer Palace .We were lucky to get tickets to53 a concert in the Bird’s Nest. We also went to see the Water Cube and the Olympic Broadcast Tower .It was so 54 to visit these places of interest.That’s 55 our first week in China went .Next time I will tell you more .46 . A. While B.Unless C.Although D.Before47. A.angry B.lucky C. wrong D.fair48.A.it B.him C.her D.them49.A.To B.During C.In D.With50.A.believed B.designed C.slept D.discovered51.A.liked B.told C.closed D. minded52.A.phones B.plants C. suqqestions D.activities53.A.ask B.start . C.enjoy D.build54.A.clam B.cool C.silly D.scary55.A.why B.what C.where D.how四、阅读理解（本大题有15小题，每小题2分，共30分）AHere is travel brochure(手册).Five-day Tour to GuilinDates: May 1—May 5Travel: By plane to and from Guilin; by sightseeing bus in GuilinCost: 3,500yuanIncuding:Travel, three –star hotel,meals and admission tickets（门票）……Here is Lin Ling’s spending habits. Her allowance（金钱）is 150 yuan a month.56.If you go to Guilin for May Day ,you will get there .A. by trainB. by airC. by busD. by ship57.You will when you visit Guilin.A. live in the two-star hotelB. spend four days thereC. pay for the admission tickets yourselfD. spend 3,500 yuan58.Lin Ling will save in the bank in half a year.A.150 yuanB.3,500 yuanC.180 yuanD.900 yuan59.Transport will cost Lin Ling every month.A.22.5 yuanB. 30yuanC.45yuanD.150yuan60.We can know according to the information above.A. you can take the train or bus to visit Guilin on May DayB. you have to pay for meals and admission tickets during the tourC.Lin Ling spends most of her money on study a monthD.Lin Ling is interested in collecting old coins and stampsBIn the near future, people in some parts of the world will watch a new kind of television. It is called the high definition television or the HD-TV. The main difference between an HD-TV and a normal television is the picture. It is more clear and detailed. This is because the HD-TV has many more points and lines that make a television image .Every color television picture contains thousands of red, green and blue points. They all come together as an image in the eye of the person watching .The points are organized in lines that go across the television screen. There are more than five hundred lines in a normal television .The HD-TV has two times as many .To get this clear picture, you must have a big screen .Experts say people using a small screen will see little difference.The HD-TV also has clear sound. It is like the sound on a CD. All these improvements make an HD-TV very costly. One kind in Japan now sells for more than twenty thousand dollars .A major problem with the HD-TV is its broadcast signal（传播信号）.The signal is bigger than normal because it carries more electronic information.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
山东济南市长清第一中学高考英语一模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解
山东济南市长清第一中学高考英语一模试卷分类汇编阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解As winter set in, it's the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder. Here are vacation ideas to adopt now.Costa RicaCosta Rica, located in the Valle del General, is an off-the-radar agriculture town that's not overrun with tourists. The area is known for its coffee, pineapples and sugar cane plantations, as well as its rich forests. What's more, you can enjoy horseback riding, spend afternoons at the spa or tour a nearby wildlife shelter to look out for colorful birds, sloths and other animals.Los Cabos, MexicoIf you love wine, travel to Los Cabos, a beautiful vacation destination at the southern edge of the Baja Peninsula. During your getaway, you can enjoy special wine tastings and dinner cooked by Los Cabos's Michelin-starred chef. There are wildlife-viewing opportunities, too. From December through May, you can spot whales, manta rays and more wildlife.Petit St Vincent, the GrenadinesThis private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria. What's more, the whole island is only 115 acres and has 22 cottages. Each cottage is located in a quiet place, and you can expect to unplug and recharge phones with no wireless connections, televisions or telephones in the cottages. Even better, you can spend your days admiring fascinating marine (海洋的) life at the Jean-Michel Cousteau Diving Caribbean center.The Exumas, BahamasOn Fowl Cay's 50-acre private island, you can enjoy a carefree escape. Days can be spent fishing, boating and diving before wandering along white sands. The resort features large one-, two- and three-bedroom houses. Best of all, if you're planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip, you rent the entire island for a one-of-a-kind island escape.（1）Why does the author recommend these places to readers?A. To escape from extreme weather.B. To experience out-of-town sights.C. To beat winter blues.D. To treat mental diseases.（2）What do we know about Petit St Vincent?A. It suffered from Irma and Maria.B. It's a huge and quiet island.C. People can admire fish off shore.D. People can charge phones using wireless connections（3）Where can Tom best go with his grandparents and parents?A. Los Cabos, Mexico.B. Petit St Vincent, the Grenadines.C. Costa Rica.D. The Exumas, Bahamas.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了冬天来临之时，适合外出度假的一些地点。
山东省济南市长清第一中学高三英语模拟试题含解析
山东省济南市长清第一中学高三英语模拟试题含解析一、选择题1. Tony ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. couldn’t 参考答案：B2. International communications have led to ________.A using English widely. B. English having used widely.C English to be used widely. D. English being used widely参考答案：D3. - The Korean TV play being shown is really a hit.- Do you mean the one _______ title is Man From the Stars?A. whichB. whoC. thatD. whose参考答案：D4. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.A. he had consideredB. had he consideredC. he consideredD. did he consider参考答案：D5. -- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.ks5u--- Well, I don’t know. It ______do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should参考答案：A6. The Well Hotel stands ________ the main road at the far end of the lake.A. toB. forC. outD. off参考答案：D7. A lucky couple got registered at 12 am, on 12th. December, 2012. what a (n) !A．incident B．accident C．coincidence D．chance 参考答案：C8. —Let’s go to the Blue Lagnoon. The soft music makes me relaxed.— ________. It makes me sleepy.A. Bless meB. Me, tooC. Not meD. Let me see参考答案：C解析：考查交际用语。
山东济南市长清第一中学高考英语一模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读
山东济南市长清第一中学高考英语一模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读一、高中英语任务型阅读1．任务型阅读Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.The Indoor PollutionIndoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.The Outdoor pollutionResearchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.／results／effects；Factors；caused/ increased；Besides；remain/ stay；increased/ increasing；harmful；prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了哮喘产生的原因，从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。
长清区2013届高三第一次质量检测英语答案
长清区2013届高三第一次质量检测英语答案21—25 B D B D A 26—30 A D B C B 31-35 C D C C D36-40 C D BAB 41-45DCCBA 46-50DCCDB 51-55AABDA56—60A BDDA61-65BADAC66—70 CADAB71—75 ADBBD第一节阅读表达（第76题2分，77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分15分）76.By comparing some good reasons with some bad ones77.non-degree holders/those without degrees are not/seldom78.By making people much wiser and worldly79.Because that could help them head for a new career or make great achievements in your chosenfield.80.People should go to college with a true reason.第二节写作（满分30分）A Possible VersionThursday Marchl, 2012 FineThis afternoon an American high school delegation, consisting of 10 students and 5 teachers came to visit our school. Our headmaster showed them around some parts of the school, such as the library, the lab and the gym.Fortunately, our class was chosen to have an informal discussion with the visitors, which was a good opportunity for us to practice our English. Everyone at present was active to introduce themselves one by me. Our monitor, Zhanghua,made a brief introduction of the Chinese traditional festivals, especially the Chinese Spring Festival.Soon after that Tom, an American student, who was a great fan of Yaoming and Jeremy Shu-How Lin, said something about NBA and some other hobbies. Then we talked about some other topics that we were concerned with.Almost an hour had passed before we realized it. It’s really amazing to talk with the American teachers and students in English, which helps us a lot with our English.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
C
If you want to become a better reader, what would you know about the speed
of reading? Some people read very quickly, while others read very slowly. But
which one is better? The quick reader may be a good reader when he reads a
story-book for fun. But he may not be able to slow down to read details carefully.
He may read so quickly that he does not take time to understand fully the ideas and
information which are important to remember. The slow reader may also be a good
reader. But he may spend too much time reading a simple story that is meant to be enjoyed but is not import enough to be remembered. So you see, neither the reader who reads everything quickly nor the one who reads everything slowly is really a good reader. Here are four important things to remember about the speed of reading:
■Knowing why you are reading will often help you to know whether to read quickly or slowly ■Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are instructions for making or doing some things, math problems, science and story-books which are full of important information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important idea.
■Some things should be read quickly throughout. Examples are simple stories for enjoinment, letters, from friends, and bits of mews from hometown papers.
■In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow or slow to fast as you go along. You will need to read certain pages quickly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas.
( )76.How many speeds of reading are there in this passage?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
( )77.What should you read slowly when read?
A. Letters, messages and e-mails
B. newspapers and magazines
C. Something full of important information
D. Picture-books
( )78.What should you read quickly when read?
A. Textbooks
B. Instructions for making something
C. Story-books, newspapers and so on
D. Science and history books
( )79.What must we read instructions slowly?
A. Because we must understand fully the ideas of them
B. Because we must remember the important information of them
C. Because we think the instructions are very funny
D. Both A and B
( )80.How can we become a good reader?
A. Read as fast as possible and don’t remember them all
B. Change our speed when read something different
C. Read things quickly throughout
D. Read things slowly throughout。