数控机床的组成及各部分基本功能

数控机床的组成及各部分基本功能英文回答：
Components of CNC Machine and Their Basic Functions.
A CNC machine, short for Computer Numerical Control machine, is a computer-controlled machine that automates a variety of manufacturing processes. It consists of several key components, each playing a specific role in the overall operation of the machine.
1. Machine Base:
The machine base provides a stable foundation for the entire machine. It houses the control system, drive motors, and other essential components.
2. Bed:
The bed is a rigid structure that supports the
workpiece and cutting tools during machining operations. It ensures precise movement of the workpiece and tools.
3. Table:
The table is mounted on the bed and moves in the X and Y directions to position the workpiece. It can be manually or automatically indexed for precise positioning.
4. Spindle:
The spindle is a rotating shaft that holds the cutting tool. It transmits power from the drive motor to the tool and rotates it at high speeds.
5. Tool Changer:
The tool changer automatically switches out cutting tools during machining operations. It stores a variety of tools and retrieves them as needed.
6. Controller:
The controller is the central processing unit of the CNC machine. It interprets the G-code program, generates control signals for the motors, and monitors the machine's status.
7. Hydraulic or Pneumatic System:
The hydraulic or pneumatic system provides power for the machine's actuators. These actuators control the movement of the table, spindle, and tool changer.
8. Cooling System:
The cooling system dissipates heat generated during machining operations. It protects the cutting tools, workpiece, and machine components from thermal damage.
9. Lubrication System:
The lubrication system ensures that all moving parts are properly lubricated. It reduces friction and wear,
extending the life of the machine components.
10. Enclosure:
The enclosure surrounds the machining area and protects the operator from flying chips and other hazards. It also reduces noise levels and contains emissions.
中文回答：
数控机床的组成及各部分基本功能。

数控机床是一种由计算机控制的机床，它可以自动执行各种制造工艺。

它由多个关键部件组成，每个部件在机器的整体运行中都发挥着特定的作用。

1. 机床底座：
机床底座为整个机床提供了稳定的基础。

它容纳控制系统、驱动电机和其他基本部件。

2. 机床工作台：
机床工作台是一个刚性结构，在加工操作过程中支撑工件和切削刀具。

它确保工件和刀具的精确运动。

3. 工作台：
工作台安装在机床工作台上，并沿 X 和 Y 方向移动以定位工件。

它可以手动或自动定位，以实现精确定位。

4. 主轴：
主轴是一个旋转轴，用于夹持切削刀具。

它将动力从驱动电机传递到刀具，并以高速旋转刀具。

5. 刀具更换器：
刀具更换器在加工操作过程中自动更换切削刀具。

它储存各种刀具，并在需要时检索刀具。

6. 控制器：
控制器是数控机床的中央处理单元。

它解释 G 代码程序，生成
电机控制信号，并监控机器状态。

7. 液压或气动系统：
液压或气动系统为机器的执行器提供动力。

这些执行器控制工
作台、主轴和刀具更换器的运动。

8. 冷却系统：
冷却系统散发出加工操作过程中产生的热量。

它保护切削刀具、工件和机床组件免受热损伤。

9. 润滑系统：
润滑系统确保所有运动部件都得到适当润滑。

它减少摩擦和磨损，延长机床组件的寿命。

10. 外壳：
外壳包围加工区域，保护操作员免受飞屑和其他危险因素的影响。

它还可以降低噪音水平并包含排放物。