浙江大学学士学位英语考试语法资料整理5.主谓一致到代词

七、主谓一致重点
1．主语是相当于名词的不定式、从句、动名词时，谓语动词要用单数
Teaching languages is an interesting job.
That the earth is round has been proved true.
When they go to the factory to have practice has not been told them so far.
so far现在完成时标志词，等于to date=as yet 翻译成：到目前为止、迄今。

How close parents are to their children ___ B __ a strong influence in the character of the children.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
2．事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品名称作主语，谓语用单数：
The United States was formed in 1776.
The New York Times纽约时报 still has a wide circulation.
3．表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语，谓语动词习惯上用单数：
Two weeks was too long.
Ten dollars is a small sum.
4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的复数名称作主语，谓语用单数：
Economics经济学studies the ways which determine the economic phenomena.
Measles（麻疹）is a disease to take seriously.
`谓语动词----涉及第三人称单数---在该动词后加-s
5．Chinese, English, French, Japanese等指语言时，谓语用单数；指人民时，用复数：
Chinese is a difficult language.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
6．“The +形容词或分词”表示一类的复数。

The young are full of vigor=energy活力、朝气.
The injured were taken to hospital.
The injured man/woman was taken to hospital
7．由and连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

He and I are great friends.
但下列情况谓语动词用单数
a.and 所连接的主语表示“单一的人或物”时：
A writer and educator has visited our school.一位作家兼教育家，一
eg. 1) If law and order __ is__ (be) not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
2) The iron and steel钢铁 industry ___ A ___ an important part in our national economy.
A. plays
B. played
C. play
D. playing
3) The owner and editor of the newspaper __ C ____ the conference.
A. were attending
B. were to attend
C. is to attend
D. are to attend
注：如果两个由 and 连接的名词前都有冠词，或者两个名词单复数不一致，则谓语用复数：
visited our school.一位作家和一位
教育家参观了我们的学校
have visited our school. 一位作家和许多
教育家参观了我们的学校
b.由and 连接的主语前有every/each/no等形容词时,谓语
动词一定用单数。

Every boy and (every) girl is eager to learn English.
No teacher and (no) student was present.
8．主语用or 或nor 连接时，谓语与“后面”（最近）的主语保持一致：---就近原则
Either he or I am in the wrong.
Neither he nor you are in the wrong.
Are you or he to blame?
9．下列情况，谓语动词跟B 保持一致：---就近原则
are in the wrong.
Not only you but als he is in the wrong.
Not you but I am to blame.不是你而是我要受到责备。

10．下列情况，谓语动词跟A一致：
A with
B A和B
A, together with B, A一道B
A, along with B, A 陪同B
A, accompanied by B, A包括B
A, including B, 谓语动词与__________一致
A, no less than B, A不少于B
A as well as
B A 和 B
A except / but
B A 除了B，不包括除去的那一部分
A besides
B A除了B，包括除去的那一部分
The bat together with the balls was stolen.
You as well as he are wrong.
Nobody but you has made a mistake.（除了你以外没人犯错误。

）
11．下列场合，视实际情况而定：
Some of 一些
Most of 大部分
Half of 一半单数可数名词或不可数名词→谓语动词用______单数______
Part of 部分 +
Plenty of 许多复数名词→谓语动词用__________复数______
The rest of 其余的
A lot of 许多
One third of 三分之一的…（分数表示法：分子用基数词分母用序数词；分子是2以上的分母用复数）
三分之二：two thirds of
Most of my friends are diligent.
Most of my time is spent in reading.
12． many a +单数可数名词→谓语动词用单数
many + 复数可数名词→谓语动词用复数
Many a student is here. = Many students are here.
13．某些不定代词，如：anybody, somebody, anyone, someone, everybody, nobody, anything,
something, nothing, everything, no one=none= nobody. 作主语时，谓语用单数：
Everything around us is matter.
Somebody有人is using the telephone.
14．集合名词作主语时，取决于其意义：
表示“整体”时→谓语动词用单数
表示其中的“个体成员”时→谓语动词用复数
The family is the basic unit of our society.
T he family were watching TV then.
/team队，组, …这
几个一定要记住，常考。

The police are chasing追赶 a chief.
The policeman is chasing a chief.
The police is the law enforcing organization警察是执法机构15．More than 接数量单词表示超过+ 单数可数名词→谓语动词用单数
复数名词→谓语动词用复数
More than one person不止一个人is involved in this case.
More than three hundred people are working in this company.
16．定语从句中的主谓一致：
1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语与先行词保持一致：The person who关系代词gets there first is served first.
2）“one of + 复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语用__复数__________：This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.
Jane is one of those persons who always____think___(think)they are right.
That is one of those remarks that _are_____ (be)intended to start arguments.
﹡但是，当one 前面有the only 等修饰时，定语从句中谓语用单数：
She is the only one of those girls who _____ (be) willing to take
a make-up exam.
1.4.6.7.9.10.11.1
2.14.16非常重要
八、介词
1. It’s beyond my power固定搭配to make final decision on the matter. 关于这件事情我无权作最终的决定。

A. off
B. outside
C. above
D. beyond
beyond超过，在…以外；
beyond one’s power权力力量-----在某人权力以外/无权
beyond one’s dream 做梦都想不到
beyond one’s ability没有能力作，在能力以外
beyond one’s reach 够不着：
you should put the medicine beyond the children’s reach你应该把药放在小孩够不着的地方。

beyond one’s comprehension理解----不能理解，无法理解
2. ___ On ___ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.
A. At
B. On
C. With
D. During
On/upon +名词相当于as soon as/when（刚...就…；当……）引导的时间状语从句
3. __ For ____ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.
A. At
B. For
C. In
D. On
For all 固定搭配=despite=in spite of=regrardless of=ireespective of 翻译成尽管、不管、不顾，引导转折、让步关系的介词，单独用
4. Modern man faces dangers completely unknown __ to ____ his predecessors 祖先.
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. by
Be knowen for 因…而出名
Be knowen to 对于…来说，为…而熟知
Be unknown to为…所不熟知
5. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ___ to __ me.
A. to
B. for
C. of
D. with
in debt to 欠某人的钱
6. Before the students set off出发启程, they spent much time setting a limit _____ the expenses of the trip.给旅行的开支设定一个限度
A. to
B. about
C. in
D. for
Set a limit to 给…设定一个限度
注意：表示“防止、禁止”等语意的动词:
protect（保护）
prevent（防止）
stop（阻止）
prohibit（禁止）
inhibit（禁止）
ban（禁止） + 宾语 + ___from __doing_____
bar（禁止）
restrain（限制）
refrain（抑制）
dissuade（劝阻）
discourage（使气馁）
属于这类语意的动词群中，唯一例外的是：forbid（禁止），其用法如下：
forbid sb. to do sth. [forbid, forbade / forbad, forbidden ]
另外：persuad e sb. to do sth. 说服某人去做
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做
dissuade from __doing劝阻他不要做
persuad e sb. to do sth.劝阻他去做
discourage from __doing丧失勇气不去做
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励勇气而去做
九、代词
1．由and 连接的两个先行词，代词用复数：
The tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident.
2．由either…or; neither…nor…; not only … but also…; or连接的先行词，如果两个先行词在数和性上是一致的，就用其相应一致的人
称代词；如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词与邻近的先行词
在数和性上保持一致：
Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.
Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination.
Neither the letters nor the package包裹 has reached its destination目的地.
3．当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody作主语或主语的限定词时，其相应的代词
用单数形式：
Everybody talked at the top of his voice.
None of the boys can do it, can he?
Nobody wants to go there, does he?
4．Everything, anything, something, nothing之类的不定代词作主语，句中相应的代词用单数形式，即“it”：
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
Something strange happened, didn’t it?
5．常用的反身代词短语：
1) beside oneself 发疯发狂beside s 介词
John is beside himself with anger.
2) (all) by oneself独自一个人，独立地
Are you all by yourself? (= alone)孤单的一个人
Did you do your homework by yourself? (= without help)独立
3) for oneself 两层含义，①独立的= by oneself ②亲自
He is old enough to do it for himself. (= without help)独立
You’d better go and see for yourself. (= in person)亲自
6
_______ of the two books holds the opinion 观点 that the
danger of nuclear war is increasing.
A. None
The medicine is on sale 打折 everywhere. You can get it at _____ chemist ’s.
A. each
B. some
7． The other, the others, another 的用法：
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
one the other one the others one
another
1) 固定的两个中，任取其一为one ，所余者为the other 。

Though Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in
A B
other another*, he became an internationally renowned jazz
musician.
C D
2) 三个以上时，任取其一为one ，所余者为the others (= the rest)。

One of them was a boy; the others were girls.
3) 三个以上时，任取其一为one ，再任取其一为another ，表示“又一”。

Won ’t you have another cup of tea?
注意：another 只能接单数可数名词，other 则可以接复数名词和不可数名词。

再如：
another sources (×) → 将another 改为other
another information (×) → 将another 改为other
4) 表示“互相”，两者间用each other ，三者以上之间用one another ：
The two brothers quarrel with each other . (= between them)
The three brothers quarrel with one another . (= among them) 重新归纳为：
①one…;the other一个…，另一个…表明这个集合当中只有两者
②one…;the others一个…，另一些…表明这个集合当中有三者以上
③one…;another；一个…又一个…表明这个集合当中有三者以上
④some…;others…;still others…一些…另一些…还有（仍然有一
些）一些…others前面没有定冠词the，一定要给some搭配，
而表示还有一些，一定要用still。