考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)
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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)
题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary
Structure and V ocabulary
1.To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.
A.develop
B.introduce
C.exercise
D.utilize
正确答案:D
解析:utilize/-ise vt.利用,使用(如:Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。
develop vt.开发,研制;发展,形成。
introduce vt.引进,传入;介绍。
exercise vt.运用,行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。
2.There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)
A.utter
B.sole
C.intimate
D.corresponding
正确答案:A
解析:本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。
A项“utter 全然的,绝对的”符合题意,如:What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的,唯一的:intimate亲密的,隐私的:corresponding相应的,通信的”都不正确。
3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)
A.evacuated
B.empty
C.vacant
D.vacate
正确答案:C
解析:四个选项的意思分别是:evacuated撤退者的;empty空的,指里面什么东西都没有,如:The ease is empty.(这是个空箱子。
);vacant空闲的,指地方没有被占用;vacate是动词,表示“腾出,空出”。
题目问“这个区域有没有空闲的公寓”,所以正确答案是C选项。
4.His compass proved______ to him when he was lost in unknown country.
A.precious
B.precise
C.valuable
D.preferable
正确答案:C
解析:valuable a.宝贵的;贵重的,有价值的。
precious a.珍贵的,贵重的。
precise a.精确的,准确的。
preferable(to)a.更可取的,更好的,更合意的。
5.With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck ______.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题)
A.scatter
B.vanish
C.abandon
D.fly away
正确答案:B
解析:本题空格处是说“魔术师使鸭子消失了”。
B项“vanish消失,突然不见”符合题意。
其他三项“scatter分散,散开,撒开,驱散;abandon放弃,遗弃;fly away飞走”都不正确。
6.His family watched until the plane ______ behind the clouds.(2011年南京大学考博试题)
A.lost
B.escaped
C.fled
D.vanished
正确答案:D
解析:各选项的意思是:lost遗失,失败;escaped逃脱,逃跑,漏出;fled 逃走;vanished消失,突然不见。
根据句意可知,答案是D。
7.He is a man of a______ mood; he never finishes what he starts.
A.different
B.various
C.distinctive
D.variable
正确答案:D
解析:variable a.易变的,反复不定的;可变的,变量的。
different(from)a.不同的。
various a.各种不同的,多种多样的。
distinctive a.明显不同的,特别的,突出的。
8.The weatherman broadcasts the ______in temperature twice a day.
A.diversion
B.variety
C.variation
D.modification
正确答案:C
解析:variation n.变化,变动;(生物的)变种,变异。
diversion n.转移,转向:(修路时的)临时支路。
variety n.变化,多样化;种种,多种多样;品种,变种。
modification n.修改;修改之处。
9.The remarkable ______ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
A.classification
B.diversion
C.density
D.variety
正确答案:D
解析:variety n.多样性,种种,多种多样;变化,多样化;品种,变种(a variety of各种各样的,多种多样的)。
classification n.分级,分类。
diversion n.转移,转向:临时支路。
density n.密集,稠密;密度。
10.The goals and desires______ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.(2002年上海交通大学考博试题)
A.swing
B.vary
C.distinguish
D.transfer
正确答案:B
解析:本题空格处是说很大差异。
B项“vary变化,不同,有差异(主语多为物)”符合题意。
如:The weather varies from day today.(天气一天天变化。
)其他三项“swing摇摆;distinguish区别,辨认(主语多为人);transfer转移”都不正确。
11.Many animals are on the______of disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos can provide them with a safe place to live and breed.(2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)
A.range
B.verge
C.part
D.link
正确答案:B
解析:A项“range”意为“山脉,排、行、走向”;B项“verge”意为“边,边沿,边缘”;C项“part”意为“一部分,组成部分”;D项“link”意为“连接,纽带”,句意是许多动物濒临灭绝,因此选择B项。
12.In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be______. (中国科学院2013年10月试题)
A.duplicated
B.perceived
C.acquired
D.verified
正确答案:D
解析:A项“duplicate”意为“复制”;B项“perceive”意为“感知,感受”:C项“acquire”意为“取得,获得”;D项“verify”意为“证明、证实,核实、查清”,本句是说需要验证他们的声音,因此选择D项。
13.The old man was remarkably ______. He was a musician, engineer, writer and philosopher.(2004年上海理工大学考博试题)
A.unilateral
B.universal
C.audacious
D.versatile
正确答案:D
解析:本题前半句是说这位老人非常的多才多艺。
D项的“versatile多才多艺的”符合题意。
其他三项“unilateral单边的;universal普遍的;audacious大胆创新的,鲁莽的”都不正确。
14.The newspaper gave a very different ______of what took place.
A.amount
B.version
C.variety
D.saying
正确答案:B
解析:version n.(对故事的)说法,描绘:版本,译本,改写本。
amount n.数量,数额,总数。
variety n.种种,多种多样(a variety of);变化,多样化;品种,变种。
saying n.俗话,成语;格言,口头禅。
15.The minister is too much of a______ in the world of politics to care much about what his opponents say.
A.senior
B.vet
C.character
D.veteran
正确答案:D
解析:veteran n.老手,老兵,老资格。
16.A______ exercise such as running is helpful to our health.
A.rigorous
B.vigorous
C.precious
D.continuous
正确答案:B
解析:vigorous a.有力的,用力的;精力:充沛的。
17.The United States incurs world-wide condemnation because it______ the international law of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries.
A.violates
B.insults
C.abuses
D.denies
正确答案:A
解析:violate vt.违反,违背,违犯。
insult vt.侮辱,辱骂。
abuse vt.辱骂;滥用(权力)。
deny vt.否定,否认。
18.With the boss out sick, the bookkeeper is______in charge.
A.really
B.exactly
C.obviously
D.virtually
正确答案:D
解析:virtually ad.实际上,事实上(虽然不是名义上)。
exactly ad.确切地,准确地。
obviously ad.显然地,明显地。
19.Scientists are______certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of theshark.(2003年3月中国科学院考博试题)
A.dubiously
B.virtually
C.queerly
D.randomly
正确答案:B
解析:本题空格处是说几乎确信无疑。
B项“virtually几乎,事实上,实际上”符合题意。
其他三项“dubiously怀疑地;queerly奇怪地;randomly随机地,无目的地”在语义上都无法与certain搭配。
20.Melissa is a computer______ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.(2004年中国人民大学考博试题) A.genius
B.virus
C.disease
D.bacteria
正确答案:B
解析:本题空格处讲的是Melissa是一种电脑病毒。
computer virus的意思是“电脑病毒”:genius的意思是“天才、天赋”;disease的意思是“疾病”:bacteria 的意思是“细菌”。
只有B项答案题意。
21.As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became______to the climbers.
A.obvious
B.visible
C.present
D.apparent
正确答案:B
解析:visible(to sb.)a.看得见的,可见的,有形的。
obvious a.显然的,明显的。
present a.出席的,到场的(作表语或后置定语);现在的,目前的(作定语)。
apparent a.显然的,明明白白的:表面上的,貌似(真实)的。
22.In the Americans’ minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will______stiffen and their mariner will become cool.(2011年南京师范大学考博试题) A.visibly
B.tragically
C.uneasily
D.tremendously
正确答案:A
解析:句子的大意为:在美国人的心目中,有其他人根本不得跨跃的边界。
当有人越过界限,美国人将会变得明显冷酷无情。
A项visibly“明显地”;B项tragically“悲惨地”:C项uneasily“不安地”:D项tremendously“大大地”。
A 最合理,所以A项符合题意。
23.Three people______to help decorate the gym for the dance.
A.inclined
B.rejected
C.volunteered
D.intended
正确答案:C
解析:volunteer v.自愿(做);自愿提供。
24.Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly______ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题)
A.subjective
B.subordinate
C.liable
D.vulnerable
正确答案:D
解析:本题中,D项“vulnerable易受攻击的,易受……的攻击”符合题意。
其他三项“subjective主观的,个人的;subordinate次要的,从属的,下级的;liable 有责任的,有义务的,易……的”都不正确。
25.This policy gave ______ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.(2002年上海交通大学考博试题)
A.life
B.birth
C.way
D.death
正确答案:C
解析:本题空格处是说“承认私人财产”。
give way to的意思是“让步,承认”;give birth to的意思是“产生”,因此C项符合题意。