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picpick 参数

picpick 参数

picpick 参数PicPick是一款功能强大的屏幕截图工具,它提供了多种截图方式和编辑工具,让我们能够轻松快捷地进行屏幕截图和图片编辑。

下面我将为大家介绍一下PicPick的参数和使用方法。

我们来了解一下PicPick的基本参数。

PicPick支持多种截图方式,包括全屏截图、窗口截图、矩形截图、固定区域截图等。

我们可以根据实际需要选择合适的截图方式。

另外,PicPick还支持延时截图,可以在设置的延时时间后进行截图,这对于需要等待某个操作完成后再进行截图的情况非常有用。

除了截图功能,PicPick还提供了丰富的编辑工具。

我们可以通过PicPick对截图进行裁剪、旋转、调整大小等操作,还可以添加文字、箭头、图形等标记,以便更好地表达我们的意图。

此外,PicPick还支持对图片进行滤镜效果的添加,可以让图片更加美观。

PicPick还提供了方便的保存和分享功能。

我们可以选择将截图直接保存到本地,也可以将截图复制到剪贴板中,方便我们在其他应用程序中使用。

此外,PicPick还支持将截图上传到云端存储空间,方便我们与他人进行分享和协作。

除了以上基本功能,PicPick还有一些高级参数可以设置。

比如,我们可以设置截图的默认保存路径和命名规则,可以设置截图的格式和质量,还可以设置截图时是否包含鼠标光标等。

这些参数可以帮助我们更好地进行截图和编辑操作,提高工作效率。

使用PicPick非常简单,只需要按下预设的热键,选择合适的截图方式即可完成截图。

截图完成后,PicPick会自动打开编辑界面,我们可以在编辑界面中进行各种编辑操作。

编辑完成后,我们可以选择保存、复制或上传截图。

整个过程非常快捷方便,让我们能够快速完成截图和编辑任务。

总的来说,PicPick是一款功能强大、操作简单的屏幕截图工具。

它提供了多种截图方式和丰富的编辑工具,能够满足我们的各种截图和编辑需求。

无论是截图、编辑还是保存和分享,PicPick都能帮助我们轻松完成。

PCI_Express规范1.1

PCI_Express规范1.1

PCI Express™Card Electromechanical SpecificationRevision 1.1March 28, 2005Revision RevisionHistory Daterelease. 7/22/021.0 Initial1.0a Incorporated WG Errata C1-C7 and E1. 4/15/031.1 Incorporated approved Errata and ECNs. 03/28/05PCI-SIG disclaims all warranties and liability for the use of this document and the information contained herein and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor does PCI-SIG make a commitment to update the information contained herein.Contact the PCI-SIG office to obtain the latest revision of the specification.Questions regarding this specification or membership in PCI-SIG may be forwarded to:Membership ServicesE-mail: administration@Phone: 503-291-2569Fax: 503-297-1090Technical Supporttechsupp@DISCLAIMERThis PCI Express Card Electromechanical Specification is provided “as is” with nowarranties whatsoever, including any warranty of merchantability, noninfringement,fitness for any particular purpose, or any warranty otherwise arising out of any proposal,specification, or sample. PCI-SIG disclaims all liability for infringement of proprietaryrights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license, express or implied,by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein.PCI Express is a trademark of PCI-SIG.All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of theirrespective owners.Copyright © 2002-2005 PCI-SIGContents1.INTRODUCTION (7)1.1.TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (7)1.2.REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (9)1.3.SPECIFICATION CONTENTS (9)1.4.OBJECTIVES (10)1.5.ELECTRICAL OVERVIEW (10)1.6.MECHANICAL OVERVIEW (11)2.AUXILIARY SIGNALS (13)2.1.REFERENCE CLOCK (14)2.1.1.Low Voltage Swing, Differential Clocks (14)2.1.2.Spread Spectrum Clocking (SSC) (15)2.1.3.REFCLK AC Specifications (16)2.1.4.REFCLK Phase Jitter Specification (19)2.2.PERST# SIGNAL (20)2.2.1.Initial Power-Up (G3 to L0) (20)2.2.2.Power Management States (S0 to S3/S4 to S0) (21)2.2.3.Power Down (22)2.3.WAKE# SIGNAL (24)2.4.SMBUS (OPTIONAL) (27)2.4.1.Capacitive Load of High-power SMBus Lines (27)2.4.2.Minimum Current Sinking Requirements for SMBus Devices (28)2.4.3.SMBus “Back Powering” Considerations (28)2.4.4.Power-on Reset (28)2.5.JTAG PINS (OPTIONAL) (29)2.6.AUXILIARY SIGNAL PARAMETRIC SPECIFICATIONS (30)2.6.1.DC Specifications (30)2.6.2.AC Specifications (31)3.HOT INSERTION AND REMOVAL (33)3.1.SCOPE (33)3.2.PRESENCE DETECT (33)4.ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS (35)4.1.POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS (35)4.2.POWER CONSUMPTION (36)4.3.POWER SUPPLY SEQUENCING (37)4.4.POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING (38)4.5.ELECTRICAL TOPOLOGIES AND LINK DEFINITIONS (38)4.5.1.Topologies (38)4.5.2.Link Definition (40)4.6.ELECTRICAL BUDGETS (41)4.6.1.AC Coupling Capacitors (42)4.6.2.Insertion Loss Values (Voltage Transfer Function) (42)4.6.3.Jitter Values (44)4.6.4.Crosstalk (46)ne-to-Lane Skew (46)4.6.6.Equalization (47)4.6.7.Skew within the Differential Pair (47)4.7.EYE DIAGRAMS AT THE ADD-IN CARD INTERFACE (47)4.7.1.Add-in Card Transmitter Path Compliance Eye-Diagram (48)4.7.2.Add-in Card Minimum Receiver Path Sensitivity Requirements (49)4.7.3.System Board Transmitter Path Compliance Eye Diagram (50)4.7.4.System Board Minimum Receiver Path Sensitivity Requirements (52)5.CONNECTOR SPECIFICATION (53)5.1.CONNECTOR PINOUT (53)5.2.CONNECTOR INTERFACE DEFINITIONS (58)5.3.SIGNAL INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTS AND TEST PROCEDURES (62)5.4.CONNECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS (65)5.4.1.Environmental Requirements (65)5.4.2.Mechanical Requirements (67)5.4.3.Current Rating Requirement (68)5.4.4.Additional Considerations (69)6.ADD-IN CARD FORM FACTORS AND IMPLEMENTATION (71)6.1.ADD-IN CARD FORM FACTORS (71)6.2.CONNECTOR AND ADD-IN CARD LOCATIONS (81)6.3.CARD INTEROPERABILITY (87)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (89)FiguresFIGURE 1-1: VERTICAL EDGE-CARD CONNECTOR (11)FIGURE 1-2: EXAMPLE SERVER I/O BOARD WITH PCI EXPRESS SLOTS ON A RISER (12)FIGURE 2-1: DIFFERENTIAL REFCLK WAVEFORM (14)FIGURE 2-2: EXAMPLE REFERENCE CLOCK SOURCE TERMINATION (15)FIGURE 2-3: SINGLE-ENDED MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR ABSOLUTE CROSS POINT AND SWING (17)FIGURE 2-4: SINGLE-ENDED MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR DELTA CROSS POINT (17)FIGURE 2-5: SINGLE-ENDED MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR RISE AND FALL TIME MATCHING (18)FIGURE 2-6: DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR DUTY CYCLE AND PERIOD18 FIGURE 2-7: DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR RISE AND FALL TIME (18)FIGURE 2-8: DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT POINTS FOR RINGBACK (18)FIGURE 2-9: REFERENCE CLOCK SYSTEM MEASUREMENT POINT AND LOADING (19)FIGURE 2-10: POWER UP (21)FIGURE 2-11: POWER MANAGEMENT STATES (22)FIGURE 2-12: OUT-OF-TOLERANCE THRESHOLD WINDOWS (23)FIGURE 2-13: POWER DOWN (23)FIGURE 2-14: WAKE# RISE AND FALL TIME MEASUREMENT POINTS (31)FIGURE 3-1: PRESENCE DETECT IN A HOT-PLUG ENVIRONMENT (34)FIGURE 4-1: PCI EXPRESS ON THE SYSTEM BOARD (39)FIGURE 4-2: PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR ON SYSTEM BOARD WITH AN ADD-IN CARD.39 FIGURE 4-3: PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR ON A RISER CARD WITH AN ADD-IN CARD (40)FIGURE 4-4: LINK DEFINITION FOR TWO COMPONENTS (41)FIGURE 4-5: EXAMPLE INTERCONNECT TERMINATED AT THE CONNECTOR INTERFACE (42)FIGURE 4-6: INSERTION LOSS BUDGETS (43)FIGURE 4-7: JITTER BUDGET (44)FIGURE 4-8: ADD-IN CARD TRANSMITTER PATH COMPLIANCE EYE DIAGRAM (48)FIGURE 4-9: REPRESENTATIVE COMPOSITE EYE DIAGRAM FOR ADD-IN CARD RECEIVER PATH COMPLIANCE (49)FIGURE 4-10: SYSTEM BOARD TRANSMITTER PATH COMPOSITE COMPLIANCE EYE DIAGRAM (50)FIGURE 4-11: TWO-PORT MEASUREMENT MODEL (51)FIGURE 4-12: REPRESENTATIVE COMPOSITE EYE DIAGRAM FOR SYSTEM BOARD RECEIVER PATH COMPLIANCE (52)FIGURE 5-1: CONNECTOR FORM FACTOR (58)FIGURE 5-2: RECOMMENDED FOOTPRINT (59)FIGURE 5-3: ADD-IN CARD EDGE-FINGER DIMENSIONS (60)FIGURE 5-4: ILLUSTRATION OF ADJACENT PAIRS (65)FIGURE 5-5: CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT POINTS (66)FIGURE 6-1: STANDARD HEIGHT PCI EXPRESS ADD-IN CARD WITHOUT THE I/O BRACKET (72)FIGURE 6-2: STANDARD HEIGHT PCI EXPRESS ADD-IN CARD WITH THE I/O BRACKET AND CARD RETAINER (73)FIGURE 6-3: ADDITIONAL FEATURE AND KEEPOUTS ON THE X16 GRAPHICS CARD (74)FIGURE 6-4: STANDARD ADD-IN CARD I/O BRACKET (75)FIGURE 6-5: BRACKET DESIGN WITH THE MOUNTING TABS MOUNTED ON THE PRIMARY SIDE OF THE ADD-IN CARD (76)FIGURE 6-6: ADD-IN CARD RETAINER (77)FIGURE 6-7: LOW PROFILE PCI EXPRESS ADD-IN CARD WITHOUT THE I/O BRACKET.78 FIGURE 6-8: LOW PROFILE PCI EXPRESS ADD-IN CARD WITH THE I/O BRACKET (79)FIGURE 6-9: LOW PROFILE I/O BRACKET (80)FIGURE 6-10: EXAMPLE OF A PC SYSTEM IN MICROATX FORM FACTOR (81)FIGURE 6-11: INTRODUCTION OF A PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR IN A MICROATX SYSTEM (82)FIGURE 6-12: MORE PCI EXPRESS CONNECTORS ARE INTRODUCED ON A MICROATX SYSTEM BOARD (83)FIGURE 6-13: PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR LOCATION IN A MICROATX SYSTEM WITH ONE PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR (84)FIGURE 6-14: PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR LOCATION IN A MICROATX SYSTEM WITH TWO PCI EXPRESS CONNECTORS (85)FIGURE 6-15: CARD ASSEMBLED IN CONNECTOR (86)TablesTABLE 2-1: REFCLCK DC SPECIFICATIONS AND AC TIMING REQUIREMENTS (16)TABLE 2-2: MAXIMUM ALLOWED PHASE JITTER WHEN APPLIED TO FIXED FILTER CHARACTERISTIC (20)TABLE 2-3: AUXILIARY SIGNAL DC SPECIFICATIONS - PERST#, WAKE#, AND SMBUS30 TABLE 2-4: POWER SEQUENCING AND RESET SIGNAL TIMINGS (31)TABLE 4-1: POWER SUPPLY RAIL REQUIREMENTS (35)TABLE 4-2: ADD-IN CARD POWER DISSIPATION (36)TABLE 4-3: ALLOCATION OF INTERCONNECT PATH INSERTION LOSS BUDGET (43)TABLE 4-4: TOTAL SYSTEM JITTER BUDGET (45)TABLE 4-5: ALLOCATION OF INTERCONNECT JITTER BUDGET (45)TABLE 4-6: ALLOWABLE INTERCONNECT LANE-TO-LANE SKEW (47)TABLE 4-7: ADD-IN CARD TRANSMITTER PATH COMPLIANCE EYE REQUIREMENTS..48 TABLE 4-8: ADD-IN CARD MINIMUM RECEIVER PATH SENSITIVITY REQUIREMENTS49 TABLE 5-1: PCI EXPRESS CONNECTORS PINOUT (53)TABLE 5-2: SIGNAL INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTS AND TEST PROCEDURES (63)TABLE 5-3: TEST DURATIONS (66)TABLE 5-4: MECHANICAL TEST PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS (67)TABLE 5-5: END OF LIFE CURRENT RATING TEST SEQUENCE (68)TABLE 5-6: ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS (69)TABLE 6-1: ADD-IN CARD SIZES (71)TABLE 6-2: CARD INTEROPERABILITY (87)11. IntroductionThis specification is a companion for the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1. Its primary focus is the implementation of an evolutionary strategy with the current PCI desktop/server mechanical and electrical specifications. The discussions are confined to ATX or ATX-based form factors.Other form factors, such as PCI Express Mini Card are covered in other separate specifications.51.1. TermsDefinitionsandAdd-in card A card that is plugged into a connector and mounted in a chassisslot.ATX A system board form factor. Refer to the ATX Specification,2.2.Revision.10ATX-based form factor Refers to the form factor that does not exactly conform to theATX specification, but uses the key features of the ATX, such asthe slot spacing, I/O panel definition, etc.Auxiliary signals Signals not required by the PCI Express architecture but necessaryfor certain desired functions or system implementation, for15example, the SMBus signals.Basic bandwidth Contains one PCI Express Lanex1, x4, x8, x16 x1 refers to one PCI Express Lane of basic bandwidth; x4 refers to acollection of four PCI Express Lanes; etc.Down-plugging Plugging a larger Link card into a smaller Link connector; for example, 20plugging a x4 card into a x1 connectorDown-shifting Plugging a PCI Express card into a connector that is not fullyrouted for all of the PCI Express Lanes; for example, plugginga x4 card into a x8 capable connector with only four Lanesroutedbeing25Evolutionary strategy A strategy to develop the PCI Express connector and card formfactors within today’s chassis and system board form factorconstraints.infrastructureHigh bandwidth Supports larger number of PCI Express Lanes, such as a x16 cardconnector.or30Hot-Plug Insertion and/or removal of a card into an active backplane orsystem board as defined in PCI Standard Hot-Plug Controller andSubsystem Specification, Revision. 1.0. No special card support is required.Hot swap Insertion and/or removal of a card into a passive backplane. Thecard must satisfy specific requirements to support Hot swap.5Interoperability Ability to plug a PCI Express card into different Link connectorsand the system works, for example, plugging a x1 PCI ExpressI/O card into a x16 graphics slot.Link A collection of one or more PCI Express LanesLow profile card An add-in card whose height is no more than 68.90 mm10(2.731 inches)microATX An ATX-based system board form factor. Refer to the microATXMotherboard Interface Specification, Revision 1.2.PCI Express Mini Card PCI Express for mobile form factor, similar to Mini PCIPCI Express Lane One PCI Express Lane contains two differential lines for15Transmitter and two differential lines for Receiver. A by-N Linkis composed of N Lanes.sideband signaling A method for signaling events and conditions using physicalsignals separate from signals forming the Link between twocomponents.20Standard height card An add-in card whose height is no more than 111.15 mminches)(4.376Up-plugging Plug a smaller Link card into a larger Link connector; forexample, plugging a x1 card into a x4 connectorwakeup A mechanism used by a component to request the reapplication of25main power when in the L2 Link state. Two such mechanisms aredefined in the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1: Beacon andWAKE#. This specification requires the use of WAKE# on any add-incard or system board that supports wakeup functionality.Documents1.2. ReferenceThis specification references the following documents:PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 3.0PCI Express Jitter Modeling5PCI Express Jitter and BERATX Specification, Revision 2.2microATX Motherboard Interface Specification, Revision 1.2SMBus Specification, Revision 2.0JTAG Specification (IEEE1149.1)10PCI Standard Hot-Plug Controller and Subsystem Specification, Revision 1.0Compact PCI Hot Swap SpecificationEIA-364-1000.01: Environmental Test Methodology for Assessing the Performance of Electrical Connectors and Sockets Used in Business Office ApplicationsEIA-364: Electrical Connector/Socket Test Procedures Including Environmental Classifications15Contents1.3. SpecificationThis specification contains the following information:Auxiliary signalsAdd-in card hot insertion and removalPower delivery20Add-in card electrical budgetConnector specificationCard form factors and implementation1.4. ObjectivesThe objectives of this specification are:Support 2.5 Gb/s data rate (per direction) with headroom for future bandwidth increasesEnable Hot-Plug and hot swap where they are neededLeverage desktop and server commonality5Facilitate smooth transitionsAllow co-existence of both PCI and PCI Express add-in cardsNo chassis or other PC infrastructure changesForward looking for future scalabilityExtensible for future bandwidth needs10Allows future evolution of PC architectureMaximize card interoperability for user flexibilityLow cost1.5. Electrical OverviewThe electrical part of this specification covers auxiliary signals, hot insertion and removal, power15delivery, and add-in card interconnect electrical budgets for the evolutionary strategy. The PCIExpress Transmitter and Receiver electrical requirements are specified in the PCI Express BaseSpecification, Revision 1.1.Besides the signals that are required to transmit/receive data on the PCI Express interface, there arealso signals that may be necessary to implement the PCI Express interface in a system environment, 20or to provide certain desired functions. These signals are referred to as the auxiliary signals. They include:Reference clock (REFCLK), must be supplied by the system (see Section 2.1.1)Add-in card presence detect pins (PRSNT1# and PRSNT2#), requiredPERST#, required25JTAG, optionalSMBus, optionalWake (WAKE#), required only if the device/system supports wakeup+3.3Vaux, optionalREFCLK, JTAG, SMBus, PERST#, and WAKE# are described in Chapter 2; +3.3Vaux is30described in Chapter 4; and PRSNT1# and PRSNT2# are described in Chapter 3.Both Hot-Plug and hot swap of PCI Express add-in cards are supported, but their implementation isoptional. Hot-Plug is supported with the evolutionary add-in card form factor. Hot swap issupported with other form factors and will be described in other specifications.To support Hot-Plug, presence detect pins (PRSNT1# and PRSNT2#) are defined in each end of the connectors and add-in cards. Those presence detect pins are staggered on the add-in cards such 5that they are last-mate and first-break, detecting the presence of the add-in cards. Chapter 3discusses the detailed implementation of PCI Express Hot-Plug.Chapter 4 specifies the PCI Express add-in card electrical requirements, which include powerdelivery and interconnect electrical budgets. Power is delivered to the PCI Express add-in cards viaadd-in card connectors, using three voltage rails: +3.3V, +3.3Vaux, and +12V. Note that the10+3.3Vaux voltage rail is not required for all platforms (refer to Section 4.1 for more information on the required usage of 3.3Vaux). The maximum add-in card power definitions are based on the card size and Link widths, and are described in Section 4.2. Chapter 4 describes the interconnectelectrical budgets, focusing on the add-in card loss and jitter requirements.Overview1.6. MechanicalPCI Express can be used in many different applications in desktop, mobile, server, as well as15networking and communication equipment. Consequently, multiple variations of form factors and connectors will exist to suit the unique needs of these different applications.Figure 1-1 shows an example of the vertical edge-card PCI Express connector to be used in ATX or ATX-based systems. There will be a family of such connectors, containing one to 16 PCI ExpressLanes. The basic bandwidth (BW) version supports one PCI Express Lane and could be used as the 20replacement for the PCI connector. The high bandwidth version will support 16 PCI Express Lanes and will be used for applications that require higher bandwidth, such as graphics.OM14739Figure 1-1: Vertical Edge-Card ConnectorVertical edge card connectors also have applications in the server market segment. Figure 1-2 shows an example of a server configuration using a PCI Express riser card.OM14740Figure 1-2: Example Server I/O Board with PCI Express Slots on a Riser Mobile applications require a right angle edge card connector. The definition of such a connector will be covered in a separate document.For certain server and network applications there may also be a need for a Compact PCI-like PCI Express connector, or other backplane-type PCI Express connectors.PCI Express cable connectors may also be needed for within-system applications, both internally 5(inside the chassis) and externally (outside the chassis).While the reality of multiple variations of PCI Express connectors and form factors is recognized, no attempt will be made to define every possible PCI Express connector and form factor variation in this specification. They will be defined later as the need arises in other specifications. Thisspecification, instead, focuses on the vertical edge card PCI Express connectors and form factor 10requirements by covering the following:Connector mating interfaces and footprintsElectrical, mechanical, and reliability requirements of the connectors, including the connector testing proceduresAdd-in card form factors15Connector and add-in card locations, as well as keep-outs on a typical desktop system board (ATX/microATX form factor)Connector definitions and requirements are addressed in Chapter 5 and add-in card form factors and implementation are discussed in Chapter 6.2. Auxiliary SignalsThe auxiliary signals are provided on the connector to assist with certain system level functionality or implementation. These signals are not required by the PCI Express architecture. The high-speed signal voltage levels are compatible with advanced silicon processes. The optional low speed signals are defined to use the +3.3V or +3.3Vaux supplies, as they are the lowest common voltage available. 5Most ASIC processes have high voltage (thick gate oxide) I/O transistors compatible with 3.3 V. Use of the 3.3 V supply allows PCI Express signaling to be used with existing control bus structures, avoiding a buffered set of signals and bridges between the buses.The PCI Express connector and add-in card interfaces support the following auxiliary signals:REFCLK-/REFCLK+ (required): low voltage differential signals.10 PERST# (required): indicates when the applied main power is within the specified tolerance andstable. PERST# goes inactive after a delay of T PVPERL time from the power rails achieving specified tolerance on power up.WAKE#: an open-drain, active low signal that is driven low by a PCI Express function to re-activate the PCI Express Link hierarchy’s main power rails and reference clocks. It is required 15on any add-in card or system board that supports wakeup functionality compliant with this specification.SMBCLK (optional): the SMBus interface clock signal. It is an open-drain signal. SMBDAT (optional): the SMBus interface address/data signal. It is an open-drain signal. JTAG (TRST#, TCLK, TDI, TDO, and TMS) (optional): the pins to support IEEE Standard201149.1, Test Access Port and Boundary Scan Architecture (JTAG). They are included as an optional interface for PCI Express devices. IEEE Standard 1149.1 specifies the rules and permissions for designing an 1149.1-compliant IC.PRSNT1# (required): Add-in card presence detect pin. See Chapter 3 for a detailed description.PRSNT2# (required): Add-in card presence detect pin. See Chapter 3 for a detailed description.25Note that the SMBus interface pins are collectively optional for both the add-in card and the system board. If the optional management features are implemented, SMBCLK and SMBDAT are both required. Similarly, the JTAG pins are collectively optional. If this test mode is implemented, all the JTAG pins are required. Refer to the PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision. 3.0, Section 4.3.3 for additional system requirements related to these signals.3022.1. Reference Clock2.1.1. Low Voltage Swing, Differential ClocksTo reduce jitter and allow for future silicon fabrication process changes, low voltage swing,differential clocks are being used, as illustrated in Figure 2-1. The nominal single-ended swing for each clock is 0 to 0.7 V and a nominal frequency of 100 MHz ±300 PPM. The clock has a defined 5crossover voltage range and monotonic edges through the input threshold regions as specified in Chapter 4.REFCLK–REFCLK+OM14741Figure 2-1: Differential REFCLK WaveformThe reference clock pair is routed point-to-point to each connector from the system boardaccording to best-known clock routing rules. The reference clock distribution to all devices must be matched to within 15 inches on the system board. The phase delay between the transmitter and 10receiver clock is assumed to be less than 10 ns. The combination of the maximum reference clock mismatch and the maximum channel length will contribute approximately 7-8 ns and the remaining time is allocated to the difference in the insertion delays of the Tx and Rx devices. The routing of each signal in any given clock pair between the clock source and the connector must be well matched in length (< 0.005 inch) and appropriately spaced away from other non-clock signals to 15avoid excessive crosstalk.The add-in card is not required to use the reference clock on the connector. However, the add-in card is required to maintain the 600-ppm data rate matching specified in Section 4.3.1.1 of the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1.Any terminations required by the clock are to be on the system board. An example termination 20topology for a current-mode clock generator is shown in Figure 2-2. EMI emissions will be reduced if clocks to open sockets are shut down at the clock source. The method for detecting the presence of a card in a slot and controlling the clock gating is platform specific and is not covered in this specification.A-0439Figure 2-2: Example Reference Clock Source Termination Termination on the add-in card is allowed, but is not covered by the specifications in Section 2.1.3.While the same measurement techniques can be used as specified in that section, receivertermination will reduce the nominal swing and rise and fall times by half. The low input swing and low slew rates need to be validated against the clock receiver requirements as they can causeexcessive jitter in some clock input buffer designs.5The reference clock timings are based on nominal 100 Ω, differential pair routing withapproximately 5-mil trace widths. This timing budget allows for a maximum add-in card tracelength of 4.0 inches. No specific trace geometry, however, is explicitly defined in this specification.2.1.2. Spread Spectrum Clocking (SSC)The reference clocks may support spread spectrum clocking. Any given system design may or may 10not use this feature due to platform-level timing issues. The minimum clock period cannot beviolated. The preferred method is to adjust the spread technique to not allow for modulation above the nominal frequency. This technique is often called “down-spreading.” The requirements for spread spectrum modulation rate and magnitude are given in the PCI Express Base Specification,Revision 1.1.152.1.3. REFCLK AC SpecificationsAll specifications in Table 2-1 are to be measured using a test configuration as described in Note 11 with a circuit as shown in Figure 2-9.Table 2-1: REFCLCK DC Specifications and AC Timing Requirements100 MHz Input Unit Note Symbol ParameterMin MaxRise Edge Rate Rising Edge Rate 0.6 4.0 V/ns 2, 3Fall Edge Rate Falling Edge Rate 0.6 4.0 V/ns 2, 3V IH Differential Input High Voltage +150 mV 2V IL Differential Input Low Voltage -150 mV 2V CROSS Absolute crossing point voltage +250 +550 mV 1,4,5V CROSS DELTA Variation of V CROSS over all risingclock edges+140 mV 1,4,9V RB Ring-back Voltage Margin -100 +100 mV 2,12 T STABLE Time before V RB is allowed 500 ps 2,12 T PERIOD AVG Average Clock Period Accuracy -300 +2800 ppm 2,10,13T PERIOD ABS Absolute Period (including Jitterand Spread Spectrum)9.847 10.203 ns 2,6T CCJITTER Cycle to Cycle jitter 150 ps 2 V MAX Absolute Max input voltage +1.15 V 1,7 V MIN Absolute Min input voltage - 0.3 V 1,8 Duty Cycle Duty Cycle 40 60 % 2Rise-Fall Matching Rising edge rate (REFCLK+) tofalling edge rate (REFCLK-)matching20 % 1,14Z C-DC Clock source DC impedance 40 60 Ω1,11Notes:1. Measurement taken from single ended waveform.52. Measurement taken from differential waveform.3. Measured from -150 mV to +150 mV on the differential waveform (derived from REFCLK+ minusREFCLK-). The signal must be monotonic through the measurement region for rise and fall time.The 300 mV measurement window is centered on the differential zero crossing. See Figure 2-7.4. Measured at crossing point where the instantaneous voltage value of the rising edge of REFCLK+10equals the falling edge of REFCLK-. See Figure 2-3.5. Refers to the total variation from the lowest crossing point to the highest, regardless of which edgeis crossing. Refers to all crossing points for this measurement. See Figure 2-3.6. Defines as the absolute minimum or maximum instantaneous period. This includes cycle to cyclejitter, relative PPM tolerance, and spread spectrum modulation. See Figure 2-6.157. Defined as the maximum instantaneous voltage including overshoot. See Figure 2-3. 8. Defined as the minimum instantaneous voltage including undershoot. See Figure 2-3.9. Defined as the total variation of all crossing voltages of Rising REFCLK+ and Falling REFCLK-.This is the maximum allowed variance in VCROSS for any particular system. See Figure 2-4. 10. Refer to Section 4.3.2.1 of the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 1.1 for information5regarding PPM considerations.11. System board compliance measurements must use the test load card described in Figure 2-9.REFCLK+ and REFCLK- are to be measured at the load capacitors CL. Single ended probes must be used for measurements requiring single ended measurements. Either single ended probes with math or differential probe can be used for differential measurements. Test load C L = 2 pF.1012. T STABLE is the time the differential clock must maintain a minimum ±150 mV differential voltage afterrising/falling edges before it is allowed to droop back into the V RB ±100 mV differential range. See Figure 2-8.13. PPM refers to parts per million and is a DC absolute period accuracy specification. 1 PPM is1/1,000,000thof 100.000000 MHz exactly or 100 Hz. For 300 PPM then we have a error budget of 15100 Hz/PPM * 300 PPM = 30 kHz. The period is to be measured with a frequency counter with measurement window set to 100 ms or greater. The ±300 PPM applies to systems that do not employ Spread Spectrum or that use common clock source. For systems employing SpreadSpectrum there is an additional 2500 PPM nominal shift in maximum period resulting from the 0.5% down spread resulting in a maximum average period specification of +2800 PPM2014. Matching applies to rising edge rate for REFCLK+ and falling edge rate for REFCLK-. It ismeasured using a ±75 mV window centered on the median cross point where REFCLK+ rising meets REFCLK- falling. The median cross point is used to calculate the voltage thresholds the oscilloscope is to use for the edge rate calculations. The Rise Edge Rate of REFCLK+ should be compared to the Fall Edge Rate of REFCLK-, the maximum allowed difference should not exceed 2520% of the slowest edge rate. See Figure 2-5.REFCLK–A-0437REFCLK+V MAX = 1.15 VV MIN = -0.30 VV CROSS MAX = 550 mV V CROSS MIN = 250 mVFigure 2-3: Single-Ended Measurement Points for Absolute Cross Point and SwingREFCLK–A-0438REFCLK+VFigure 2-4: Single-Ended Measurement Points for Delta Cross Point。

ps中英文菜单对照

ps中英文菜单对照
15。File Info文件简介
18。Purge清除内存数据
16。Print Options打印选项
1 Undo还原
17.Page Setup页面设置
2 Clipboard剪贴板
18。Print打印
3 Histories历史纪录
19.Jump to跳转到
4 All全部
20。Exit退出
19。Color Settings颜色设置
st Filter上次滤镜操作
3 Reveal Selection显示选区
2。Artistic艺术效果
4 Hide Selection隐藏选区
1 Colored Pencil彩色铅笔
14.Enable Layer Mask启用图层蒙板
2 Cutout剪贴画
15。Add Layer Clipping Path添加图层剪切路径
5 Horizontal Center水平居中
4 Dark Strokes深色线条
6 Right Edges右边
5 Ink Outlines油墨概况
22.Lock All Linked Layers锁定所有链接图层
yer Properties图层属性
8 Multichannel多通道
5。Layer Style图层样式
9 8 Bits/Channel 8位通道
1 Blending Options混合选项
10 16 Bits/Channel 16位通道
2 Drop Shadow投影
11 Color Table颜色表
7 Plug Ins&Scratch Disks增效工具与暂存盘
8 Memory & Image Cache内存和图像高速缓存

惠普彩色激光打印机 Pro M454 和惠普彩色激光多功能一体机 Pro M479 维修手册说明书

惠普彩色激光打印机 Pro M454 和惠普彩色激光多功能一体机 Pro M479 维修手册说明书

Table -1 Revision history Revision number 1
Revision date 6/2019
Revision notes HP LaserJet Pro M454 HP LaserJet Pro MFP M479 Repair manual initial release
Additional service and support for HP internal personnel HP internal personnel, go to one of the following Web-based Interactive Search Engine (WISE) sites: Americas (AMS) – https:///wise/home/ams-enWISE - English – https:///wise/home/ams-esWISE - Spanish – https:///wise/home/ams-ptWISE - Portuguese – https:///wise/home/ams-frWISE - French Asia Pacific / Japan (APJ) ○ https:///wise/home/apj-enWISE - English ○ https:///wise/home/apj-jaWISE - Japanese ○ https:///wise/home/apj-koWISE - Korean ○ https:///wise/home/apj-zh-HansWISE - Chinese (simplified)
Find information about the following topics ● Service manuals ● Service advisories ● Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting ● Install and configure ● Printer specifications ● Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues ● Remove and replace part instructions and videos ● Warranty and regulatory information

抠图 骨骼

抠图 骨骼

原图
(点小图看大图)抠图之后的效果
选择快速选择工具可以得到比直接用魔术棒工具细致一些的选区
先将选区储存到通道中以方便后面使用
然后反选选区并扩展
得到选区如下
选择填充选取在填充中选择“content aware” 可以智能的识别周围内容并修饰
“content aware” 填充后效果很神奇吧呵呵
选择污点修复画笔工具并勾选“content aware” 项
用“content aware” 选项的污点修复画笔修饰一些穿帮的地方
修饰后很干净吧
好了为了让拍照已经很疲劳的先生能够很好的下去休息,我们先载入刚才已经存在通道里的选区。

同样用快速选择工具将男士分离出选区,并继续选择“调整边缘”选项
在调整边缘中勾选smart radius 这个能智能的识别边缘并对其他一些选项进行调整使选区更加细致
选择“refine radius tool“笔刷可以完善选区,在此过程中可以使用K 键观察选区是否细致 W可恢复
修饰后效果
先生已经休息去了现在女士的手也不需要保持这样的姿势我们要美女重新摆个美姿,”编辑“中选择”puppet warp“
这个可以让关节如同木偶一样活动
选择好各个关节然后移动手腕
最后移动一下美女的位置一张美女的单人照就出现了。

Elsevier投稿指南

Elsevier投稿指南
2)等你上传修改修改稿时,再单独上传图、表等附件就行。像Fig.2a、Fig.2b这种有多个子图组成的一 整个图,Fig.2a、Fig.2b分别作为一个附件上传即可。
3)我投的期刊不需要提供作者简历和照片,只提供单位名称和邮箱就行,这一条帮不上你了。
4)对于截图等,用PS处理为300dpi,保留原始色彩就行了。Elsevier在出版时:网络版的,也就是供网 上下载的PDF可以是彩色的。纸质版的印成灰色的就可以,灰色不单独收费,如果纸质版印成彩色的就 要单独收费。
You are encouraged to use equation-editing tools such as mathtype to edit equations. Please make use of the numbering and referencing functions.
第3页/共9页
既然选项里有Figure和Table,你就单独上传,Manuscript里 只写文字,把图和表的标题放在最后
第5页/共9页
- Figure captions are not detailed enough. A figure caption should make it possible for the reader to understand the contents of the figure without consulting the text. The figure caption should also give all experimental conditions that are necessary to reproduce the measurements. - Standard errors should be given for all parameters determined in this work, especially in Tables 2 and 3.

IPCameraUserManual(网络摄像头使用说明书-英文版)(精)

IPCameraUserManual(网络摄像头使用说明书-英文版)(精)

Vilar IP Camera VS-IPC1002 User’s ManualIndex1INTRODUCTION.............................................................................- 1 -1.1W ELCOME TO THE V ILAR IP C AMERA (11.2P ACKAGE C ONTENTS (11.3I DENTIFY VS-IPC1002 (21.3.1VS-IPC1002Views....................................................................- 2 -1.3.2Indication and Operation..........................................................- 4 -2FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES........................................................- 10 -2.1B ASIC F UNCTIONS (102.2A DVANCED F EATURES (103SYSTEM REQUIREMENT...............................................................- 11 -4SETUP PROCEDURE......................................................................- 12 -4.1VS-IPC1002P OWER &N ETWORK C ONNECTION (124.2R OUTER/S WITCH/H UB/X DSL M ODEM C ONNECTION (134.3U SE IPC AM S EARCH T OOL TO SETUP VS-IPC1002 (144.4V IEW V IDEO ON W EB B ROWSER (164.5S ETUP VS-IPC1002 ON W EB (224.6M OUNTING THE VS-IPC1002 (225SYSTEM CONFIGURATION...........................................................- 24 - 5.1S YSTEM STATUS (245.2U SER M ANAGEMENT (255.3N ETWORK (265.4D ATE AND T IME (275.5V IDEO (275.6JPEG E NCRYPTION (285.7E-MAIL (295.8FTP (305.9S ENSORS AND M OTION D ETECTION (315.10S CHEDULER T RIGGER (315.11S YSTEM M AINTENANCE (325.12S YSTEM L OG (325.13G UEST Z ONE (336VISIT VS-IPC1002 OVER INTERNET............................................- 34 - 6.1WAN IP A DDRESS (346.2N ETWORK A DDRESS T RANSLATION (NAT (356.3P ORT F ORWARDING (356.4D EFAULT G ATEWAY (366.5A CCESSING M ULTIPLE C AMERAS ON THE I NTERNET (366.6D YNAMIC D OMAIN N AME S ERVICE (DDNS (376.7C ONFIGURATION E XAMPLE (387TECHNICAL PARAMETERS............................................................- 40 -Figures and Tables IndexFigure 1 VS-IPC1002 View.........................................................- 2 - Figure 2 VS-IPC1002 Front View...................................................- 2 - Figure 3 VS-IPC1002 Back View....................................................- 3 - Figure 4 Front View Indication and Operation.................................- 4 - Figure 5 LCD Indications..............................................................- 4 - Figure 6 IP Address/Network Mask/Gateway...................................- 5 - Figure 7 Back View Indication.......................................................- 7 - Figure 8 Input & Output defines....................................................- 7 - Figure 9 Input & Output Pins Connection........................................- 8 - Figure 10 Insert a CF Card...........................................................- 9 - Figure 11 Connecting the Ethernet wire.......................................- 12 - Figure 12 connecting the power supply........................................- 12 - Figure 13 LAN connection..........................................................- 13 - Figure 14 VS-IPC1002 Search Tool..............................................- 14 - Figure 15 Modify Vi lar IP camera’s IP Address...............................- 15 - Figure 16 Input Administrator’s Username and Password................- 15 - Figure 17 VS-IPC1002 Home Page..............................................- 16 - Figure 18 Login Message box.....................................................- 17 - Figure 19 IE SecurityWarning....................................................- 17 - Figure 20 Security setting for ActiveX Controls..............................- 18 - Figure 21 Set VS-IPC1002 as a trusted site..................................- 19 - Figure 22 Video webpage...........................................................- 20 - Figure 23 History Images View...................................................- 21 - Figure 24 The right-click menu of ActiveX Control.........................- 21 - Figure 25 The bottom menu of ActiveX Control...........................- 22 - Figure 26 System Status View....................................................- 24 - Figure 27 User Management View...............................................- 25 - Figure 28 Network Setup View....................................................- 26 - Figure 29Date and Time Setup View............................................- 27 - Figure 30 Video Setup View.......................................................- 27 - Figure 31JPEG Encryption Setup View..........................................- 28 - Figure32 Require Password Input in Client Web Browser.................- 28 - Figure 33 Input Password in Web Browser (ActiveX......................- 29 - Figure 34 Input Password in Web Browser (Java........................- 29 - Figure35 E-mail Setup View.......................................................- 29 - Figure 36 FTP Setup View..........................................................- 30 - Figure 38 Scheduler Trigger Setup View.......................................- 31 - Figure 39 System Maintenance View..........................................- 32 - Figure 40 System Log View........................................................- 32 - Figure 41 “Guest Zone” View......................................................- 33 - Figure 42 Vilar IP camera’s Application Environment......................- 34 - Figure 43 Typical Network Environment.......................................- 38 -1 Introduction1.1Welcome to the Vilar IP CameraThe Vilar IP Camera combines a high quality digital video camera with network connectivity and a powerful web server to bring clear video to your desktop from anywhere on your local network or over the Internet.1.2Package ContentsNow the digital cameras are used more often in many public areas such as super markets, schools, factories and so on. Especially on some special areas such as banks and traffic cross road, its powerful image management can help you monitor those areas better.1.3Identify VS-IPC10021.3.1VS-IPC1002ViewsFigure 2 VS-IPC1002 Front View1.3.2Indication and OperationFigure 5 LCD IndicationsLCD circulates display IP Address/Network Mask/Gateway, it shown as Figure 6.System in configuration status. E.g. Upgrading firmware.Network mode indications:Icon MeaningStatic IP Use static (manually fixed IP mode.DHCP IP Address is dynamic assigned byDHCP Server.PPPoE Vilar IP Camera’s internal PPPoE dialfunction enabled.(Used for xDSLThere is a “user visiting” yellow LED on the panel. IEEuser visiting” icon of LCDFigure 8 Input & Output definesOutputA B Input Common Input 1 2Input Pins: The input pins can be used for 2-way external sensor input. For example, you may connect a Person Infrared Sensor (PIR to it for motion detection. When external sensor triggered, VS-IPC1002 can be programmed to send an email with picture or control the internal relay output.Connecting two sensors which send open and close signals to IO input pins. Pin3 and Pin4 connect two input lines of sensor 1 respectively. Pin4 and Pin5 connect two input lines of sensor 2 respectively.Figure 9 Input & Output Pins ConnectionExternal Power Socket:Connect to a 5V AC-DC adapter.CAUTION: Do not use any non-approved power adapter otherthan the ones which is accessory. This is to prevent anydamage of VS-IPC1002.RJ-45 Ethernet Socket: Connects your VS-IPC1002 to LAN.CF Card Socket: As image storage CF Card could save the sensor triggerimage on the real time or discontinuous time. Its maximum capacity is 2GByte. You have to format it as FAT16/FAT32 before use it. Both type1 and type2 CF card can be supported by this socket.2 Functions and Features2.1Basic FunctionsThe basic function of VS-IPC1002 is transmitting remote video and audio on the IP network. The high quality video image can be transmitted with 30fps speed on theLAN/WAN by using MJPEG hardware compression technology.The VS-IPC1002 is basic on the TCP/IP standard. There is a WEB server inside which could support Internet Explore. Because of that the management and maintenance of your device become more simply by using network to achieve the remote configuration, start-up and upgrade firmware.You can use this VS-IPC1002 to monitor some special places such as your home and your office. Also controlling the VS-IPC1002 and managing image are simple by clicking the website through the network.2.2Advanced FeaturesüAdvanced Image EncryptionBesides standard user authentication, there is a powerful 128-bit AES encryption can be used to ensure the image transmission safe.üDigital Video Recording and TransportationVS-IPC1002 can save the image in CF Card. sending the image to your mailbox automatic when the VS-IPC1002 is triggered.üMotion DetectionYour may use the internal Motion Detection function or external PIR sensor to trigger images recording and transportation.üAlarm sensor input/outputThe detection sensor sends an alarm and records it by itself when there is a fire or accident. A message as an email is send to you by this sensor. (Theinput/output discreteness can be chosenüDDNS supportUsing the VS-IPC1002 in the condition which including ADSL and IP change often is more convenient, because VS-IPC1002 provides dynamic DNS function.3 System RequirementüLAN: 10Base-T Ethernet / 100BaseTX Fast EthernetüWeb Browser can support ActiveX ,such as Internet Explorer 5.0 or higherüWeb Browser can support Java Applet, such as Firefox 1.5üPC – Intel Pentium III or equivalent, 1GHz or aboveü128MB RAMü800x600 resolution with 16-bit color or above4 Setup ProcedureBefore use VS-IPC1002, please setup according to the following procedures.4.1VS-IPC1002 Power & Network ConnectionStep1: Connect the network cable to the RJ45 network connections portFigure 11 Connecting the Ethernet wireStep2: Connect the power adapter to the VS-IPC1002 power socket and then insert the plug into an available power outlet.Figure 12 connecting the power supply4.2is The current IP address of VS-IPC1002, Network Mask and Gateway will be shown on the LCD panel after 1minute.VS-IPC1002 is available for visiting now. There are two methods for visiting its homepage:1. Run Vilar IP camera management tool “VilarWizard_CN.exe ” in theCD. This software will search for all VS-IPC1002 in your LAN. Select one and then click [visit] to continue.2. Run an Internet Explorer , and input the IP address as shown on the LCDto IE ’s address bar , for example: http://192.168.0.234.CAUTION: Do not use any non-approved power adapter other than the ones which are accessory. This is to prevent any damage of VS-IPC1002.In different country or region, the power supply might be different (110V/220,50Hz/60Hz, please make sure itcorrespond to the tag marked on thepower adapter.4.3 Use Vilar IP camera mangement tool to setupVS-IPC1002Insert the incidental CD into the CD-ROM drive. After run the Vilar IP camera management tool “VilarWizard_CN.exe ”, the interface as follow will pup up.Figure 14 VS-IPC1002 Search ToolThis tool shows all Vilar IP Cameras found on your LAN with its Serial Number/IP Address/Firmware Version. If your Vilar IP camera ’s IP address is not as the same segment of your PC (defined by IP Address and Network Mask, you may not be able to visit your Vilar IP camera. For example, Your PC ’s IP address is 192.168.100.33, network mask is 255.255.255.0, then your PC can visit the IP address from 192.168.100.1 to 192.168.100.255 only, If your Vilar IP camera ’s IP Address is not within this range, you cannot access it. Therefore you can click [Setup IP] button to change Vilar IP camera ’s IP address and adjust it adapting your PC setting.Click [Auto Set], let IPCamSearch tool find an available IP Address for you. Note: VS-IPC1002 by default use fixed (static IP address setting. The default IP addressis :192.168.0.234, Network Mask is255.255.255.0, Gateway is 192.168.0.1Figure 15 Modify Vilar IP camera’s IP AddressClick [OK], and then input administrator’s username and password to continue.Figure 16 Input Administrator’s Username and PasswordInput the correct username and password, and click [OK], then you can see a message box indicating Vilar IP camera’s IP Address has changed(VS-IPC1002 is in static IP mode now.Then you may click [Visit IPCam] to run an Internet Explorer, You can do more configuration by click [System Setup] on homepage of VS-IPC1002.4.4 View the video of VS-IPC1002 on Web Browser You may visit Vilar IP camera ’s homepage by IE or other compatible web browsers.Figure 17 VS-IPC1002 Home PageClick “User Visit ” to view video. You will see a message box which requires your login as shown below.Note: If you don ’t have Vilar IP camera management tool at hand, you may change your PC ’s IP Address to the same segment, according to the IP shown on Vilar IPcamera ’s front LCD. Then you can input Vilar IP camera ’s IP Address into IE ’s address bar to access.Figure 18 Login Message boxInput correct Username and password, then you can view the video.The system will prompt you install the ActiveX control when you use it first time.The follow dialog box will be indicated after you setting the security option of Internet Explorer correctly.Figure 19 IE Security WarningClick [Install] to continue. If you cannot see the message above, you must modify IE’s security configuration.You can follow this procedure to setup IE security configuration:1. Select [Internet Options] in [Tools] menu of IE;2. Switch to [Security] option card;3. Select [Custom Level];4. Setup as the following;a Init and Run unmarked as safety ActiveX controls: Select[Alert];b downloading unsigned ActiveX controls: Select [Alert];c Run ActiveX controls and plug-in: Select [Enable];Figure 20 Security setting for ActiveX Controls5. Click [OK] to save it.In addition the IPCam also can be a “Trusted Sites ”, the setting process as foll ow:1. Select [Internet Options] in [Tools] menu of IE;2. Switch to [Security] option card;Note: You can not download the ActiveX Control without authorization until setup Internet Explorer security configuration properly.3.Select [Trusted Sites];4.Uncheck “√“ before “……https:(S”;5.Input Vilar IP camera’s IP address or URL, for example,http://192.168.0.250 or ;6.Click [Add], [OK] to save.Figure 22 Video webpageThere is a pan/tilt on the top-left of the website. You can click it to move the camera Up/Down/Left/Right; or choosing the right-left cruise, up-down cruise and centered.On the left, you can also select the Resolution, Quality, Brightness, Contrast and Zoom.Resolution can be 640x480, 320x240, and 160x120. The higher resolution, the higher clarity, while requiring more bandwidth.Quality can be “High”, “Standard”or “Low”. “High”consumes largest bandwidth, thus the frame per second will down.If you feel the frame per second (fps is too slow, and want to increase it, you can select “Low” quality and lower resolution. If you hope to see clearer image, you may choose “High” quality and higher resolution.Brightness and Contrast can be changed according to different environment. “+” means add, “-” means reduce. “STD” means a standard (middle value.Zoom will show the video in a scale of half or double. It won’t affect the transport fps or bandwidth.Click [Snapshot] will pop up a new page to snap a static JPEG image, you mayclick right key of mous e and select “save as…” to store it to your computer. Click [History], will pop up a History View Page (You must have inserted CF Card first.Figure 23 History Images ViewUnder the ActiveX Control mode you can save the video on the local hard disk. Left –click the image display area of ActiveX Control, then select the corresponding function by right-click with your mouse.Figure 1 The right-click menu of ActiveX ControlYou can choose the function what you need from option at the bottom of the ActiveX Control as well.Figure 2 The bottom menu of ActiveX ControlThere are two kinds of video format such as IPEG and MPEG4. The video file size as JPEG format is bigger than MPEG4 format.VS-IPC1002 can be installed on the vertical wall by using mounting pedestal. Choosing the observed areas becomes more convenient by adjusting the VS-IPC1002 support platform at any point of view.Step 1. Find a suitable location to mount the camera.Step 2. Using the mounting bracket as a guide, mark the location of the two mounting holes.Step 3. Drill a “¼” hole for each screw.Step 4. Use a hammer to tap the two plastic anchors into the holes.Step 5. Use the two screws to fasten the bracket to the wall.Step 6. Place the camera on the mounting bracket platform and rotate the camera to be facing in the desired direction.Step 7. Secure the camera to the mounting bracket using the thumbscrew located on the bottom of the platform.Step 8. Loosen the tilt adjust thumbscrew and tilt the camera toward the area to be observed.5 System Configuration5.1System statusThis page shows status of the system for diagnose.Figure 26 System Status View5.2User Management““““”Allow Anybody Visit”: VS-IPC1002 provide a Guest Zone, if you checkedthis, any temporally visitors may enter Guest Zone to see the video without enter any username/password. If you unchecked this (default, the visitors have to enter at least a “Guest” permission username/password to visit the “Guest Zone”. At any time, the “User Zone”only allows “User”& “Administrator” permission to visit.”Vilar Backbone”Service Setup: This service as a connection of central server is useful for customer. You can choose start “Vilar Backbone” function and enter the correct user name, password, IP address of server and port information. (Vilar Backbone service depends on the Vlilar Camera addition service provided by network carrier. Please connect your camera dealer to make sure the availability of this service in your area and the relative charge of this service.5.3NetworkFigure 28 Network Setup View5.4Date and TimeFigure 29Date and Time Setup View 5.5VideoFigure 30 Video Setup View5.6JPEG EncryptionFigure 31JPEG Encryption Setup ViewFigure32 Require Password Input in Client Web BrowserFigure 33 Input Password in Web Browser (ActiveXFigure 34 Input Password in Web Browser (Java 5.7E-mailFigure35 E-mail Setup ViewThis section sets up the necessary Email server information. The administrator will have to enter a valid Account Name and Password to the Email server. This information is necessary to allow email notification features.“SMTP Server”: The administrator will have to enter the Email server address here.“Sender’s Email” This will determines Vilar IP camera’s Email address.“Email Requires Authentication”: If checked, the administrator will have to provide the account name and password in order to access the Email server.“E-mail Sender Username”: Enter the account name or login name to the Email server.“E-mail Sender Password”: Enter the password for the above account name.5.8FTPFigure 36 FTP Setup View5.9Sensors and Motion DetectionFigure 37 Sensors and Motion Detection Setup View 5.10Scheduler Trigger Figure 38 Scheduler Trigger Setup View5.11System MaintenanceFigure 39 System Maintenance View 5.12System LogFigure 40 System Log View5.13Guest ZoneFigure 41 “Guest Zone” View6 Visit VS-IPC1002 over INTERNETThe common environment for VS-IPC1002 using as follow:1.In Local Area Network (LAN only.2.Direct connect to INTERNET via xDSL (PPPoE Modem.3.Share one INTERNET connection with other computer, and connect toINTERNET via a gateway or router.Figure 42 Vilar IP camera’s Ap plication EnvironmentIf your LAN is connected to the Internet through a high speed (broadband Internet connection, you can access your cameras by web browser from anywhere on the Internet. To do this you need to:1.Know your WAN (Internet IP address. This is the IP address that yourInternet Service Provider gives you to access the Internet. It may be static (always the same or dynamic (can change from time to time.2.Make sure the router or gateway can visit the VS-IPC1002 through theport 80.3.Make sure your camera’s default gateway is set as your LAN (local IPaddress of your router/gateway.6.1WAN IP AddressThe WAN IP address is necessary when you want connect your home or business network to the internet. The WAN IP address is different from the LANIP address. It can be seeing by outside network, and it is supplied by Internet Service Provider to grant you access the internet.Your WAN IP address is stored by your gateway router which uses it to connect the Internet. All the devices on your network connect to the Internet via your gateway router. You can find your current WAN IP address by checking your router’s status page. Alsothere are various websites such as will help you find your current IP address.The term gateway is used generically to mean the device that connects a local Most a.6.2have6.3All the TCP/IP (internet networks are using software port to connect with each other. The port can be considered as channels of television. Default all the websites are through the channel 80 (port, the websites and the images can be sent via the port 80 to yourbrowser by VS-IPC1002. Therefore this channel (port can received the visiting application without the encumbrance from your router/firewall. You can visit VS-IPC1002 from the external network and those two ports have to transmitting or redirecting on the LAN IP address port by your gateway router. Thus the setting software of your router has to possessing transmission or redirecting function.Before sett ing up port forwarding, it ’s best to configure your VS-IPC1002 to use a static LAN IP since your port forwarding setup will need to be updated if the camera ’s LAN IP addresses changes.6.4 Default Gatewaycorrect request to correspond camera. All the websites requests will be sent to port 80 by browser if the default setting does not change. However the port 80 transmit therequest to one LAN IP address only, therefore all the websites requests on the port 80 will send to that address.The solution of this problem is to set up the router, assign a different port number to each camera. For example, you may set up your second camera to use port 81. When you want to access this camera, you would tell your browser to use port 81, instead of port 80. In your router ’s port forwarding setup, you would need toNote: Forwarding ports to your camera does not pose any additional security risk to your LAN.forward port 81 to the LAN IP address of the second camera. Web page requests arriving at port 81 wi ll automatically be directed to the second camera’s address.To instruct your browser to use a different port, other than 80, to access a web page, you would add the port number at the end of the IP address or URL, separated by a colon. For example, to access a camera on port 81 if your WAN IP address is 210.82.13.21, you would enter http:// 210.82.13.21:81 into your browser’s address bar. You can do the same thing with a URL such as :81.The steps to set up remote access are as follows:The solution to the dynamic IP address problem comes in the form of a dynamic DNS service.The Internet uses DNS servers to lookup domain names and translates them into IP addresses. Domain names, such as , are easy to remember as aliases of IP addresses. A dynamic DNS service is unique because it provides a means of updating your IP address so that your listing will remain current when your IP address changes. There are several excellent DDNS services available on the Internet and best of all most are free to use. Two such services you can use are and . You’llneed to register with the service and set up the domain name of your choice to begin using it. Please refer to the home page of the service for detailed instructions.A DDNS service works by uploading your WAN IP address to its servers periodically. Your gateway-router may support DDNS directly, in which case you can enter your DDNS account information into your router and it will update the DDNSser vers automatically when your IP address changes. Please consult your router’s documentation for more information. If your router does not support DDNS, you can setup the Vilar IP camera’s DDNS client.Figure 43 Typical Network EnvironmentsNow, every LAN devices connect to INTERNET via NAT function provided by IP Sharing Device. However, from the point of remote PC’s view, remote PC see only an IP Sharing Device, it doesn’t know how many PCs existed inside privacy LAN. This IP Sharing Device is also acted as a firewall.Thus, we have changed the setting of IP Sharing Device; let public PC has theopportunity to access LAN devices, e.g. VS-IPC1002.We can achieve this goal by enable Reversal NAT (RNAT function of IP Sharing Device.1.“Virtual Server”: Many routers have “Virtual Server” support. You mustforward the WAN 80 TCP port to LAN Vilar IP camera’s IP and Port. (If you visit 210.82.13.21’s 80 port outside, you will be forward to LAN192.168.0.2’s 80 port.2.Another method is the “DMZ Host”. If enabled to use a LAN device as theDMZ host, the outside PC will be able visit this LAN device directly, as ifanin7 Technical ParametersOtherCPU 32bit ARM@66MHz frequency. SDRAM 16MByte FLASH 4MByte。

Guide_Final_Manuscript

Guide_Final_Manuscript

ICAMMP 2010修改稿上传指南第一步:登陆系统1)请采用Internet Explorer 8.0, 低版本可能导致有些项目数据无法填写。

2)输入网址, 登陆到Trans Tech Publications的网络数据库。

3)点击下图中的“LOGIN”按钮,并输入组委会发送给你的账号和密码。

图1第二步:上传word格式和PDF格式的修改稿(注:如果您曾在ttp出版社发表过文章,链接将会有所不同,必须先点击右上角“participant”按钮,然后才能继续进行下面的步骤)1)单击页面中的”Upload my papers”按钮,进入到如下页面(图2);2)输入您的文章标题,并分别选定你的word格式和PDF格式修改稿;然后点击”Update”; 上传完毕后,您将来到图3所示页面。

你可以单击图3中word文档和PFD文档链接;检查是否能正常打开,并确保PDF文件中论文的全部内容都位于红线框内(图4)。

请注意,如果你的内容位于红线框外,则可能你的word页面边距设置错误。

务必重新修改后上传。

图2图3图4请注意,论文内容不能位于红线框外第三步:签署并上传版权转让协议1)点击链接,下载版权协议书,全部作者签名后,扫描成图片文件或者PDF文件后并上传。

注意:要求论文中的每一位作者都要签署,签名中英文或手写图画均可,下图为示例。

上传后,你可以点击此处链接查看。

图5 全部作者都需要签名第四步:填写全部作者联系信息1)按作者在文中署名次序先后,填写全部作者的联系信息。

点击”Add author”链接, 填写作者姓名和邮件地址(图6),单击“Search”按钮,你将进入到图7所示界面,单击图中的”Set as Author”按钮;将来到图8所示作者信息录入页面,请务必详细填写下图中各项信息。

填写完毕后,单击update按钮。

请按上述方式,依次填写全部作者信息(请注意,不能留空,需全部填写,如不按要求填写,出版社不会接纳您的稿件!)。

图像处理必备英文词汇

图像处理必备英文词汇

Algebraic operation 代数运算一种图像处理运算,包括两幅图像对应像素的和、差、积、商。

Aliasing 走样(混叠)当图像象素间距和图像细节相比太大时产生的一种人工痕迹。

Arc 弧(l)图的一部分(2)表示一段相连曲线的像素集合。

Binary image 二值图像只有两级灰度的数字图像(通常为0和1,黑和白)。

Blur 模糊由于散焦、低通滤波、摄像机运动等引起的图像清晰度的下降。

Border 边框一幅图像的首、未行或列。

Boundary chain code 边界链码定义一个物体边界的方向序列。

Boundary pixel 边界像素至少和一个背景象素相邻接的内部像素(比较:外部像素、内部像素)。

Boundary tracking边界跟踪一种图像分割技术,通过沿弧从一个像素顺序探索到下一个像素的方法将弧检测出来。

Brightness 亮度和图像一个点相关的值,表示从该点的物体发射或反射的光的量。

Change detection 变化检测通过相减等操作将两幅匹准图像的像素加以比较从而检测出其中物体差别的技术。

Class 类见模或类。

Closed curve 封闭曲线一条首尾接于一点的曲线。

Cluster 聚类,集群在空间(如在特征空间)中位置接近的点的集合。

Cluster analysis 聚类分析在空间中对聚类的检测、度量和描述。

Concave 凹的如果说某个物体是“凹的”是指至少存在两个物体内部的点,其连线不能完全包含在物体内部(反义词为凸的)。

Connected 连通的。

Contour encoding 轮廓编码对具有均匀灰度的区域,只将其边界进行编码的一种图像压缩技术。

Contrast 对比度物体平均亮度(或灰度)与其周围背景的差别程度。

Contrast stretch 对比度扩展一种线性的灰度变换。

Convex 凸的指连接物体内部任意两点的直线均落在物体内部。

Convolution 卷积一种将两个函数组合生成第三个函数的运算,卷积刻画了线性移不变系统的运算。

pil常用指令

pil常用指令

pil常用指令PIL(Python Imaging Library)是一个用于图像处理的Python库,提供了丰富的功能和方法来操作图像。

下面是一些常用的PIL指令示例:1. 打开图像:pythonfrom PIL import Imageimage = Image.open("image.jpg")使用`open()`方法打开图像文件,并将其加载为一个`Image`对象。

2. 调整图像尺寸:pythonresized_image = image.resize((new_width, new_height))使用`resize()`方法调整图像的尺寸,传入新的宽度和高度参数,返回一个新的尺寸调整后的图像对象。

3. 裁剪图像:pythoncropped_image = image.crop((left, top, right, bottom))使用`crop()`方法裁剪图像,传入一个表示裁剪区域的元组(left, top, right, bottom),返回一个新的裁剪后的图像对象。

4. 旋转图像:pythonrotated_image = image.rotate(angle)使用`rotate()`方法旋转图像,传入角度参数,返回一个新的旋转后的图像对象。

5. 调整图像亮度、对比度:pythonfrom PIL import ImageEnhanceenhancer = ImageEnhance.Brightness(image)brightened_image = enhancer.enhance(factor)使用`ImageEnhance`类和`Brightness`方法调整图像的亮度,传入一个亮度因子(小于1降低亮度,大于1增加亮度),返回一个新的亮度调整后的图像对象。

6. 转换图像格式:pythonimage.save("output.png", "PNG")使用`save()`方法保存图像为指定格式,传入保存路径和文件格式参数。

graphic for manuscript格式 -回复

graphic for manuscript格式 -回复

graphic for manuscript格式-回复如何使用manuscript 格式进行排版。

讨论包括使用什么软件、设置页面、字体格式、段落格式、标题格式等等。

使用manuscript 格式进行排版是一种常见且受欢迎的方式,尤其是在学术界和出版领域。

本文将以使用manuscript 格式为主题,一步一步回答如何进行排版的问题。

第一步:选择适当的软件要使用manuscript 格式进行排版,您可以选择使用不同的软件,包括常见的文字处理软件如Microsoft Word、Google Docs 或者专业排版软件如Adobe InDesign。

任何文本编辑软件都可以使用manuscript 格式进行排版,但具有更多高级功能的软件可能会更方便。

第二步:设置页面格式在开始排版之前,您需要设置页面格式。

通常,manuscript 格式要求页面尺寸为标准A4 或美国信纸大小,并包括边距。

标准配置是上下左右都有2.54 厘米(1 英寸)的边距。

您可以在软件的页面设置中进行这些调整。

第三步:选择适当的字体格式manuscript 格式通常要求使用特定的字体并遵循特定的字体格式。

标准要求是使用Times New Roman 或Arial 字体,字号为12 磅。

段落的行间距应为1.5 倍行距,而脚注的字号可以更小一些。

第四步:设置段落格式manuscript 格式通常包含特定的段落格式。

每个新段落的开头应该有一个缩进,一般为1.27 厘米(0.5 英寸)。

你可以在软件的段落设置中找到这一选项。

另外,通常要求在段落之间使用空行进行分隔。

第五步:设置标题格式manuscript 格式还包括特定的标题格式。

在标题中使用的字体应与正文中的字体相匹配,但通常采用稍大的字号(例如14 或16 磅)。

标题的格式取决于标题的级别,例如一级标题通常为粗体加大写字母,二级标题为斜体加大写字母。

第六步:插入页眉和页脚根据特定要求,manuscript 格式可能需要在页面的顶部或底部插入页眉和/或页脚。

番茄花园

番茄花园
12.getmask
13.getoutline
24.ImageMath 模块 (PIL Plus)
1.例子
2.函数
1.eval
3.表达式语法
1.运算符
2.内建函数
25.第三部分:工具手册
26.pildriver 工具
1.例子
2.The PILDriver Class
3.方法
4.pilconvert 工具
3
format 属性表示图像的原始格式。如果图像不是从文件中读取的,则它被设置成 None。size 属性是一个2元组,表示图像的宽度和高度 (以像素为单位)。mode 属性定义图像的色彩通道的数量与名字,同时也包括像素的类型和颜色深度信息。通常来说,灰度图像的mode是"L" (luminance),真彩色图像的mode是 "RGB" ,而用来打印的图像的mode是"CMYK"。
4size =128,128
5
6forinfileinsys.argv[1:]:
7outfile = os.path.splitext(infile)[0] +".thumbnail"
8ifinfile != outfile:
9try:
10im = Image.open(infile)
11im.thumbnail(size)
4.坐标系统
5.调色板
6.信息
7.滤波器
4.第二部分:模块手册
5.Image 模块
1.例子
2.函数
1.new
2.open
3.blend
posite
5.eval
6.frombuffer

graphic for manuscript格式 -回复

graphic for manuscript格式 -回复

graphic for manuscript格式-回复以下是一份关于manuscript格式的文章,内容包括了一个详细的解释和指导。

文章长度在1500-2000字之间。

标题:Manuscript格式:以图文并茂的指导导言:无论是学术研究、专业写作还是其他文本创作,manuscript格式都扮演着至关重要的角色。

一个规范且易读的格式,能够使读者更好地理解和导航文本内容。

本文将逐步介绍如何设置和应用manuscript格式,帮助读者更好地理解和使用它。

第一步:页边距和页面布局manuscript格式要求设置标准的页边距。

通常,上、下、左、右的边距应分别为1英寸(2.54厘米)。

页面布局应是单栏式,且在A4或Letter 尺寸上进行。

第二步:字体和字号在manuscript格式中,选择一个易读和专业的字体非常重要。

常用的选择包括Times New Roman、Arial或Calibri等。

至于字号,正文中的一般使用12号字,并且标题可以设置为14号或16号字。

第三步:行间距和缩进行间距应该设置为1.5倍行距,这样可以使得文本更加易读。

同时,请注意设置段落缩进。

通常,一个段落的缩进为0.5英寸(1.27厘米),以便于区分不同段落之间的内容。

第四步:页眉和页脚页眉和页脚在manuscript格式中也很重要,因为它们提供了文档的关键信息,如标题、作者和页码。

页眉在页面的上方,可以包含文档标题或缩写。

页脚位于页面的下方,可以包含页码和其他相关信息。

第五步:标题和子标题在manuscript格式中,标题和子标题应该有明确的层次结构。

通常,使用粗体、居中对齐的方式设置主标题,并用合适的字号突出显示。

子标题则可以使用斜体、缩进或小字号进行区分。

第六步:段落和首行缩进请务必在manuscript格式中正确设置段落格式。

每个段落应该有适当的间距和毫不费力的阅读体验。

同时,请设置首行缩进,以使得段落之间的过渡更加流畅。

第七步:图表和标注图表是manuscript格式中常用的元素,在明确而准确地传递复杂信息方面起到重要作用。

python,使用PIL库对图片进行操作

python,使用PIL库对图片进行操作

python,使⽤PIL库对图⽚进⾏操作在做识别验证码时,需要对验证码图⽚进⾏⼀些处理,所以就学习了⼀下PIL的知识,下⾯是我总结的⼀些常⽤⽅法。

注明:图⽚的操作都需要Image库,所以要使⽤import Image导⼊库1.打开图⽚import Imageimg=Image.open("code.jpg")注:有些图⽚名称是包含中⽂的,就需要在“”前加上u,例:img=Image.open(u"阿布.jpg")以下各个操作均是基于原图进⾏的修改,原图为:2.展⽰图⽚img.show()3.打印图⽚信息print img.mode,img.size,img.format打印结果如下:RGB (508, 493) JPEG4.保存图⽚img.save("img1.png","png")说明:img为⼀个图⽚,存为⼀个名叫img1的图⽚,格式为png。

后⾯的png不写也可以,直接按照⽂件名的后缀.png存为相应格式了。

5.创建⼀个新的图⽚import ImagenewImg = Image.new("RGBA",(640,480),(0,255,0))newImg.save("newImg.png","PNG")结果如下:说明:“RGBA”为图⽚的mode,(640,480)为图⽚尺⼨,(0,255,0)为图⽚颜⾊,颜⾊第四位为alpha值,可填可不填。

6.改变图⽚尺⼨smallimg=img.resize((128,128),Image.ANTIALIAS)说明:(128,128)为更改后的尺⼨,Image.ANTIALIAS有消除锯齿的效果。

没有消除锯齿的效果如下图:消除了锯齿的效果如下图:7.图⽚类型转换convertimg=img.convert("RGBA")说明:将img图⽚的mode转换为"RGBA"格式8.img.split()分割通道bands=img.split()rIm=bands[0]gIm=bands[1]bIm=bands[2]aIm=bands[3]说明:将img代表的图⽚分割通道。

getimagepositionpatient()

getimagepositionpatient()

getImagePositionPatient()是一个函数,通常在医学图像处理中使用,用于获取图像相对于患者身体的位置。

这个函数可能是在一个医学成像设备或相关软件中定义的。

这个函数通常会返回一个包含三个元素的向量,表示图像在患者身体中的三维位置。

这些元素可能是以毫米或厘米为单位的x、y、z坐标。

例如,getImagePositionPatient()可能返回一个向量[50, 100, 200],表示图像在患者身体中的位置。

具体含义可能因设备和使用的坐标系统而异,但通常这些值可以用来确定图像相对于患者身体的位置。

请注意,具体的实现和使用可能因设备和软件的不同而有所差异。

如果你在使用这个函数时遇到问题,建议查阅相关设备或软件的用户手册或开发者文档以获取更详细的信息。

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Manuscript Submission Guidelines:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Part C1.Peer review policy2.Article types3.How to submit your manuscript4.Journal contributor’s publishing agreement4.1 SAGE Choice5.Declaration of conflicting interests policy6.Other conventions7.Acknowledgments7.1F unding acknowledgement8.Permissions9.Manuscript style9.1 File types9.2 Journal style9.3 Reference style9.4 Manuscript preparation9.4.1 Keywords and abstracts: Helping readers find your articleonline9.4.2 Corresponding author contact details9.4.3 Guidelines for submitting artwork, figures and other graphics9.4.4 Guidelines for submitting supplemental files9.4.5 English language editing services10.10.1 Proofs10.2 E-Prints and complimentary copies10.3 SAGE production10.4 OnlineFirst publication11. Further information1. Peer review policySubmissions to the journal are assessed by independent referees who make recommendations on the suitability of the articles for publication. We are committed to providing timely assessment of articles and authors are informed of the publication decision as soon as possible.It should be noted that our refereeing process is single-blind, that is, the referees remain anonymous and their identities are not released to authors. The referees, however, are informed of the authors’ names and affiliations.Back to top2. Article typesThe Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science publishes original papers that advance understanding of both the fundamentals of engineering science and its application to the solution of problems in mechanical engineering systems, machines and components. It is particularly concerned with the demonstration of engineering science solutions to specific industrial problems. The Journal has an international reputation for excellence and is regarded as core material for every engineering collection.Article TypesPaper: Describes a piece of complete or substantially complete research, orsome aspect of design development, manufacture, operation and maintenance, or engineering educationReview: A critical review of the state-of-the-art with examples of applications in design and profitable manufacture without extensive analysisCase Study: Describes the application of a technique, procedure or management concept in a real situationFast-track Communication: An article in this section should be of current interest or leading edge research deserving rapid publication. Brevity alone does not qualify an article for rapid publication.Technical Note: A short, interim statement on a research project or descriptionof some new developmentLength1.In general, Technical Papers, Review Papers and Case Studies should notnormally exceed 5000 words (with up to 10 illustrations). Longer articleswill be considered, however, as our criterion is that the content justifiesthe length of the article.2.Technical Notes should not exceed 1500 words and 5 illustrations.3.Fast-track Communications should be brief (up to 2000 words and 4illustrations). If a Fast-track Communication exceeds this, the author(s)will be asked to shorten the article.4.Discussions on papers already published should not exceed 500 words and2 illustrations.Back to top3. How to submit your manuscriptWe have a fully-integrated online submission and peer review system for Journal of Engineering Manufacture. To submit to the journal, either click on 'Submit' link on this page or go directly to /.We would welcome suggestions of at least four appropriate referees. This will assist us in enhancing our referee database and one or more of your suggestions may be asked to review your submission.Back to top4. Journal contributor’s publishing agreementBefore publication SAGE requires the author as the rights holder to sign a Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement. SAGE’s Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement is an exclusive licence agreement which means that the author retains copyright in the work but grants SAGE the sole and exclusive right and licence to publish for the full legal term of copyright. Exceptions may exist where an assignment of copyright is required or preferred by a proprietor other than SAGE. In this case copyright in the work will be assigned from the author to Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd (PEP). For more information please visit our Frequently Asked Questions on the SAGE Journal Author Gateway.4.1 SAGE ChoiceIf you wish your article to be freely available online immediately upon publication (as some funding bodies now require), you can opt for it to be included in SAGEChoice subject to payment of a publication fee. The manuscript submission andpeer reviewing procedure is unchanged. On acceptance of your article, you will be asked to let SAGE know directly if you are choosing SAGE Choice. For furtherinformation, please visit SAGE Choice.Back to top5. Declaration of conflicting interestsWithin your Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement you will be required tomake a certification with respect to a declaration of conflicting interests. It is thepolicy of Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science to require a declaration of conflicting interests from all authors enabling a statement to be carried within the paginated pages of all published articles.Please include any declaration at the end of your manuscript after any acknowledgements and prior to the references, under a heading ‘Declaration of Conflicting Interests’. If no declaration is made the following will be printed under this heading in your article: ‘None Declared’. Alternatively, you may wish to state that ‘The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest’.When making a declaration the disclosure information must be specific and include any financial relationship that all authors of the article has with any sponsoring organization and the for-profit interests the organization represents, and with any for-profit product discussed or implied in the text of the article.Any commercial or financial involvements that might represent an appearance of a conflict of interest need to be additionally disclosed in the covering letter accompanying your article to assist the Editor in evaluating whether sufficient disclosure has been made within the Declaration of Conflicting Interests provided in the article.For more information please visit the SAGE Journal Author Gateway.Back to top6. Other conventionsNon-applyAcknowledgements7.Any acknowledgements should appear first at the end of your article prior to your Declaration of Conflicting Interests (if applicable), any notes and your References.All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an `Acknowledgements’ section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.7.1 Funding AcknowledgementTo comply with the guidance for Research Funders, Authors and Publishers issued by the Research Information Network (RIN), Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science additionally requires all Authors to acknowledge their funding in a consistent fashion under a separate heading. All research articles should have a funding acknowledgement in the form of a sentence as follows, with the funding agency written out in full, followed by the grant number in square brackets:This work was supported by the Medical Research Council [grant number xxx].Multiple grant numbers should be separated by comma and space. Where the research was supported by more than one agency, the different agencies should be separated by semi-colon, with “and” before the final funder. Thus:This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Natural Environment Research Council [grant number zzzz];and the Economic and Social Research Council [grant number aaaa].In some cases, research is not funded by a specific project grant, but rather from the block grant and other resources available to a university, college or other research institution. Where no specific funding has been provided for the research we ask that corresponding authors use the following sentence:This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Please include this information under a separate heading entitled “Funding” directly after any other Acknowledgements prior to your “Declaration of Conflicting Interests” (if applicable), any Notes and your References.Important note: If you have any concerns that the provision of this information may compromise your anonymity dependent on the peer review policy of this journal outlined above, you can withhold this information until final accepted manuscript.For more information on the guidance for Research Funders, Authors and Publishers, please visit: /funders-acknowledgementBack to topPermissions8.Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from copyright holders for reproducing any illustrations, tables, figures or lengthy quotations previously published elsewhere. For further information including guidance on fair dealing for criticism and review, please visit our Frequently Asked Questions on the SAGE Journal Author Gateway.Back to topstyle9.Manuscript9.1 File typesOnly electronic files conforming to the journal's guidelines will be accepted. Preferred formats for the text and tables of your manuscript are Word DOC, RTF, XLS. LaTeX files are also accepted. Please also refer to additional guidelines on submitting artwork [and supplemental files] below.9.2 Journal StyleJournal of Mechanical Engineering Science conforms to the SAGE house style. Click here to review guidelines on SAGE UK House Style.9.3 Reference StyleJournal of Mechanical Engineering Science adheres to the SAGE Vancouver reference style. Click here to review the guidelines on SAGE Vancouver to ensure your manuscript conforms to this reference style.The Journal should be cited in the following way:Proc. IMechE, Part C: J. Mechanical Engineering ScienceIf you use EndNote to manage references, download the SAGE Vancouver outputfile by following this link and save to the appropriate folder (normally for WindowsC:\Program Files\EndNote\Styles and for Mac OS X Harddrive:Applications:EndNote:Styles). Once you’ve done this, open EndNote and choose “Select Another Style...” from the dropdown menu in the menu bar; locate and choose this new style from the following screen.9.4. Manuscript PreparationThe text should be double-spaced throughout and with a minimum of 3cm for leftand right hand margins and 5cm at head and foot. Text should be standard 10 or12 point.9.4.1 Your Title, Keywords and Abstracts: Helping readers find yourarticle onlineThe title, keywords and abstract are key to ensuring readers find your article online through online search engines such as Google. Please refer to the information and guidance on how best to title your article, write your abstract and select your keywords by visiting SAGE’s Journal Author Gateway Guidelines on How to Help Readers Find Your Article Online.9.4.2 Corresponding Author Contact detailsProvide full contact details for the corresponding author including email, mailing address and telephone numbers. Academic affiliations are required for all co-authors. These details should be presented separately to the main text of the article to facilitate anonymous peer review.9.4.3 Guidelines for submitting artwork, figures and other graphicsFor guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format, please visit SAGE’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines.If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, these figures will appear in colour online regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. If a charge applies you will be informed by your SAGE Production Editor. For specifically requested colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from SAGE after receipt of your accepted article.Mathematical: All vectors and matrices should be shown in bold type. Avoid confusion between ambiguous characters and take care to ensure that subscripts and superscripts are clear. Numbers below 10 should be written out in the text unless used in conjunction with units (e.g. three apples, 4 kg). Full points (not commas) should be used for decimals. For numbers less than one,a nought should be inserted before the decimal point. Use spaces (notcommas) within numbers (e.g. 10 000, 0.125 275). Equations should be numbered sequentially within each main section, e.g. (3.2) for the second equation in section 3, with labels on the right hand side of the page. This is easily done in LaTeX by inserting the following commands in the preamble\usepackage{amsmath}\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}\numberwithin{equation}{section}9.4.4 Guidelines for submitting supplemental filesThis journal is able to host approved supplemental materials online, alongside the full-text of articles. Supplemental files will be subjected to peer-reviewalongside the article. For more information please refer to SAGE’s Guidelines for Authors on Supplemental Files.9.4.5 English Language Editing servicesNon-English speaking authors who would like to refine their use of language in their manuscripts might consider using a professional editing service. Visit /authors/journal/submission.sp for further information.Back to top10. After acceptance10.1 ProofsWe will email a PDF of the proofs to the corresponding author.10.2 E-Prints and Complimentary CopiesSAGE provides authors with access to a PDF of their final article. For further information please visit /authors/journal/reprint.sp. We additionally provide the corresponding author with a complimentary copy ofthe print issue in which the article appears up to a maximum of 5 copies for onward supply by the corresponding author to co-authors.10.3 SAGE ProductionAt SAGE we work to the highest production standards. We attach great importance to our quality service levels in copy-editing, typesetting, printing, and online publication (/). We also seek to uphold excellent author relations throughout the publication process.We value your feedback to ensure we continue to improve our author service levels. On publication all corresponding authors will receive a brief survey questionnaire on your experience of publishing in Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science with SAGE.10.4 OnlineFirst PublicationJournal of Mechanical Engineering Science benefits from OnlineFirst, a feature offered through SAGE’s electronic journal platform, SAGE Journals Online. It allows final revision articles (completed articles in the queue for assignment to an upcoming issue) to be hosted online prior to their inclusion in a final print and online journal issue, which significantly reduces the lead time between submissionand publication. For more information please visit our OnlineFirst Fact SheetBack to top11. Further informationAny correspondence, queries or additional requests for information on the Manuscript Submission process should be sent to the Editorial Office as follows: Managing EditorSAGE Publications Ltd1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City RoadLondon, EC1Y 1SPUKEmail: jmechengsci@Back to top。

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