专题一 名词
语法专题一 名词
语法专题一名词[考点解析]一、名词的数1.不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数之分, 它包括抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词. 例如: health, advice, glass, wood. English, America 等.2.可数名词规则的复数形式可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词, 有单, 复数形式. 名词复数构成方法如下:(1)一般情况在名词后加-s, 如: desks, students, pens.(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词(以[s][z][t∫][∫]等读音结尾时) 后加-es, 如: buses, boxes,watches, brushes. 故stomach的复数形式为stomachs..(3)以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es, 如: heroes, potatoes; 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词只加-s, 如:bamboos, zoos, radios. 但不少以-o结尾的外来词变为复数时只加-s, 如: radios, photos, pianos; 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式, 如: zeros/zeroes, volcanos/volcanoes.注: ①有人亦作如下归纳,“以o结尾的英语单词, 表示‘有生命’的事物, 往往加-es, ‘无生命’的往往加s.”②只要记住顺口溜: “黑人Negro和英雄hero喜欢吃西红柿tomato和马铃薯potato”, 你就可以牢记中学教材中出现的以o结尾, 后加-es构成复数的单词了.(4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的名词, 把y改为i, 再加-es, 如: factories, countries.(5) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词, 或以y结尾的专有名词, 直接在词尾加-s, 如: boys, toys,Germanys, Henrys.(6) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式有以下三种情况:①多数把f或fe改为v然后再加-es,如:leaves, lives, shelves.②有的直接加-s. 如:roofs, chiefs, gulfs.③有的名词以上两种形式都可以. 如:handkerchieves/handkerchiefs, scarves/scarfs.3.可数名词不规则的复数形式不规则名词的复数形式没有规律可循, 是要单个记忆的. 例如:man→men, woman →women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice等4.复合名词的复数形式(1)由若干部分组成并含有一个中心词(指人)的, 将复合名称的中心词变为复数.如:daughters-in-law, passersby, film-goers, shoe-makers, lookers-on, grandchildren.(2)以man或woman作词首, 复合名词前后两个词都是中心词时, 前后两部分都变为复数. 如:men singers, women servants.(3)复合名词中没有中心名词时, 在最后一个词后加-s.如:forget-me-nots, grown-ups,go-betweens.二名词的所有格名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系, 其用法相当于一个形容词, 有两种基本形式, 其一是有生命的人或物,多用名词后加’s构成, 如:my parents’ bedroom; 其二是无生命的东西(包括植物), 多用介词of加名词构成,如:leaves of the tree. 另外要注意, 有时名词可以直接作定语, 而不用其所有格形式, 如:a shoe factory (一家鞋厂)等.注意双重属格:a friend of mine; a former classmate of my father’s.三抽象名词具体化抽象名词在有些情况下会出现“抽象名词具体化”. 在这种情况下, 抽象名词指的不是它所要表达的概念的整体, 而是一个个具体的例子, 指一种, 一场, 一阵或者是表达某种心情. 例如:The play we saw last night was a success.我们昨晚看的那场戏很成功.What a great surprise you gave us!你真是让我们大吃一惊.It’s a pleasure to talk with you.和你谈话真令人高兴The concert was a failure because few people came to watch it.音乐会并不成功, 因为没有什么人来观看.[高考示例]【例一】2005安徽高考My ______of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.A. ideaB. opinionC. mindD. thought提示:侧重对某事的“意见; 看法”, mind指想法; 感觉;思维”,thought指“思考;观念;想法”,idea指“计划;主意;念头;想法”.答案: A【例二】2005 辽宁高考The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ______all over the country.A. companiesB. branchesC. organizationsD. businesses提示:题意为:这家银行的总部设在北京, 但它在全国有很多分支机构. 与总部相对的应该是“分支机构”branches.答案: B【例三】2005 浙江高考I am sure David will be able to find the library--he has a pretty good ______of direction.A. ideaB. feelingC. experienceD. sense提示: sense of direction指“方向感”, 符合题意.have a good idea of意为“对……非常了解”, feeling指“感情”, experience指“经验; 经历”.答案:D【例四】The ______is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.A. bicycle’s shopB. bicycle sho pC. bicycles shopD. bicycles’ shop提示: 本题句意为:自行车商店就在拐角处, 你不会错过它. 此题考查名词作定语, 应用其单数形式. bicycle为无生命的词, 一般不用其所有格形式, 故排除A项. bicycle在此句中起限制作用, 表示买什么东西的商店, shop不用其复数形式.答案:B[触类旁通]1. For years scientists have been worried about the ______of air pol lution on the earth’s natural conditions.A. effectB. resultC. accountD. cause2. The lion is considered to be the king of the forest as it is a (an) ______of courage.A. signB. markC. exampleD. symbol3. Now an increasing number of middle school students go abroad for further study at their own ______, trying hard to realize their dreams.A. priceB. costC. expensesD. pay4. The news that his sick fellow student was getting well and strong brought great ______to Mr.Smith.A. courageB. friendshipC. comfortD. happy5. --Is there any ______to the time that I can stay here?--Yes, you must leave here before he comes back.A. numberB. lengthC. limitD. matter6. It is the ______in Britain that young people often do not shake hands when they meet someonefor the first time.A. customB. habitC. hobbyD. favour7. What did Thomas mean? His letter was so confused that I could hardly make any ______of it atall.A. interpretationB. meaningC. messageD. sense8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.A. room’s numberB. room numberC. room’s numbersD. room numbers9. –-Excuse me, where are ______offices?--Over there.A. teacher’sB. teachers’C. the teacher’sD. the teacher’s10. We’ll have a ______holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two daysB. two-dayC. two-daysD. two day’s答案: 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.B。
英语语法知识串讲专题一:名词
高中英语语法总结大全之名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
专题一 名词
专题一名词一、名词的分类注:专有名词表示人体、机构、组织、民族等名词的词。
专有名词一般表示的是独一无二的事物,词首的字母要大写;有的词前要用the,有的不用。
1、不带冠词的专有名词人名:Jim Great 称呼:Uncle,Aunt 地名:English 星期:Sunday月份:April 节日:Christmas Day2、带冠词的专有名词表示全民族的专有名词:the Chinese中国人民当姓氏的名词表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”时:the Zhang姓张的一家或张氏夫妇表示报刊、杂志、书籍的名词:the People’s Daily人民日报the Reader’s Digest读者表示江河、湖泊、盆地、沙漠等的名词:the Chang Jiang River长江the Atlantic Ocean大西洋由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前:the Great Wall长城the UN联合国the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国二、可数名词的复数形式1、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,名词复数构成形式的部分规则如下:2、某国人变复数(1)中国人a Chinese-Chinese(2)英国人an Englishman-Englishmen(3)法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen(4)德国人a German-Germans(5) 阿拉伯人an Arab-Arabs注:可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3、以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿Negro-Negroes黑人hero-heroes英雄tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes但以元音字母加o结尾的词和缩写名词,只加s,如:radio-radios zoo-zooskangaroo-kangaroos photo-photos kilo-kilos video-videos4、复合名词的复数形式,一般把中心名词变为复数。
高考常见易错题型专题一 名词
专题一名词1.In this strange village, there are many small flags on their .A.roofB.roofsC.roovesD.roofes2.He gained his by printing of famous writers.A.wealth; workB.wealths;; worksC.wealths; workD.wealth; works3.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little .A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest4.He dropped the and broke it.A.cup of coffeeB.coffee’s cupC.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup5.The manager lost his just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A.moodB.temperC.mindD.passion6.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a .A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice7.I need cloth, for I’m going to make clothes.A.a lot of; manyB.much; muchC.many; manyD.many; a lot of8.How happy they are! Obviously, they are .A.in nice spiritsB.in nice spiritC.in high spiritsD.in high spirit9.Is there for one more in the car?A.seatB.situationC.positionD.room10.A worker ant has two , one for itself, and one for carrying food to “the folks back home.”A.stomachB.stomachesC.stomachsD.stomacs11.Both Marx and Engles were .A.GermanB.GermansC.GermanyD.from German12.How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyst few sunnyst sunny fewD.few sunny last13. is standing at the corner of the street.A.A policeB.The policeC.PoliceD.A policeman14.Niagara Falls is a great tourist ,drawing millions of visitors every year.A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement。
专题复习(名词)
专题复习:专题一: 名词考点1:名词的分类:可数名词和不可数名词。
考点2:可数名词的单、复数。
规则变化:1、一般直接加s;2、以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的加es;3、以辅音字母加y 结尾,改y为I 加es;4、以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s;5、以f或fe结尾,改f或fe为v加es.6、以o结尾,有生命的加es,无生命的加s。
不规则变化:woman—women man---menfoot—feet tooth—teethpeople—people Chinese—chinesemouse—mice child—children考点3:可数名词的量化,即数词+量词+of+不可数名词。
其中,量词有复数形式。
考点4:名次所有格。
1、‘s 如:mother’s day father’s dayWomen’s day mother’s love2、s’如:Teachers’ Day the twins’ room3、of+ 名次所有格 a photo of my familythe name of dog4、有些表示时间、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以在词尾加’s 构成所有格。
如:today’s newspaperten minutes’ walk考点5:名词作定语。
名词修饰名词变复数时,一般只要将后面的名词变为复数,但当man 或woman修饰时,两个都要变。
考点6、复合形容词作定语,即数词+连字符+名词单数形式专题二代词考点1、人称代词:用来指人、动物或事物的代词。
人称代词有人称、数、格的变化,分为主格和宾格,主格做主语,宾格作宾语,一般用在动词和介词之后。
考点2、物主代词是用来表示所属关系的,也称为人称代词的所有格,物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,修饰名词,放在名词前作定语。
名词性物主代词相当于名词,也相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。
考点3:反身代词。
常与反身代词连用的有enjoy oneself, dress oneself, help oneself, teach oneself…。
专题一 名词
答案:B
13.(2012·温州)—Where does your uncle work, Jack?
—In a ________ in Paris. He is a policeman.
A.TV station B.book store
Байду номын сангаас
C.post office D.police station
解析:考查名词短语辨析 。TV station“ 电视台 ” ; book store“ 书店”; post office“邮局”;police station“警察局”。根据“他是一名警察”可知,此处表示 “在巴黎的警察局工作”,故选D。
答案:D
3.(2012·天津)—Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?
—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) ________. I saw her play tennis just now.
A.foods B.clothes C.buildings
解析:考查名词辨析。food“食物”;clothes“衣服”;building“建筑物”。根据 “每个人都想吃得健康”可知,此处表示“最近人们更加关注食品安全了”。故选A。
答案:A
5.(2012·吉林)—What’s your favorite________?
答案:B
7.(2012·武汉)If by any chance Peter comes to us, please ask him to leave a________.
A.letter C.message
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词名词的分类专有名词:指某人,某地,某机构等专有的名称,其首字母要大写。
如HongKong,China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如 student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family,school,group, people 名词不可数名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:cotton,air,tea抽象名词:表示抽象概念,如:work,happiness,news 2.名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式,其复数的构成规则如下:1)绝大多数在词尾加s。
如:book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2)以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。
如:watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数:piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加es。
例如:baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加s。
例如:boy,boys;key,keys4)以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式,如:leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词,是在f后加s构成复数,常见的有:roof,chief,belief,gulf等。
个别的两种方式都可以,如:handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves 5)少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,要一一背记:man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注:fishes表不同种类的鱼)6)复合名词:A.含man或woman的复合名词,两部分都变为复数形式。
【中考英语常考易错点】专题一名词
专题一名词易错清单1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。
它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
如:There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。
2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。
如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。
(2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。
如:The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。
专题一 名 词
D.skill
解析:考查名词词义辨析。hobby“习惯,嗜好,爱好”; job“工作”;menu“菜单”;skill“技能”。句意为“每 天早晨吃早饭是一个好习惯”。故选A。
答案:A
考点知识精讲
考点训练
宇轩图书
2.(2013· 滨州)—Do you think the________ of this skirt
C.environment
D.government
考点知识精讲
考点训练
宇轩图书
解 析 : Βιβλιοθήκη 查 名 词 词 义 辨 析 。 amusement“ 娱 乐 ” ;
development“ 发 展 ” ; environment“ 环 境 ” ;
room(空间)—a room(房间)
work(工作)—works(著作)
考点知识精讲
考点训练
宇轩图书
(4)不可数名词的数量表达: ①不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定 的数量。 a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸 ②还可用 much , little , a little , a large amount of ,
选项中只有C项information是不可数名词。
答案:C
考点知识精讲
考点训练
宇轩图书
9.These natural disasters have warned us that everyone
should start to protect the ________immediately.
A.amusement B.development
a book of my daughter's 我女儿的一本书
专题1 名词
最新版名校学习资料集锦全国各大名校资料集合专题一 名词一、精讲常考知识考点一 可数名词的复数形式 考点二 不可数名词的数 考点三 名词所有格 考点四 名词作定语 考点五 名词词义辨析 考点六 常见名词短语考点一 可数名词的复数形式名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。
根据事物的性质,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式。
不可数名词没有复数形式。
考点一 可数名词的复数形式 I. 可数名词变复数的规则变化【典例精析】1. There are some ___________ on the floor. A. milk B. child C. boxes解析:there are 后应接可数名词复数,box 的复数为boxes 。
答案:C 。
2. The ___________ of most trees will fall in autumn. A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves解析:of most trees 修饰其前面的名词,所以主语应用复数形式,leaf 的复数是leaves 。
答案: C 。
3. Eating more vegetables is good for our health. I often eat lettuce, broccoli and ___________. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. Potato解析:可数名词前没有冠词,应用复数形式表泛指。
tomato 的复数形式为tomatoes 。
答案:C 。
构成方法例词直接在词尾加’s 。
desk — desks cup — cup以s ,x ,ch ,sh 结尾的,在词尾加’es 。
match — matches brush — brushes以f 或fe 结尾的,变f 或fe 为v ,再在词尾加’es 。
leaf — leaves wife — wives以辅音字母加y 结尾的,把y 变为i ,再在词尾加’es 。
专题一 名词
专題(1) 名詞1.名词的单复数形式。
2.名词的所有格。
典型例題1.Are there any sheep on the farm.(单复同形:deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese) 2.A large number of trees are cut down every year.(比较a number of, the number of)3.The doctors in that hospital have to work two more hours after twelve o’clock. two more hours = another two hours4. Canadians speak French and English5. How many Japanese are there in your factory6. There are four people in my family7. Two cups of coffee, please.(three bags of applestwo pieces of news)8. The number of girl students in my class is 35.(man doctor—men doctors,woman teacher—women teachers)9. Race won the girls’100-meter race insports meeting10. You’d better have a few minutes’restnow11. The boys’team often help the girlswith their training12. This is our today’s homework, we mustfinish it on time13. All the food is ready now14. Don’t you think the news is importantfor you all.15. My mother with my brother has goneto Tibet.16. This pair of glasses is broken.17.Five kilometers is a long way for the children.(twenty days is not very long, I think.)18. A child asks all kinds of questionswhile he is growing up.19. Keep quiet if you make a lot of noiseyou may disturb others.20. I’m afraid there is no room for your petdog. .21. Lucy and Lily’s mother looks veryyoung and charming.22. David’s and Jack’s fathers are bothfamous lawyers.23. Does Mrs. Lee have an eight-year-oldboy?(the boy is eight years old.)24. The number of students in Class 5 is47.25. Is there plenty of milk for kids today?。
语法专题一:名词
语法专题一:名词名词是用来表示人名、地名、时间名称、事件名称及抽象概念的词。
一名词的种类1.专有名词:指人或物所特有的名字,通常是人名、地名、书报刊名、团体组织、机关名等。
China, London, Yao Ming , CCTV, Gone with the wind,the World Health Ognization2.普通名词:指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称。
⑴不可数名词不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
物质名词为water,rice,oil,paper等。
抽象名词如, honesty ,diligence, imagination, courage,pleasure,success等。
注意:①不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词,若加a/an则使之具体化了。
have a wonderful time,a surprise,asuccess,a failure,an honour②不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
③不可数名词一般无复数形式。
部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形式。
fishes各种各样的鱼newspepers各种报纸waters河湖,海水④有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体事物。
times 时代works 著作diffculties 困难的事⑤在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。
a cup of tea,two pieces of paper,a drop of water,some article of furniture⑵可数名词可数名词包括个体名词和集合名词。
个体名词有bird ,e-pal .novel, movie等;集合名词有;army, cattle, family, police, public, staff等。
二名词的数可数名词变为复数形式的规则1.规则变化⑴一般在词尾加-s :des k→________ bridge→_______⑵以-s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的加-es :glas s→________ brush→________ watch→________注意:stomach的复数形式直接加-s。
专题1 名词
专题一 名词
9.How sweetly she is singing! I love her voice very much. 10.Look at the sign ,please. You can park your car on either side of the street.
专题一 名词
专题一 名词
5.辨析 course 与 subject
辨析
意义及用法
course “课程”,可包括多门科目,后面一般接介词 in。
subject “科目;主题;课题”,指具体的学科。
专题一 名词
如:I'm taking a course in design. 我在上设计课程。 My favorite subject is math. 我最喜欢的学科是数学。
5.Could you please give me some useful advice on how to dance well?
6.How many oranges do you need to make the juice? 7.The Western people like eating food with knives and forks. But Chinese people are used to using chopsticks.
B exercise practice reason training course cause subject 11.Physics is Mike's favorite subject . 12.She is planning to take a computer course . 13.You can't do much in the art line without training . 14.How long do you do exercise every day to keep healthy?
专题一 名词
专题一名词一、名词的概念和功能:1.名词的概念:名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
2.名词的功能:名词在句中能作很多成分。
(1)作主语:The boys are talking happily.(2)作表语:This is my cat.(3)作宾语:She likes listening to music.(4)作宾语补足语:They choose the girl monitor.(5)作定语:名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。
在说明某职业性别时,修饰词man,woman随其被修饰词的单复数变化而变化。
paper bag、men doctors二、名词的分类:名词专有名词:表示个人、国家、团体、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称。
1.首字母大写;2.the+姓氏的复数,表示夫妻或一家人,谓语动词用复数。
个体名词:表示某类人或物中的个体。
集体名词:表示由若干个个体组成的集合体。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质。
抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。
三、名词的数:名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
具有可数性的名词叫可数名词,可数名词有单、复数形式,单数名词前通常用a/an;物质名词、抽象名词通常为泛指的物质或抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,为不可数名词,一般没有复数形式。
名词的数是指可数名词的单、复数形式。
表示一个人或一种事物用单数形式,表示一个以上的人或一种以上的事物用复数形式。
单词表中所列的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词。
可数名词变复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
可数名词有单数、复数之分,如:map→maps; onion→onions; baker→bakers等;不可数名词没有单复数形式,只有单数形式,如:some water; a lot of bread等。
1.单数单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a/an;而不可数名词前不能用a/an。
如:Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.We can’t see milk on the table.在表示特指时,不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。
英语语法专题一 名词
专题一 名词考点突破考点二 名词的数考点三 名词所有格考点一 名词词义辨析考点突破一、名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
具体情况见下表:类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy,China,the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People普通名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary,pencil,chair,win-dow,table,book,bike,ball,dog集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,police,class,group,team 物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice,glass,water,porridge,pa-per,air,wool,wheat,steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge,danger,health,love二、常考名词在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。
综合分析这几年的中考真题,总结出一些常考的名词。
具体如下:Aactivity活动 address地址 advertisement广告advantage优势 advice建议 attention注意athlete运动员Bbalance平衡 bottom底部 business商业,生意 Cchallenge挑战 chance机会 change变化collection收集物 contribution贡献 choice选择competition比赛;竞争 cause原因 custom风俗courage勇气Ddecision决定 design设计 difference不同discussion讨论 duty责任;义务 distance距离description描述 director导演;负责人direction说明;方向 Eeducation教育 effort努力 energy能量;精力experiment实验 expression表达 environment环境excuse借口 exhibition展览experience经验;经历explanation解释;说明Ffeeling感觉 fun乐趣Hhabit习惯 hobby业余爱好 honour荣誉I information信息 interest兴趣importance重要性 invention发明interview面试;访谈 influence影响(力) instruction说明;指示 invitation邀请M/Nmood心情 noise噪音Ooffer提议 opinion意见,看法opportunity机会 organization机构;组织Pprotection保护 praise表扬 patient病人progress进步 problem问题 promise承诺pride骄傲Rreason理由;原因 relation关系result结果report报告 res earch研究;调查Sservice服务 shape形状;外形 stranger陌生人sight视力;景象 style样式;款式 support支持success成功 suggestion建议 sense感觉T technology技术 tourist游客 tradition传统traffic车辆;交通 trouble困难Vvoice嗓音 volunteer志愿者 visitor游客value价值考点二 名词的数名词的数在英语中,普通名词按照其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词(一)名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时,多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词,有些直接加s,有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。
记法:规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f或fe,加-s之前先变ve;辅母+y在词尾,把y变i再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es请记好,hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚;英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数,是在中心名词后加-s。
2023年中考英语复习专题复习一名词+学案
专题复习一-------名词了解名词的含义和分类及用法名词的概念:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:door, apple, China, air等。
名词分为:______名词和______名词两大类。
普通名词又分为_______名词和_______名词两种。
考点一:不可数名词1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用,也没有_______形式。
常考的不可数名词有:news(新闻), information(信息), 建议________, 天气________, 家庭作业____________, 时间_______, 钱__________, 纸___________,音乐___________等。
2、不可数名词可以借助______来表示一定的数量。
但也可以用much(许多), some/any(一些), a little(一点点),little (几乎没有) plenty of(很多), a lot of(=lots of)(许多)等修饰不可数名词。
一则新闻:a piece of news ; 两瓶水:two bottles of water ;四条建议______________________ ; 六张纸_________________ ;你能借给我一些钱吗?Could you lend me__________________?【中考真题再现】( ) 1. All the _____ are made of ______ , not plastics.A. glass; glassB. glasses, glassC. glasses , glassesD. glass, glasses( ) 2. Jenny gave us ____ on how to improve English.A. some advicesB. many advicesC. some adviceD. an advice考点二:可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律1、一般直接加-s: 比如:girl---__________map---_________2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—es: 比如:bus—_______ brush---_______3、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i,再加—es: 比如:story---_______ baby---_______4、以--o结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化:①【口诀:黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。
2022高一英语语法专练:专题1 名词(学生版+解析版)
名词1. In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.A. presenceB. chargeC. controlD. absence2. Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.A. methodB. wayC. approachD. means3. The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.A. prospectB. promotionC. priorityD. privilege4. Seeing the happy ________ of children playing in the park, I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.A. sightB. viewC. signD. scene5. The police are offering a $ 60,000 _____ for information about the killer.A. priceB. prizeC. awardD. reward6. All around the world, we can see kids playing football to their hearts’ ______.A. contentB. pleasureC. satisfactoryD. attraction7. Robert appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak.Now she was Portia, a strong-willed ____in Shakespeare’s The Merchant o f Venice.A. memberB. actressC. playerD. character8. _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.A. SinceB. ForC. AsD. With9. Marathon is intended to put the athletes to a challenging test of and willpower.A. insistenceB. enduranceC. preservationD. bravery10. The captain and were accused of abandoning passengers in South Korea ferry disaster.A. membersB. crewC. partnersD. team11. Rafael Nadal is a tennis champion equipped with a big heart, to win and resolution to defeat all his opponents.A. persuasionB. determinationC. fascinationD. accumulation12. President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress andthe media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.A. departureB. benefitC. escapeD. lesson13. Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.A. topicB. shortcutC. cureD. recipe14. The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of stability.A. contentB. contestC. contextD. contact15. With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.A. approachB. accessC. attachmentD. appearance16. When you want to buy something, you need to take the price into ____________.A. decisionB. requirementC. considerationD. importance17. Marathon is intended to put the athletes to a challenging test of and willpower.A. insistenceB. enduranceC. preservationD. bravery18. The captain and were accused of abandoning passengers in South Korea ferry disaster.A. membersB. crewC. partnersD. team19. Rafael Nadal is a tennis champion equipped with a big heart, to win and resolution to defeat all his opponents.A. persuasionB. determinationC. fascinationD. accumulation20. Our natural ________ are limited. This means that they will not________forever.A. energies; occurB. materials ; eruptC. resources ; lastD. sources; bury名词1. In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.A. presenceB. chargeC. controlD. absence【答案解析】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
专题一名词一、可数名词Focus practice1.1-Are there any ___ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep1.2 A large number of ___ ___cut down.A. trees, isB. wood, isC. wood, areD. trees, are1.3 The doctor worked for ___ after twelve o’clock.A. two more hoursB. two another hourC. more two hoursD. another two hour1.4 My mother bought a new ____ for me.A. clothesB. coatC. glassesD. cloth1.5 Last night, there was a food accident. Ten ___ were ill, but no ____ were lost.A. childs, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life1.6(填空) More and more ___ (family) eat out on New Year’s Eve.1.7 I have two ___ in my pencil-box.A. knifeB. knifesC. knivesD. a knife1.8--- Is there any ___ on the table?----No, there isn’t.A. noodlesB. sugarC.dumplingsD. oranges1.9 You’re not a rich man or a famous person. But in my heart, you are one of the greatest ____ in theworld.A. businessmenB. manC. menD. person1.10 Canadians speak ____ and _____ .A. Italian, JapaneseB. English, ChineseC. German, RussianD. French, English1.11 ---Where do you come from?-----I come from ____. I’m an ____.A. Japan, JapaneseB. America, AmericanC. England, EnglishD. Australian, Australian1.12 How many____ are there in your factory?A. GermanB. JapaneseC. AustralianD. Englishmans1.13 There are three ____ in my family.A. peopleB. personC. peoplesD. childFocus Practice1. ----What do you have for breakfast?---- I often have ____ or ______.A. breads, noodlesB. bread, noodlesC. breads, noodleD. bread, noodle2. I have ____ to do this evening.A. a lot of worksB. many workC. a lot of workD. some works3.----Thanks for giving me _____ I wanted.------You’re welcome.A. the informationB. an informationC. the informationsD. information4.----What would you like to drink, girl?-----______, please.A. Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeesC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cup of coffees5. He had something to write down and asked me for ___.A. a paperB. some papersC. some pieces of papersD. a piece of paper6. I love the two ____ behind our house.A. apple treeB. apple treesC. apples treesD. apples tree7. There are two ____ in the city.A. car’s factoryB. car’s factoriesC. factories of car’sD. car factories8. There are more than 100 ___ and two ___ in our school.A. man teachers, schools shopsB. woman teachers, school shopsC. men teachers. school shopsD. womans teachers, schools shops9. Wu Peng won the girls ____ race in the school sports meeting last week.A,100 metres B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D.100-metreFocus practice1.Two bags are on the table. They are ____.A. the twins’B. the twin’sC. twinsD. twin’s2. Where are the _____ bags?A. children s’B. children’sC. children ofD. of children3. I want to find a shop which sells ___ only.A. men’s shoesB. men shoesC. man’s shoesD. the shoes of men4. It’s over ____ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A. three hours’ driveB. three hour’s driveC. three hours’ drivesD. three hours drive5._____ team in NO. 4 Middle School used to help ______ with their training.A. Boy’s, the girlsB. Boy’s, the girlC. The boy s’, the girlsD. The boy’s, the girl6. After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took ___ rest.A. a few minute’sB. a few minutes’C. a little minute’sD. a little minutes’7. ____ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Chengdu.A. Li Lei and Lucy’sB. Li Lei’s and Lucy’sC. Li Lei and LucyD. Li Lei’s and Lucy8. This is our ____. You must do it carefully.A. today homeworkB. today’s homeworkC. homework todayD. homework of today9. All the food ____ ready.A. isB. areC. beD. must10. I thought the news ____ important for us all.A. isB. wasC. areD.were11.This pair of glasses ____ broken.A. areB. isC. haveD. has12. Five kilometers _____ a long way for the children.A. isB. areC. haveD.has13. My mother with my two brothers ____ gone to Beijing. They’ll be back next week.A. isB. areC. hasD. have易混知识清单Focus practice1.My mother is the busiest in my _____.A. homeB. houseC. familyD. room2. A child asks all kinds of ____ while he is growing up.A. troublesB. mattersC. problemsD. questions3. Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of ___ , you may disturb others.A. voiceB. noiseC. soundD. singing4. What good ____!A. workB. jobC. idea5. My dream ___ is to be a pilot.A. workB. jobC. lifeD. future6. He asked me to wait for him because he had ____ to tell me.A. some informationB. some informationsC. many newsD. a few news7. I’m afraid that there is no ____ for you in my car, because there are already five people.A. landB. groundC. roomD. floor方法技巧清单Focus practice1.(填空) Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ___ (develop) of Shanghai after his long absence from thecity.2. ---where are you going?---I’m going to the ___ to fly a kite.A. shopB. libraryC. parkD. post office3. Now we have enough ___ to buy much nice ____.A. money, foodB. moneys, foodC. money, foodsD.moneys. foods4. (填空) Today is September 10th. It’s ___ (teacher) Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.5. If you see the sign ___ in a public place, you mustn’t smoke.6. I am very hungry. May I have some ___ ?A juice B. milk C. bread D. vegetables7. ---- What day is March 8th?-----______.A. Women’s DayB. Teacher’s DayC. Teacher s’ DayD. Children’s Day8. Look at the four signs below. They are traffic signs except ___.9.Which of the following weather signs means “windy”?易错题型清单Focus practice1.SARS (非典) is a new kind of ___ in the world today.A. cancerB. medicineC. coughD. disease2. The old woman wanted ____.A. seven boxes of matchesB. seven boxes of matchsC. seven boxes of matchD. seven boxes of matches3. The factory makes ____.A. good trainB. good trainesC. goods trainsD. goods train4. Edison was one of the greatest ___ in the world.A. scienceB. scientistC. scientistsD. sciences5. What _____!A. bad dayB. bad weatherC. a bad weatherD. bad weathers1. -f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式勇敢的妻子(wife)亲自(oneself)拿刀(knife)把狼(wolf)赶走,救回小牛(calf)半(half)条命(life),又把躲在葡萄架(shelf)下树叶(leaf)中的小偷(thief)抓到。