[精品]2017年月答案
公文写作与处理(00341)2017年10月真题试卷及答案解析_1
公文写作与处理（00341）2017 年10 月真题试卷及答案解析1、下列文种中，属党政机关使用的法定文种是( )A、计划B、总结C、章程D、通知试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：通知，是运用广泛的知照性公文。
用来发布法规、规章，转发上级机关、同级机关和不相隶属机关的公文，批转下级机关的公文，要求下级机关办理某项事务等。
是指用文字和指标等形式所表述的组织以及组织内不同部门和不同成员，在未来一定时期内关于行动方向、内容和方式安排的管理文件。
总结是指社会团体、企业单位和个人在自身的某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价，从而肯定成绩，得到经验，找出差距，得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料。
章程，是组织、社团经特定的程序制定的关于组织规程和办事规则的规范性文书，是一种根本性的规章制度。
只有通知是属于党政机关使用的法定文种。
2、据徐望之《公牍通论》所计，中国封建社会的公文文种有( )A、20 余种B、30 余种C、40 余种D、60 余种试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：据徐望之《公牍通论》所计，中国封建社会的公文文种有 60 余种。
3、公文写作在文字表达方面的要求是指( )A、结构严谨B、语言精当C、格式规范D、表述稳妥试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：公文写作在文字表达方面的要求是指语言精当，善用惯用语、缩略语等。
4、公文的主旨体现的是( )A、机关领导意图和发文目的B、领导个人意图和发文目的C、公文拟定人员的意图D、上级领导机关的意图试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：公文时在机关公务活动中形成的，是各级机关与组织行使法定职权、实施有效管理的重要工具，具有很强的现实效用。
公文的主旨体现在机关领导意图和发文目的。
5、在革命战争年代，强调党的领导干部在向中央写报告时，必须“自己动手，不要秘书代劳”的领导人是( )A、周恩来B、朱德C、邓小平D、毛泽东试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：在革命战争年代，强调党的领导干部在向中央写报告时，必须“自己动手，不要秘书代劳”的领导人是毛泽东。
2017年12月英语六级真题答案及解析(卷一)
2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第1套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇语句点评类作文，话题respect（尊重）是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。
题目要求针对引言“尊重他人，你也会受到尊重”给出自己的论点和论据。
考生写作时首先需要解释引言，之后将写作重点放在阐述尊重他人的重要性上。
众所周知，每个人都希望被尊重，而尊重他人会给他人以信心，也有益于培养人际关系。
此外，尊重他人也体现了一个人的高素质。
高分范文：On RespectAs human beings,we all crave the respect of others,which is coded into our DNA.If you show your respect for others, you are more likely to gain their respect.Just as the saying goes,“Respect others,and you will be respected”.It indicates the great significance of respecting others in our daily life.First and foremost,respecting others gives them confidence and encouragement,especially those who are not as good as you.Your respect can help them become upbeat and active,and even enhance their self-assurance.In addition,polite words help improve your interpersonal relationships to a large extent.As mentioned above,if your respect proves to be effective,people will show their respect for you,too,and it will benefit your social st but not least,respecting others is a symbol of high quality,which shows one’s good upbringing.Taking what has been discussed into consideration,it’s indisputable that all people are fond of being respected.It is so important for us to show our respect for others.Only in this way,can we earn the respect of others.全文翻译：作为人类，我们每个人都渴望得到他人的尊重,这是由我们的基因决定的。
2017年[浙江[卷]和详解答案解析]
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2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（浙江卷）一、语言文字运用（共20分）1.下列各句中，没有错別字且加点字的注音全都正确的一项是(3分）A.风靡．（mí）各大城市的共享单车给大众出行带来了便利，但乱停乱放，妨碍交通，成为城市“烂疮．（chuāng）疤”，则与共享的初衷背道而驰。
B.某某快递公司陷入“自噬．（shì）”困境，背后是快速扩张带来的后遗症；加盟模式曾是其业绩突飞猛进的密诀，但也是动摇其大厦基石的蚁穴．（xué）。
C.近日，《我是范雨素》—文在网上刷屏，开篇一句“我的生命是一本不忍卒．（zú）读的书，命运把我装钉得极为拙劣”，便让很多人不禁．（jìn）潸然泪下。
D.作为一部主旋律片，《湄公河行动》真实再现了那场发生在金三角的缉．（jī）毒战役，片中抓捕过程之惊险，战斗场面之惨烈，令人咋．（zé）舌。
1.答案：D。
A项，风靡（mǐ）;B项，“密诀”应为“秘诀”；C项，“装钉”应为“装订”，不禁．jīn.阅读下面的文宇,完成2 —3题。
有人曾将人工智能与人类之间存在的微妙关系，称为“智慧争夺战”。
[甲]也是在这个意义上，欧洲开启．．了“人脑项目”，集神经科学、医学和计算机等多领域为一体，试图从科学高地上把握技术。
这种“智慧竞争”不只是人类脑科学研究的自我赶超，更包括心理与情绪在内的自我认知。
让这场智能革命惠及所有的人群，使得人人可以享受智能的红利，这是时代付与．．我们的使命。
[乙]不管．．达到临界值,超过人类智能总和的“奇点时刻”能否到来，我们都应当从智慧的延伸中，努力升华那独一无二．．．．的想象与思考，理性与善良。
[丙]这或许才是人类认识自己、激发潜力的关鍵所在。
2.文段中加点的词，运用不正确．．．的一项是（3分）A.开启B.付与C.不管D.独一无二2.答案：B。
“付与”应是“赋予”。
3.文段中划线的甲、乙、丙句,标点有误的一项是(2分）A.甲B.乙C.丙3.答案：B。
高级英语2017年10月真题试题及答案解析(00600)_1
D、reasonable
试题答案：[['D']]
试题解析：reasonable 意为“通情达理的, 合理的”。
6、While negotiating, one must bear in mind that a trade war is not a war in the ( ) sense.
as a language in and of itself. He believed that the local or "real" color of an object does not necessarily express the artists;experience. Artists, according to van Gogh, should seek to paint things not as they are, but as the artists feel them. In Public Garden at Arles, the colors of the pathway, the trees, and the sky are all far more intense and pure than the garden's real colors. Thus, van Gogh captures the whole experience of walking alone in the stillness of a hot afternoon.
A、Ignorant
B、superstitious C、Innocent
D、distrustful
试题答案：[['B']]
试题解析：superstitious 意为“迷信的”。
英语六级真题及答案17年12月3
2017年12月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ WritingBe Generous with Your HelpWhen it comes to the topic of help, we are frequently told that,"Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. '' Simple as the sa ying is, it implies the importance of helping others in need. What I learn from the remark, in short words, is that helping others is helping yourself. Examples can easily be found to make this point clearer. The story of the ant and the dove is a case in point. An ant slipped into the river when drinking alo ng the river. A dove heard his cries for help and threw him a leaf, which helpe d the ant float back to the bank. After a few days, a hunter was raising his g un to the dove as she was building her nest. Seeing this, the ant ran quickly t o bite the hunter's leg. The dove heard the hunter's scream and flew away. All in all, this example indicates that when we offer our help to others, we are leaving a way open for the future. Helping others is a virtue, and we should take some measures to carry forward this virtue and do others a favor. Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样。
日语教程2017年04月真题及答案解析(00840)(全国)_1
日语教程 2017 年 04 月真题及答案解析(00840)（全国）1、（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）问题内容：试题答案：试题解析：1、（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）问题内容：试题答案：试题解析：1、（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）（6）（7）（8）（9）（10）（11）（12）（13）（14）（15）（16）（17）（18）（19）（20）问题内容：试题答案：试题解析：1、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['A']] 试题解析：2、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']] 试题解析：3、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['A']] 试题解析：4、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['C']] 试题解析：5、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['A']] 试题解析：6、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['C']] 试题解析：7、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：8、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['D']] 试题解析：9、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['A']] 试题解析：10、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['C']] 试题解析：11、A、B、C、试题答案：[['B']] 试题解析：12、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['D']] 试题解析：13、A、B、D、试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：14、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：这条裙子由于太长了，把它稍微改短一些。
形容词修饰动词，词尾变为。
15、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['D']] 试题解析：16、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']] 试题解析：17、C、B、C、D、试题答案：[['C']] 试题解析：18、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']] 试题解析：19、A、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['D']] 试题解析：20、A、B、C、D、试题答案：[['B']] 试题解析：1、（1）她简直就像孩子一样。
2017年4月15日托福考试答案解析
2017年4月15日托福考试答案解析推荐文章2017年4.23托福考试真题解析热度：2017年4.1托福考试真题解析热度：天的英文是什么解析热度：悲愤的近义词_反义词_同义词_字词解析热度：打击的同义词_近义词_反义词_字词解析热度：在2017年4月15日的托福考试中，出现了不少新题和旧题。
下面就是店铺给大家整理的2017年4月15日托福考试答案解析，希望对你有用!4月15日托福口语真题Task 1Which of the following areas of current events do you most like to read?PoliticsSportsArts and filmsTask 2Some students prefer to study for exam in the night other students prefer to study in the day, which do you prefer, explain why.Task 3阅读标题：Cancel the science class requirement原因1：no need for non-science students to take science class原因2：too difficult for science students to register 听力态度：反对原因1：University should hire more instructors of science class and should add more science classes原因2：Taking science class may have unexpectedconnection to other subjects for example she produced flower paintings by observing flowers in science labTask 4阅读标题：Real-time marketing定义：real-time marketing是将最近流行的和大家关注的植入广告听力例子：Real-time marketing, the professor give example of a shampoo, in a fashion show, some celebrities have nice hairstyle, the shampoo company can use this hair style to demonstrate that which products of the company has been used to make this hair Task 5问题：the female students needs help to move out her apartment on Sundays, and the male students forgot this and made other appointment with other friends to art museum.解决方案1：she asked others to help her.优点1：the boy can go to the exhibit.缺点1：she may not find someone to help解决方案2：the male students can cancel the appointment of the art exhibit and give the ticket to other people.优点2：make sure she has someone to help缺点2：the boy wastes his ticket.Task 6话题：The professor give examples of how plants control their growth.要点1：The first is the plants grow too crowded and become compete.例子1：要点2：The second is the environment control, the example is the flood, and the water grows regularly to cover the roots ofplant to control their growth.4月15日托福听力真题Conversation 1话题分类：学生和老师内容回忆：学生和老师谈论fairy tales,有formulate,比如hero, magical characters and happy ending!学生说按照公式写作的话大家都一样，老师说details可以不一样，比如magical helper可以是人也可以是动物，时间上可以是past, present也可以是future Conversation 2话题分类：学生和辅导员内容回忆：学生去找advisor抱怨她没有做好最近一个architecture的project,她说觉得这个专业很难，她自己比较有兴趣的是environment,于是advisor建议她去参加summer program补习一下，但是学生说她暑假有别的事情要做，怕来不及报名，然后advisor又说现在学校要开设landscape architecture，这是跟environment有关的，学生很开心，说要换专业。
计算机应用基础2017年4月真题试题与答案解析(00018)_1
计算机应用基础 2017 年 4 月真题试题与答案解析（00018）1、下列属于计算机输入设备的是A、3D 打印机B、显示器C、音响D、扫描仪试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：计算机常用的输入设备有：(1)键盘。
(2)鼠标。
(3)扫描仪。
(4)麦克风。
(5)摄像头。
(6)触摸屏2、在微型计算机的主要性能指标中，字长是指A、CPU 一次能够处理的二进制数据位数B、16 位二进制长度C、主板的总线数D、存储器的速度试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：字长是 CPU 一次能并行处理二进制数的位数，字长越长，CPU 的处理数据能力越强。
3、某单位的人事管理软件属于A、应用软件B、系统软件C、工具软件D、检索软件试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：应用软件泛指那些专门用于解决各种具体应用问题的软件或程序。
人事管理软件、财务管理软件、酒店客房管理软件等均属于应用软件。
4、计算机能直接识别和执行的语言是A、机器语言B、高级语言C、汇编语言D、脚本语言试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：机器语言能由计算机直接识别和执行，是最底层的程序设计语言，工作效率很高，能够直接驱动硬件工作，但记忆和运用都比较困难，语句全部由二进制符号 1 和 0 组成，只能适用于简单的操控。
5、汉字在计算机内部的表示，一般采用A、国标码B、机内码C、字形码D、区位码试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：汉字要在计算机中处理和存储，必须要变成由 0 和1 组成的二进制码的形式，这就是汉字的机内码，简称内码。
6、以下可用来连接移动硬盘的接口是A、LPTB、USBC、VGAD、PS/2试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：USB 接口是一个外部总线标准，用于规范计算机与外部设备的连接和通信。
目前几乎所有的外围设备都支持 USB 接口，如移动硬盘，Mp3，打印机，鼠标等。
2017年12月英语四级真题答案与解析(第二套)
2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第2 套）Part I Writing审题思路：此次话题师生关系贴近学生生活，因此写起来并不难。
简单开篇之后，考生应该将重点放在第二段，给出处理好师生关系的一些建议。
当然，这个话题还可以从不同的角度入手，比如老师应该如何做，或者师生共同努力，等等。
考生应结合自己的实际情况，从自己最擅长的角度写，这样容易做到言之有物。
本文仅从学生角度给出了三条处理好师生关系的建议。
高分范文：Teacher-student Relationship Is Never ComplexThe relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective.First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher after.To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher.全文翻译：师生关系并不复杂由于人们对教育越来越关注，师生关系近几年来中国引起热议。
2017年十二月第一版本土卷精编版道德与法治七年级下册参考答案
2017年十二月第一版本土卷精编版道德与法治七年级下册参考答案1、（）是人类道德起源的第一个历史前提。
[单选题] *A、思维B、劳动(正确答案)C、经济D、婚姻2、（）这一论断，为人们认识人生、形成正确的人生观提供了科学的方法论。
[单选题] *A.社会存在决定社会意识B.人之初性本善C. 人是一切社会关系的总和(正确答案)D. 人的发展是与社会生产发展相一致的3、法治思维是指以法治价值和法治精神为导向，运用（）思考和处理问题的思维模式。
*A、法律原则(正确答案)B、法律规则(正确答案)C、法律方法(正确答案)D、法律意识4、【单选题】（）是以尊老爱幼、男女平等、夫妻和睦、勤俭持家、邻里团结为主要内容，在维系和谐美满的婚姻家庭关系中具有重要而独特的功能。
[单选题] *A 家庭美德(正确答案)B 恋爱道德C 职业道德D 工匠精神5、【单选题】千千万万个（）是国家发展、民族进步、社会和谐的重要基点，是人们梦想启航的地方。
[单选题] *A 、家长、B 家教C、家风D 、家庭(正确答案)6、在发展中国特色社会主义过程中，法治和德治的关系表述正确的是[单选题] *法治比德治更重要德治比法治更重要法治是德治的前提法治和德治相互联系、相辅相成、相互促进(正确答案)7、【单选题】法律所体现的统治阶级意志，并不是统治阶级意志的全部，仅仅是上升为（）的那部分意志。
[单选题] *A.全民意志B.国家意志(正确答案)C.党的意志D.工人阶级意志8、19．立明同学生性顽皮,又非常任性、自私,自己的东西从不借与他人。
升入七年级后,在一个新的环境中,在老师的教育和同学们的感染下,他逐渐改正了以上缺点。
这说明（）[单选题] *A．集体生活能够涵养我们的品格(正确答案)B．集体生活能够满足我们所有的要求C．小学时的生活环境对我们的成长不利D．进入初中后,每个人都能自然地转变成好学生9、12．中国女足在主场落后两球的情形下，顽强拼搏，加强队友间的配合，以4比3逆转韩国，晋级东京奥运会。
2017年语文真题及解析_新课标③语文高考试题答案
绝密★启用前
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
语文试题正式答案
一、现代文阅读
（一）1.C 2.C 3.B
（二）4.B
5. ①裁缝作为辛苦的谋生行当，看起来与其他行当一样；②但在做裁缝的过
程中，对生活有了难忘的经验和体会，不由得对这一行当产生了特殊感情，
感到它有独特意义。
6. ①语言生活化、口语化，亲切自然；②人物对话有地域特点，鲜活真实；
③整体上形成了明快风趣的语言风格，率真不做作。
（三）7. B 8.BC
9. ①依托藏品开展的科研活动能够产出丰富的科研成果；②博物馆可以整合
一个地区的科研力量，培养出科研团队。
二、古代诗文阅读
（一）10.D 11.C 12.A
13.（1）许将说：“这件事，指示边地官员办理不就行了，要派使者做什么呢？”
萧禧羞惭不能回答。
（2）章惇担任宰相，与蔡卞一起恣意罗织诬陷，贬斥元祐旧臣，奏请开挖司马光坟墓。
（二）
14.C D
15. ①诗人戏谑友人，夸耀自己，通过诙谐的态度表现出对文学成就的自得；②诗歌并非全是戏言，也透露出一丝对自己现实境况的无奈与自嘲。
学#科网
（三）
16.（1）积善成德而神明自得圣心备焉
（2）俄顷风定云墨色秋天漠漠向昏黑
三、语言文字运用
17.D 18.A 19.C
20.示例：
①在时间上有很强的互补性
②冬季阳光强度小而风大
③晴朗的白天由太阳能发点装置发电
21.示例：
②限制燃放烟花爆竹并不一定能避免火灾的发生。
③不是限制燃放烟花爆竹就能避免环境污染。
四、写作
22.
答案略。
2017年6月英语六级第二套及答案解析
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.2. A) 31%. B) 20%. C)25%. D) 73%.3. A) Those of a small size. B) Those run by women.C)Those that are well managed. D) Those full of skilled workers.4. A) They can hop from job to job easily.B) They can win recognition of their work.C)They can better balance work and life.D) They can take on more than one job.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It is a book of European history. B) It is an introduction to music.C)It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a collection of photos.6. A) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.B) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.C) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.D) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.7. A) The entire European coastline will be submerged.B)The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.C)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.8. A) Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.B)People cannot get around without using boats.C)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.D)Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They make careful preparation beforehand.B) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.C) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.D) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.10. A) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.C)Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.D)Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.11. A) Anticipate possible problems.B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.C) Picture themselves succeeding.D) Try to appear more professional.12. A) She wore a designer dress. B) She won her first jury trial.C)She did not speak loud enough. D) She presented moving pictures.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. A) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.B)Its health benefits have been overestimated.C)It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.D)It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.14. A) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.B)It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.C)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.D)It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.15. A) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.B)Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.C)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.D)Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Observing the changes in marketing.B) Conducting research on consumer behavior.C)Studying the hazards of young people drinking.D) Investigating the impact of media on government.17. A) It is the cause of many street riots.B) It is getting worse year by year.C)It is a chief concern of parents.D) It is an act of socialising.18. A) They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior.B)They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.C)They analysed their family budgets over the years.D)They conducted a thorough research on advertising.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.B)It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.C)It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.D)It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C)Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.D)Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.21. A) There was no food service on the train.B) The service on the train was not good.C)The restaurant car accepted cash only.D) The cash in her handbag was missing.22. A) By putting money into envelopes.B)By drawing money week by week.C)By limiting their day-to-day spending.D)By refusing to buy anything on credit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Population explosion.B)Chronic hunger.C)Extinction of rare species.D)Environmental deterioration.24. A) They contribute to overpopulation.B)About half of them are unintended.C)They have been brought under control.D)The majority of them tend to end halfway.25. A) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.B)It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.C)It is neglected in many of the developing countries.D)It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no __26__ gains in suchmental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to __27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen __28__ in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain __29__ that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning __30__” such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global __33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education---and come out better thinkers.A) accurately B) confirm C) demanding D) doubtful E) drasticallyF) justify G) monopolized H) outcome I) predominance J) presumingK) reputation L) significant M) signify N) simultaneously O) standardizedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon[A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.[B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.[C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in newproduction capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields---which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost----are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.[D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale(页岩) oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.[E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over- supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.[F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal(地热). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.[G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.[H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.[I] The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very longtime, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.[J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nino(厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.[K] Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover, non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine the political will of participating countries to act.[L] The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes. In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.[M] Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.[N] Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral(附带的) costs.[O] The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure to address comprehensively theproblem of greenhouse gas emissions, however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable risks.36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today’s world.43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to develop renewable energies.44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose endless risks for mankind.45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of climate change.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects---but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientificcommunity is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic(利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers一those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.46. What do many researchers generally accept?A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.B)Repositories are essential to scientific research.C)Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D)Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A) Opposed. B) Ambiguous. C) Liberal. D) Neutral.48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A) The fear of massive copying.B)The lack of a research culture.C)The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D)The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A)The ever-growing demand for big data.B) The advancement of digital technology.C)The changing attitude of journals and funders.D) The trend of social and economic development.50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A)is becoming increasingly popularB) benefits sharers and users alikeC)makes researchers successfulD)saves both money and laborPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls(短缺) in cold-weather goods,” said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A)It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B)It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C)It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D)It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?A) They can be solved with better management.B) They cannot be attributed to weather only.C) They are not as serious in its online stores.D) They call for increased investments.53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to ________.A) cut the salary of senior executivesB) relocate some of its chain storesC) adjust its promotion strategiesD) reduce the size of its staff54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?A) To experiment on its new business concept. B) To focus more on beauty products than clothing.C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season?A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.B)Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.C)It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.D)It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。
17年4月儿童文学概论答案
17年4月儿童文学概论答案2017年儿童文学概论真题精选[单项选择题]1、儿童文学既然是文学，它除了认识、教育、审美的价值外，（）的价值也是不可或缺的。
A.欣赏B.娱乐C.思想D.智力参考答案：B[单项选择题]2、童话中的常人体形象，如（）。
A.《稻草人》中的稻草人B.《白雪公主》中的魔镜C.《渔夫和金鱼的故事》中的金鱼D.《宝葫芦的秘密》中的王葆参考答案：D[单项选择题]3、其作品真正体现了从民间童话到文学童话演进过程的作者是（）。
A.夏尔·贝洛B.格林兄弟C.安徒生参考答案：A[单项选择题]4、下列故事中，属于中国古代神话的是（）。
A.草船借箭B.夸父追日C.守株待兔D.画蛇添足参考答案：B[单项选择题]5、中国的寓言到了明代进入一个黄金时期，其典范之作是（）。
A.《叶公好龙》B.《唇亡齿寒》C.《中山狼传》D.《笑林》参考答案：C[单项选择题]6、体现成人对于儿童的眼光，充满“亲切温馨”或“端庄深邃”的艺术氛围的儿童文学作品，呈示的是儿童文学的（）。
A.自然母题B.成长母题C.爱的母题参考答案：C[单项选择题]7、英语世界的童话作家中，创造玩具熊“温尼·普”形象的是（）。
A.休·洛夫廷B.詹姆斯·马秋·巴里C.沃尔特·伊利亚斯·迪斯尼D.A·A·米尔恩参考答案：D[单项选择题]8、深受小读者喜爱的冰心的《寄小读者》写于（）。
A.1917-1920年间B.1920-1923年间C.1923-1926年间D.1926-1929年间参考答案：C[单项选择题]9、创作了洋洋五大卷体现了现代教育思想的儿童诗作者是（）。
A.高士其B.陈伯吹C.陶行知D.严文井参考答案：C[单项选择题]10、《小布头奇遇记》的作者也是中国首位获得国际安徒生文学奖提名奖的作家，他是（）。
A.孙幼军B.郑渊洁C.洪汛涛D.葛翠琳参考答案：A[单项选择题]11、我国现代儿童歌舞剧的开创者是（）。
现代语言学2017年4月真题试题与答案解析(00830)_1
试题答案：[['B']]
试题解析：In generally, children’s two-word stage begins roughly in the second half of the second year.
1、Sdescriptions are often thought of as being descriptions of a language as it exists at the present day and most linguistic studies are of this type.
2 、 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as tone.
7、The following topics fall into the scope of historical linguistics EXCEPT.
A、sound change
B、morphological change C、syntactic change
D、register varieties
A、one B、two
C、three D、four
试题答案：[['C']]
试题解析：The word “under-develop-ed” contains three morphemes.
4、In the X-bar theory, the complement in the phrase “regularly check his E-mail box” is .
2017年全国卷试题答案
2017年全国卷试题答案
一、选择题
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
二、填空题
6. 根据题目所给信息，填写正确的答案。
7. 根据题目要求，填写相应的数值或公式。
三、简答题
8. 请简述题目中所涉及的概念，并给出具体的例子。
9. 根据题目要求，列出三个关键点，并进行简要解释。
四、计算题
10. 根据题目所给数据，列出计算步骤，并得出最终结果。
11. 利用相关公式进行计算，注意保留必要的计算过程。
五、论述题
12. 针对题目提出的问题，首先明确观点，然后提供论据支持，并给出合理的结论。
13. 分析题目中的现象或问题，从不同角度进行探讨，并提出自己的见解。
六、案例分析题
14. 阅读题目中的案例，结合相关知识点，分析案例中的关键问题，并给出解决方案。
15. 根据案例背景，提出自己的见解，并结合实际情况给出建议。
七、作文题
16. 根据题目要求，选择一个角度进行写作，注意文章结构清晰，论点明确，论据充分。
17. 选择一个社会现象或问题，进行深入分析，并提出自己的见解和解决方案。
注意事项：
- 所有答案需根据题目要求进行作答，不得抄袭或套用他人答案。
- 请保持答题卡整洁，字迹清晰，便于阅卷老师阅读。
- 请在规定时间内完成所有题目，合理安排时间，避免因时间紧张而影响答题质量。
祝考试顺利！
请根据实际的试题内容和要求，对上述模板进行相应的调整和补充。
2017年12月四级真题答案及解析(第一套完整版)
Part IWritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.题目解析：一、审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。
读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。
本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。
接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。
读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。
二、谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。
三、框架：全文分为三个段落。
第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。
四、填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。
写作范文：On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients In the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as a major reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANew report 11.答案: B) Her little brother.Q: Who did Edison raise money for?解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。
2017年专利法真题及精品解析
2017年专利法真题及精品解析1. 下列哪个机关依法具有处理侵犯专利权纠纷的职能？A.省、自治区、直辖市人民政府设立的管理专利工作的部门B.县人民政府设立的管理专利工作的部门C.设区的市人民政府D.国家知识产权局习题解析正确答案：A【2018更新】【考查知识点】专利法行政管理部门及职责【解题思路与方法分析】专利法第三条第一款规定，国务院专利行政部门负责管理全国的专利工作；统一受理和审查专利申请，依法授予专利权。
专利法第三条第二款规定，省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理专利工作的部门负责本行政区域内的专利管理工作。
依法处理侵犯专利去是一种行政职能，根据专利法的规定，只有“省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理专利工作的部门”才具有该项职能。
因此只有选项A正确，符合题意，当选。
通常，县级人民政府设立的管理专利工作的部门，选项B不正确，不符合题意，不当选。
设区的市人民政府是该市最高权力机关，没有法律的授权，也不具有对专利纠纷的行政处罚权和行政管理权，因此选项C不正确，不符合题意，不当选。
国家知识产权局负责管理全国的专利工作，但不具有依法处理侵犯专利权纠纷的职能，其对省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理专利工作的部门具有行政指导职责，因此选项D不正确，不符合题意，不当选。
综上，本题正确答案为：A【习题精讲】地方各级政府都设有众多的工作部门，用来履行相应的行政监管职责。
与专利有关的事项，虽然是由管理专利工作的部门来处理。
专利案件比较复杂，有权处理的地方行政部门为省级和地级市一级。
国家知识产权局作为国家级的专利行政管理部门，一般不直接处理具体的专利侵权案件。
【相关法条】《专利法》第3条：国务院专利行政部门负责管理全国的专利工作；统一受理和审查专利申请，依法授予专利权。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理专利工作的部门负责本行政区域内的专利管理工作。
【参考答案】A【考点】中国专利制度行政与司法机构2. 2015年11月10日，张某与甲电子技术公司终止了劳动合同，之后，张某于2016年12月8日作出了一项与其在甲电子技术公司的本职工作相关的发明创造。
中国古代文学作品选(一)2017年10月真题试题及答案解析(00532)_1
中国古代文学作品选(一)2017 年10 月真题试题及答案解析（00532）1、名句“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。
今我来思，雨雪霏霏”出自《诗经》中的()A、《氓》B、《采薇》C、《蒹葭》D、《生民》试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。
今我来思，雨雪霏霏”出自《诗经·小雅·采薇》。
2、《邵公谏厉王弭谤》选自()A、《左传》B、《国语》C、《战国策》D、《公羊传》试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：《邵公谏厉王弭谤》选自《国语》。
3、“揠茁助长”的故事出自()A、《孟子》B、《墨子》C、《老予》D、《庄子》试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：“揠茁助长”出自《孟子·公孙丑上》。
4、提出“兼爱”、“非攻”主张的是()A、孔子B、孟子C、墨子D、庄子试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：“兼爱”、“非攻”是墨子的核心思想。
5、《湘夫人》选自()A、《九章》B、《九辩》C、《九歌》D、《九叹》试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：《湘夫人》选自屈原的《楚辞·九歌》。
6、提出“屈原流放江南有两个段落”观点的人是()A、刘向B、王逸C、朱熹D、蒋骥试题答案：[['D']]试题解析：清代蒋骥在《山带阁注楚辞》中提出，屈原流放江南有两个段落，第一段是离开郢都，到达陵阳。
7、《谏逐客书》：“今乃弃黔首以资敌国”，其中“黔首”的意思是()A、贵州的首领B、西南地名C、平民D、贵族试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：“黔首”是秦国对平民的称谓。
8、《史记》中的“世家”一共有()A、二十篇B、三十篇C、四十篇D、五十篇试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史，全书共一百三十篇，包括十二本纪、十表、八书、三十世家、七十列传。
9、向汉景帝说“李广才气，天下无双”的人是()A、程不识B、李蔡C、公孙昆邪D、霸陵尉试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：典属国公孙昆邪为上泣曰：“李广才气，天下无双”。
2017语文参考答案
2017语文参考答案2017年语文参考答案是许多学生和家长关注的热点话题。
每年的高考都是学生们努力学习的结果的一次检验，而语文科目作为高考的重要一环，更是备受关注。
然而，对于2017年语文参考答案的讨论，我们应该从更深层次的角度来看待。
首先，我们要明确一点，参考答案只是参考，而不是绝对的标准答案。
语文这门学科是一门艺术性很强的学科，注重学生的思维能力和表达能力。
因此，参考答案只是给出了一种可能的解题思路和方法，而不是唯一的正确答案。
每个学生在解题过程中都有自己的思考方式和表达方式，只要能够合理解题并清晰表达，都是可以得到分数的。
其次，我们要认识到语文学科的核心在于培养学生的语言能力和思维能力。
语言是人类交流的工具，而思维则是人类思考的方式。
语文学科通过对文学作品的学习和阅读，培养学生的语言表达能力和思维逻辑能力。
因此，我们在学习语文的过程中，不应该过分关注参考答案的得失，而是要注重培养自己的思维能力和表达能力。
只有这样，才能真正掌握语文这门学科。
另外，我们还要重视语文学科的综合性。
语文学科不仅仅是对文学作品的理解和解读，还包括对语言文字的运用和修辞技巧的掌握。
在解答题目时，我们不仅要注意文意的理解，还要注重语言的准确性和表达的流畅性。
同时，我们还要注意修辞手法的运用，使文章更加生动有趣。
因此，在备考过程中，我们应该注重综合能力的培养，而不仅仅是死记硬背参考答案。
最后，我们要认识到语文学科的价值。
语文是一门传承千年的学科，它不仅仅是为了应对高考而学习的，更是为了培养学生的人文素养和思辨能力。
通过学习语文，我们可以了解到古代文化的精髓，感受到文学艺术的魅力。
同时，语文还能够培养学生的思辨能力和创新能力，使他们能够在未来的社会中脱颖而出。
因此，我们要正确对待语文学科，不仅仅是为了应对考试，更是为了自身的全面发展。
总之，2017年语文参考答案只是参考，不是绝对的标准答案。
我们要注重培养自己的思维能力和表达能力，重视语文学科的综合性，认识到语文学科的价值。
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全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试市场营销学试题课程代码：00058一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．在充分需求的情况下，市场营销管理的任务是（ C ）A．改变市场营销B．刺激市场营销C．维持市场营销D．协调市场营销2．企业在制定营销政策时，要统筹兼顾三方面的利益，即企业利润、消费者需要的满足和社会利益，这种营销管理哲学是（ B ）A．推销观念B．社会市场营销观念C．生产观念D．市场营销观念3．密集增长战略有三种形式，在新市场上扩大现有产品销售的战略为（ B ）A．市场渗透B．市场开发C．产品开发D．多元化经营4．某酒类生产企业决定将其新业务扩展到汽车生产领域，这种多元化增长方式是（ C ）A．同心多元化B．水平多元化C．集团多元化D．垂直多元化5．市场营销信息系统由四个子系统构成，其中承担“搜集、评估、传递管理人员制定决策所必须的各种信息”的子系统是（ B ）A．内部报告系统B．市场营销调研系统C．市场营销分析系统D．市场营销情报系统6．产品销售时间序列一般由四个要素构成。
其中由于自然灾害、战争恐慌和其他一些因素的干扰，造成产品销售时间序列的非正常波动，指的是（ D ）A．趋势B．周期C．季节D．不确定事件7．银行属于市场营销中介中的（ D ）A．供应商B．商人中间商C．代理中间商D．辅助商8．旅游业、体育运动行业、图书出版业及文化娱乐业为争夺消费者在一年内的支出而相互竞争，它们彼此之间的关系是（ C ）A．愿望竞争者B．一般竞争者C．产品形式竞争者D．品牌竞争者9．与那些强制并影响社会各种组织和个人的法律一起构成政治和法律环境的是（ C ）A．政府机构B．政府官员C．政府机构和压力集团D．政府官员中的压力集团10．马斯洛的需求层次理论中，最低层次的需求是（ A ）A．生理需求B．安全需求C．社会需求D．自尊需求11．同消费者市场购买行为相比，下列属于组织市场购买行为特点的是（ A ）A．派生需求B．需求弹性大C．需求量小D．需求不稳定12．市场主导者在保护市场占有率时，有6种防御战略可供其选择。
其中一种战略是在竞争者尚未进攻之前先主动攻击，采取“先发制人”的手段，这种战略是（ C ）A．阵地防御B．侧翼防御C．以攻为守D．反击防御13．市场挑战者集中优势力量攻击对手的弱点，佯攻正面实攻背面的策略指的是（ B ）A．正面进攻B．侧翼进攻C．包围进攻 D.迂回进攻14．市场细分中，按照消费者的生活方式、个性等心理变量来细分市场，这种细分指的是（ C ）A．地理细分B．人口细分C．心理细分D．行为细分15．某企业推出酒味浓醇、苦味较重的啤酒，用来满足那些喜欢又浓又苦的啤酒消费者的需要，这种市场定位属于（ A ）A．产品特色定位B．顾客利益定位C．使用者定位D．使用场合定位16．顾客购买形式产品和期望产品时，附带获得的各种利益的总和，包括产品说明书、保证、安装、维修、送货、技术培训等，指的是（ C ）A．核心产品B．期望产品C．延伸产品D．潜在产品17．某一品牌或产品大类内由尺码、价格、外观及其他属性来区别的具体产品，指的是（ C ）A．产品线B．产品大类C．产品项目D．产品深度18．品牌是一个集合概念，若一个品牌已获得专用权并受法律保护，则指的是（ A ）A．商标B．品牌资产C．品牌标志D．品牌名称19．企业将多种相关的产品配套放在同一包装物内出售，如系列化妆品包装，这种包装策略属于（ C ）A．相似包装策略B．差异包装策略C．相关包装策略D．复用包装策略20．快速渗透策略的特点是（ C ）A．采取高价格高促销费用B．采取高价格低促销费用C．采取低价格高促销费用D．采取低价格低促销费用21．企业利用消费者仰慕名牌商品或名店声望的心理来确定商品的价格，故意把价格定成整数或高价。
这种心理定价策略属于（ A ）A．声望定价B．尾数定价C．招徕定价D．整数定价22．企业按照单位成本加上一定百分比的加成来确定产品销售价格，这种定价方法指的是（ B ）A．目标定价法B．成本加成定价法C．随行就市定价法D．认知价值定价法23．制造商尽可能地通过许多负责任的、适当的批发商、零售商推销其产品。
这种分销策略属于（ A ）A．密集分销B．选择分销C．独家分销D．双边分销24．由各自独立的生产商、批发商、零售商和消费者组成的分销渠道，指的是（ A ）A．传统渠道系统B．现代渠道系统C．垂直渠道系统D．水平渠道系统25．产业用品的主要促销工具是（ D ）A．广告B．销售促进C．宣传D．人员推销26．灵活、及时、广泛、可信但不易保存、表现力不高的平面媒体指的是（ A ）A．报纸B．杂志C．广播D．黄页27．市场营销专业化组织一般包括四种类型，以强调市场营销中的各种职能如销售、广告和调研的重要性为特征的专业化组织，指的是（ C ）A．地理型组织B．产品型组织C．职能型组织D．市场型组织28．从本企业购买某产品的顾客占该产品所有顾客的百分比指的是（ A ）A．顾客渗透率B．顾客忠诚度C．顾客选择性D．价格选择性29．企业在营销中信守诺言，履行合约，避免欺骗和误导性宣传，对于过失予以补救，使产品或服务适合消费者的预期要求，在罗斯提出的“显要义务”中指的是（ A ）A．诚实B．感恩C．公正D．行善30．高达百货公司通过使用CRM系统，充分了解顾客的多种需求，不仅向某顾客销售了笔记本电脑、高档手表，而且还卖给对方整套的高档家用家具，这种营销方式指的是（ D ）A．绿色营销B．交叉销售C．整合营销D．关系营销二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
31．影响消费者购买行为的社会因素有（ABC ）A．参照群体B．家庭C．社会角色D．生活方式E．个性32．收集原始数据的主要方法包括（ABDE ）A．观察法B．实验法C．年鉴查阅法D．调查法E．专家估计法33．通常供市场跟随者选择的跟随战略有（ABC ）A．紧密跟随B．距离跟随C．选择跟随D．不跟随E．对立竞争34．测定广告销售效果的主要指标，包括（ABCDE ）A．广告费用占销率法B．广告费用增销率法C．单位费用促销法D．单位费用增销法E．弹性系数测定法35．杂志是企业常用的平面广告媒体，与其它广告媒体相比，它的优点有（BC ）A．灵活B．针对性强C．保存期长D．触及面广E．信息量大三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分）36．战略计划过程答案：战略计划过程就是指通过制定企业的任务、目标、业务组合计划和新业务计划，在企业的目标和资源（或能力）与迅速变化的环境之间发展和保持一种切实可行的战略适应的管理过程。
战略计划过程包括：规定企业使命；确定企业目标；安排业务组合；制定新计划任务。
37．品牌扩展策略答案：品牌扩展策略，是指企业利用其成功品牌名称的声誉来推出改良产品或新产品，包括推出新的包装规格、香味和式样等，以凭借现有名牌产品形成系列名牌产品的一种名牌创立策略。
它与品牌延伸的区别在于：“品牌延伸意指使用一个品牌名称在同一市场上，成功地切入同一市场的另一个区块。
38．分销渠道答案：分销渠道是指"企业内部和外部代理商和经销商(批发和零售)的组织结构，通过这些组织，商品(产品或劳务)才得以上市行销。
39．市场营销组织答案：市场营销组织是指企业内部涉及市场营销活动的各个职位及其结构。
它是以市场营销观念为理念建立的组织,以消费者的需求为中心,把消费者需求置于整个市场运行过程的起点，并将满足消费者的需求作为其归宿点。
四、简答题（本大题共4小题，其中第40题7分，第41、42题8分，第43题5分，共28分）40．简述目前人口环境方面的主要动向有哪些？答案：目前许多国家人口环境方面的主要动向是：（1）世界人口迅速增长；（2）发达国家人口出生率下降，儿童减少；（3）许多国家人口趋于老龄化；（4）许多国家的家庭在变化；（5）西方国家非家庭住户也在迅速增加，非家庭住户包括单身成年人住户、两人同居住户、集体住户；（6）许多国家的人口流动性大，人口流动的特点是：人口从农村流向城市、人口从城市流向郊区。
41．影响消费者购买行为的主要因素有哪些？答案：影响消费者购买行为的主要因素有：1）．社会文化因素。
文化因素包括文化、亚文化及社会阶层对消费者行为所起到的影响，是各因素中对消费者的作用最为广泛深远的。
2）．经济因素。
影响消费行为的经济因素主要有商品价格、消费者收入和商品效用以及经济环境因素。
3）．心理因素。
影响消费者购买行为的心理因素，主要包括动机、知觉、学习、信念和态度等。
4）．个人因素。
购买者的决策也会受到个人外在特征的影响，特别是受其年龄所处的生命周期阶段、经济环境、生活方式、个性以及自我概念的影响。
42．简述差别定价策略的四种形式。
答案：所谓差别定价，也叫价格歧视，就是企业按照两种或两种以上不反映成本费用的比较差异的价格销售某种产品或劳务。
差别定价有四种形式：1）．顾客差别定价。
顾客差别定价即企业按照不同的价格把同一种产品或劳务卖给不同的顾客。
例如，某汽车经销商按照目标价格把某种型号的汽车卖给顾客A，同时按照较低价格把同一型号的汽车卖给顾客B。
这种价格歧视表明，顾客的需求强度和商品知识有所不同。
2）．产品形式差别定价。
产品形式差别定价即企业对不同型号或形式的产品分别制定不同的价格，但是，不同型号或形式产品价格之间的差额和成本费用之间的差额并不成比例。
3）．产品部位差别定价。
产品部位差别定价即企业对于处于不同位置的产品或服务分别制定不同的价格，即使这些产品或服务的成本费用没有任何差异。
例如剧院，虽然不同座位的成本费用一样，但是不同座位的票价有所不同，这是因为不同座位给人们提供的满足感不同。
4）．销售时间差别定价。
销售时间差别定价即企业对于不同季节、不同时期甚至不同钟点的产品或服务也分别制定不同的价格。
43．关系营销可分为哪几个层次？答案：关系营销有三个层次；层次越高，企业的潜在收益也就越大。
①财务层次——企业通过价格优惠，刺激顾客购买更多的产品和服务。
例如：华信台为学生顾客提供的台费优惠——每月少交5元。
但是值得注意的是：企业通过价格优惠，与顾客建立财务联系，其实质是购买顾客的忠诚感，因此，也就无法真正创造忠诚的顾客。
②社交层次——这类营销并不忽视价格的重要性，但更重视企业与顾客之间的社交联系，并要求企业强调定制化的服务，尽力将顾客转化为常客。
视常客为朋友，这意味着企业要主动与他们保持联系，向他们表示友谊s而且更重要的是信任他们。