基础语法介词及介词词组讲义

基础语法----介词及介词词组讲义
什么是介词？它的作用是什么？
1.Look at me.( )
2.He goes to school by bike.( )
3.He is interested in drawing.( )
介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。

介词的主要分类：
1. at 10:00 ,in spring, on September 1st __________
2. at the cinema, in the north of China ___________
3. go by bus ,write with a pen ___________
4. by the way, at last, in the end __________
一、时间介词
__________morning
__________afternoon
__________evening
__________noon
__________night
at : 时刻, 饭时, 正午/午夜, 年龄, 节日
at six o’clock, at lunchtime, at noon, at the age of 15,at Christmas 但on Christmas Day
on: 星期几,具体日期,具体某一天的某个时候
on Sunday, on 10th November, on Saturday morning ,on a cold winter day
in: 一天当中的某个时候,月，季，年
in the morning, in June, in Autumn, in 1990
1.I was born ____ Children’s Day.
2.I was born _____the morning of September 1st,199
3.
3.I was born _____ June,199
4.
4.I often get up early ___ the morning, but ___ Sunday morning, I get up late.
5.My father likes telling us something about his work ___ supper.
6.________ Wednesday morning，we often do some reading.
7.Bin Laden was killed _____May 2, 2011.
时间的期间for, during
For+一段时间-----------（做某事）多久
During+一段时间-------在···期间
From 从···起
Since 自···以来
1.We study at school _______ Monday to Friday.
2.______ eight years ago, I have worked in Longtou .
for + 时段
since + 时段+ ago
since + 时间点
since + 一般过去时句子
1.He came here __ 1992, and he has lived here ___ 199
2.
A. in, for
B. in , since
C. since, since
2.I have known Li Lei __ over five years.
A. in
B. since
C. for
in + 时间段在……之后（内），多用于将来时
after +时间段在……之后，多用于过去时
1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back ___ two weeks.
A. for
B. after
C. in
2. Our manager came back ___ an hour.
A. in
B. after
C. at
3. They have been here __ an hour.
A. for
B. after
C. in
4. If you sit in a chair _____a long time, your back may begin to hurt.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for
5. – I joined the League ________ May, 2009. What about you?
–I’ve been a League member _______ three years.
A. in; for
B. on; in
C. on; for
D. in; since
6—When will the train D51 arrive?
—_____ a few minutes.
A. Since B For C. In D. After
1.在…岁时____ the age of
3.开始,在…起初____ the beginning of
4. 此刻____ the moment = now
5.从…到… _____…___…
6.下课/放学/下班后____class/school/work
7.在圣诞节_____Christmas Day
8.过了一会儿_______ a while
二、地点方位介词
在左边______
在右边______
在后面______
In 里面，排，行，组
On 左边、右边
1.We are ___Team One.I sit __the front of the classroom.Li Ping is ___my left.
A.on, in , at
B.in ,in ,at
C.in, in, on
2.I have a good seat. I sit __the bus.
A.in the front of
B.in front of
on 在……的上面,与表面接触
over 在……的正上方,不接触表面
under 在……下面(是over的反义词)
1.Look!There is a bridge__the river.
A.on
B. over
C.above
2.Can you see the egg ___ the plate?
A.on
B.in
C.over
3.The light__us is very bright.
A.over
B.under
C.on
above 在……上方
below 在……下方,是above的反义词
1. The temperature will fall__zero at night.
A.below
B.above
C.over
2.There is a clock on the wall. It’s ___ the blackboard.
A.on
B.in
C.above
across (从物体表面)跨越, 越过
through (从物体中间)穿透, 穿越
over (从物体上面）跃过
go through the forest
The policeman is helping the old man _________ the street.
Don’t across the roads when the lights are red.
go/ walk across=cross
in + 大地方
at + 小地方
on +门牌，某层楼
They arrived ___Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus ___ the station to the hotel.
A.at, in
B. in, on
C. in, at
______ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived ______ Shanghai. A. In; at B. On; to C. In; in D. On; in —Your sweater looks nice, is it made of wool?
—Yes, and it’s made ______ Shanghai.
A. by
B. in
C. for
D. from
in 在某范围之内
to 在某范围之外
on 与某地相邻、接壤
1.China lies ___the east of Asia and ___the north of Australia.
A. in, on
B. in ,to
C. to, in
2.Mongolia is ___the north of China.
A. in
B. on
C. to
3.Shanghai lies ___ the east of China and ___ the northeast of Guangdong. Shandong lies ___ the southeast of Heibei Province.
4 Taiwan is part of China. It is ____ the southeast of our country.
A. to
B. on
C. in
D. at
to 表目的地或去的目的
for 动身去某地
1.He got on a train ___ Shanghai .
A.to
B. for
C. towards
2. I’m leaving ____ Beijing ne xt week.
A. to
B. for
C. towards
三、方式介词
1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a key…
使用工具用介词with
2. see with our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths…
使用器官用介词with
3. in Engli sh , in French , in your own words, in three languages…
使用语言用介词in
4. in a loud voice, in a low voice…
使用声音用介词in
5. in this way, in these ways , by this means…
使用方法用介词in 或by
6.by bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car… (on foot) by land 陆路，
by road 陆路by sea 水路，by air 空运
使用交通工具用by
但：on the bike, on a bus, on a train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car…
四、综合练习
between 在两者之间
among 在……当中（三者或以上）
during 在……期间
1.Some supermarkets open __ 8:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.__ the Mid-Autumn Day.
A.at,during
B.between,during
C.between,in
2.They lived ____ the mountains in the past.
A. among
B. between
C. during
3.Don’t sit ____ the two girls.
A. among
B. between
C. during
except 除……之外，不包括
besides 除……之外，还包括
1.Everyone passed the exam ___ Tom.
A.besides
B.except
C.for
2.__ Mr Li,five teachers went to the meeting.
A.Besides
B.Except
C. Beside
3.After you ______ home, do your homework first.
A. get to
B. arrive in
C. arrive at
D. get
到达:
get to/ arrive in + 大地点
arrive at+小地点/ reach
但home, here, there 是副词，介词省略
由···制成：
be made of … 材料可看出
be made from…. 材料看不出
My coat is made ____ cotton.
Wine is made ____ rice.
It’s adj. of sb. to do
adj. 是描述人的性格和品质
It’s adj. for sb. to do
adj.描述所做事情的好坏等性质
1. It’s generous ____ you to donate a lot of money ____ Project Hope.
A. for, to
B. of, to
C. of, for
D. of, to
2. I think _____ necessary ____ us to listen to the teacher carefully.
A. that, of
B. it, of
C. that, for
D. it, for
next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow 前不用介词
We will have a party ____ next week.
介词+V-ing
1.He can improve his spoken English by ___________(read ) a lot.
2.I got up late this morning. I came to school without __________(have) breakfast.
3.The boy is crazy about __________(play) computer games.
4.They are fond of __________(listen) to music.。