英语中的关联词

英语关联词—并列连词1
并列连词在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后
关系.
1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分. 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week
2)连接分句:I went and she also.
2.可分别表示下列关系.
1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe-
less
2) 因果:so, for, therefore
3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor
英语关联词—并列连接词2
4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also)
英语关联词—关联词
关联词用于引导从句.
1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is.
2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it
to you.
3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever taught.
英语关联词—连接词1
关联词的类别及所表示的关系要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键. 1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分.
1) that(无含义):
I said that he was wrong.
2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系):
I don't know whether it is correct.
英语关联词—连接词2
2.连接代词
1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和
定语.
A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语,
但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):
I asked him who came into the
room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语:
Ask him which he wants.
英语关联词—关联词3
C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语:
I wonder whose house that is.
D. what 做上面提及的各种成分:
I don't know what I should do.
What can be done
2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语. We can't decide whom to invite.
We must decide what to do.
I couldn't decide which to choose.
英语关联词—关联词4
3.连接副词引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句
中做状语.
1) how: That's how I look at it.
2) where: I don't know where he lives.
3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.
4) why: I'll tell you why you have to
do it.
英语关联词—关系词1
4.关系代词
1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语
who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用
的介词):
The man who spoke is my teacher.
I don't know who he is.
The man who I saw told me that.
2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me that.
英语关联词—关系词2
3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示"某物的", 在从句中做定语:
That's the man whose son is my
pupil.
The room whose window faces south
is her bedroom.
The room of which the window faces
south is her bedroom.
英语关联词—关系词3
4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:
I like the picture which was taken
in front of the main building.
5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注
意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.
A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:
This is the best film that I've
ever seen.
英语关联词—关系词4
B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the
same, the very, all, any, no,
every.
This is the last chance that you
have.
You are the only friend that I
have.
He told me all that he knew.
英语关联词—关系词5
C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:
much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody.
There's nothing in the world that
can frighten him.
D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中
的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that.
Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one
that goes to London
英语关联词—关系词6
E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:
The man and the horse that fell
into the river were drowned.
6) 关系代词做介词宾语.
A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可放在其所在的从句的句尾.
Is this the car for which you
paid a high price
英语关联词—关系词7
Is this the car which you paid
a high price for
Is this the car that you paid a
high price for
Is this the car you paid a high
price for
B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关系代词的前面:
英语关联词—关系词8
The years during which he was away were long years to her.
He wrote many books, some of which C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必
须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking for.
7)关系代词的省略.
A.关系代词作宾语时:
The girl I work with is coming.
英语关联词—关系词9
B.that在定语从句中做表语时:
He is not the man that he was
when I saw him first.
He is not the man he was when I
saw him first.
5.关系副词在定语从句中均做状语.
1)where 地点:
That's one point where I'd like
your advice.
英语关联词—关系词10
2) when 时间:
At the time when I saw him, he was
ill.
3) why 原因:
That is the reason why I came so
early.
4) that 方式/时间/原因
I like the way that /in which he
did it.
英语关联词—关系词11
That was the first time (that) I saw him.
The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where
This is the school in which/at which/ where he works.
6)for which = why
I don't the reason for which he left.
英语关联词—关系词12
7)on which = when
The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.
英语介词和关联词—试题与思路
1.The doctor will be free ___.
A.in ten minutes
B.10 minutes later
C.after 10 minutes
D.10 minutes after
选A.in和将来时连用表示的是某段时间的终结点.after表示某个时间点之后的任一时
间.later强调的是在某个时间点之后.
2.___ all the students, whom do you regard most highly
A.Of
B.About
C.From
D.In
选A.由most highly可知句首的短语是表示比较范围的状语.当给出所比较的人,事物所在的范围时,用in;给出所比较的人,事物的名称时用of.
英语介词和关联词—试题与思路
3.He was praised ___ his sense of duty.
A.about
B.by
C.for
D.of
选C.句子要表达的是受表扬的原因,所以选for.
4.The key ___ success is hard work.
A.on
B.to
C.in
D.for
选B.表示"进入,达到,对于"等含义的名词,需要和to连用.
5.Alice has a large collection of photos, ___ was taken in London.
A.none of them
B.no one of which
C.all of which
D.none of which
英语介词和关联词—试题与思路
选D.逗号后是一个定语从句,要有关系词来引导,可知A不可;从从句的单数动词was可知C 不可;从no one 是表示人而且不可同of短语连用,可知其不可.
6.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is___ I disagree.
A.why
B.where
C.what
D.how
选B.由disagree是不及物动词可知应选一连接副词来表达"在某处/某方面"之意,所以选B.
7.Mary can't be admitted to a universi-ty next fall __ she can afford her further education.
英语介词和关联词—试题与思路
A.unless
B.for
C.as
D.if
选A.从句意可知是有关条件的话题,所以表示原因的as和for均应排除;又由于主句是否定句,根据要标达的意思,应选否定条件连词unless.
8.__ encourages us greatly is ___ China has achieved great success in the Olympic Games.
A.What; what
B.That; that
C.What; that
D.That; what
选C.两个clause均为名词从句.第一个是主语从句,其中缺少主语,所以选连接代词what;第二个不缺少成分,所以用纯连词that引导.
1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ；since；as；for；in that...；owing to；due to；for the reason that...；in view of；the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this；therefore；...and so...；consequently；as a result；thus；hence；so；so that...；in consequence；as a consequence；accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of; yet...；and yet；but unless.
4) 并列关系：and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系：；moreover；further；In this way ；still；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides；as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand...，on the other hand...；even；as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile；at the same time；accordingly；In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系：similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...；likewise；similarly important；apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely；unlike；opposed to; as opposed to ；in contrast (to)；by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this；nevertheless; contrary to；whereas；while；but on the other hand.
8) 举例关系:for example；for instance；in this case; namely；as you know；you may as／say；as he explains；like；such as；a case in point is...; consider...；in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly；as an illustration，I will say...；a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...；It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)；as for; as regards；as to；according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important；in reality；certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；
undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once (i)
possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类：in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary；to conclude；the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.
12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).
17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously
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回答者：jiangdatou。