2022年高中英语语法总结13个必背的语法考点

2022年⾼中英语语法总结13个必背的语法考点
有很多的同学是⾮常想知道，⾼中英语语法有哪些，必背的语法考点是什么，⼩编整理了相关信息，希望会对⼤家有所帮助！
2022年⾼中英语语法都有哪些
基数词
表⽰数⽬多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

1.基数词的构成：
1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;
11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;
20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;
≥ 100
100 a/one hundred;
1,000 a/one thousand;
1,000,000 a/one million;
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million
2. 基数词的⽤法
1)作主语：
Three will be enough for us.
三个对我们来说就⾜够了。

Two of the girls are from Tokyo.
这些姑娘中有两位来⾃东京。

2)作宾语：
Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.
四个⼈申请这⼯作，但我们仅需⼀⼈。

3)作表语：
The population of China is over 1.3 billion.
中国有⼗三亿多⼈⼝。

I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.
我⼆⼗岁，我弟弟⼗六岁。

4)作定语：
We have 300 workers in our company.
我们公司有三百名员⼯。

Forty students were involved in the interview. 四⼗名学⽣参加了这次采访。

5)作同位语：
You two clean these seats.
你们两个打扫这些位⼦。

Have you got tickets for us three?
有我们三个⼈的票吗?
序数词
表⽰顺序或等级。

1. 序数词的构成：
1-10： first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th；
11-19： eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th；
20-90： twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th；≥100：
100 hundredth；
1,000 thousandth；
1,000,000 millionth；
1,000,000,000 billionth
2、序数词的⽤法
1）作主语：
The second is what I really need.
第⼆个是我真正需要的。

The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.
第⼀个瓶已满，但第⼆个还空着。

2）作宾语：
I got a third in biology.
我⽣物得到了第三名。

Do you prefer the first or the second?
第⼀个和第⼆个你更喜欢哪⼀个呢？
3）作表语：
I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you
.我将是第⼀个⽀持你的⼈，也是最不会反对你的⼈。

Columbus was the first who discovered America.
哥伦布是第⼀个发现美洲的⼈。

4）作定语：
I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.
我还要试⼀次，看看我能否做得了。

Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there.
在第⼀个转弯处向右转，然后在第⼆个转弯处向左转就到了。

5）作状语：
He came second in the race.
他在赛跑中得了第⼆名。

It was a snowy day when we first met.
我们初次见⾯时是⼀个下雪的⽇⼦。

3、序数词前冠词的使⽤
1）明确指明了先后顺序或⼀系列事物按⼀定的规律排列时，序数词前⽤定冠词。

This is the second time that I have been in London.
这是我第⼆次来伦敦。

Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.
阿尔⽡市怀特家的第五个孩⼦。

2）表⽰“⼜⼀、再⼀”，不强调顺序时，序数词前⽤不定冠词。

You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已经买了四个玩具了，为什么还想再买⼀个呢？
I failed again, but I will try a third time.
我⼜失败了，可是我要再试⼀次。

3）序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不⽤任何冠词。

My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.
我五岁前是和祖⽗母⼀块度过的。

Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.
布莱克夫⼈的第⼆个孩⼦是个天才。

4）序数词与名词构成复合形容词时，冠词由被修饰词⽽定。

此时序数词是复合形容词的⼀部分⽽不是独⽴的，前⾯的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词⽽定。

This MPV car is a second-hand one.
这辆商务车是⼆⼿的。

Habit is second nature.
习惯是第⼆天性。

5）序数词还可作副词，此时不⽤任何冠词。

First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.
⾸先我缺钱，其次我没有⾜够的时间。

6）序数词⽤在表⽰“每隔……”的every 后，其前不⽤冠词。

every second day 每隔⼀天
every fifth day 每隔四天
every second line 每隔⼀⾏
7）某些固定搭配中序数词前不⽤冠词。

first of all ⾸先
at first 起初
at first sight 乍⼀看，第⼀
数词的⽤法
1. 分数：表⽰分数时，分⼦须⽤基数词，分母须⽤序数词。

（分⼦是1以上的任何数时，作分母的序数词要⽤复数形式。

）
1）真分数通常⽤英语单词表达。

one-fourth 四分之⼀
two-fifths 五分之⼆
a quarter 四分之⼀
2）分⼦和分母的数⽬较⼤时，两者都⽤基数词，之间⽤over/by/out of/in 连接。

Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.
⼆⼗个学⽣中有七个通过了飞⾏测试。

3）带分数：“整数+ and + 分数部分”。

Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.
周末期间的降⾬量达⼆⼜四分之⼀英⼨。

2. ⼩数：⼩数总是⽤阿拉伯数字表达。

⼩数点后不论有多少位都不能⽤逗号分开，但⼩数点之前的数依然按照三位⼀个逗号的原则书写。

0.786432 120,372.428
注意：⼩数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读，⼩数点后的数每⼀位都要单独读。

15.503 读作fifteen point five zero three
0.05 读作zero point zero five
3. 百分数：百分数中的数⽬⽤阿拉伯数字，后接percent或百分号（%），在专业统计或表格中常⽤%代替percent，在句⾸时则⽤英语单词书写。

I have invested 40 percent of my income.
我把40%的收⼊⽤作投资了。

Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.
农民的收⼊已经增加了30%。

4、倍数：表⽰倍数时，⼀倍⽤once，两倍⽤twice/double，三倍以上⽤“基数词+ times”。

1）“倍数 + as many/much … as …”
My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.
我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。

This computer costs three times as much as that one.
这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。

2）“倍数 + the size of …”
⽤法与size相同的名词常见的有weight（重量），height（⾼度），depth（深度），width（宽度），age（年龄），length（长度）等。

Our playground is five times the size of theirs.
我们的操场是他们的五倍⼤。

This street is twice/double the width of that one.
这条⼤街是那条⼤街的两倍宽。

3）“倍数 + what从句”
The value of the house is double what it was.
这所房⼦的价值是原来的两倍。

People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
⼈们的平均收⼊是⼗年前的五倍。

4）“倍数 + ⽐较级 + than”
The room is twice larger than ours.
这间房⼦⽐我们的房⼦⼤两倍。

This ball seats three times more people than that one.
这个⼤厅能坐的⼈数是那个⼤厅的四倍。

5）“⽐较级 + than … + by + 倍数/程度”
The line is longer than that one by twice.
这根线是那根线的两倍长。

The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.
中国⼈⼝是美国⼈⼝的六倍多。

5、四则运算：
1）加法：在⼝语中，⼩数⽬的加法常⽤and代表“+”，is 或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的场合或较⼤数⽬的加法⽤plus代表“+”，equals或is 代表“=”。

7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2) 减法：在⼝语中，⼩数⽬的减法⽤“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”
“减数 + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”
在正式的场合或较⼤数⽬的减法⽤minus 代表“—”，equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
3) 乘法：在⼝语中，⼩数⽬的乘法的乘数⽤复数形式，⽤are 代表“=”。

⼤数⽬的乘法⽤times代表“×”，is/makes 代表“=”。

在正式的场合下⽤multiplied by 代表“×”，equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588
Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4) 除法：⼩数⽬的除法：⽤divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。

“被除数 + divided by + 除数 + equals + 商”；“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
⼤数⽬的除法：⽤divided by 代表“÷”，equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.
6、⽐率：⼀般来说表⽰⽐率都⽤阿拉伯数字（包括句⾸的情况），但在⾮专业性的⽂字中，也可⽤英语单词的形式。

The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
七⽐四写作7:4或7/4。

You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.
你成功的机会只有⼀半。

7、编号：⽤基数词时名词 + 基数词 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…
⽤序数词时 the + 序数词 + 名词 the First World War
8、年代与⼏⼗⼏岁：通常是逢⼗的基数词⽤作复数形式。

表⽰年代的数词前⽤定冠词 in the 90s；表⽰岁数的数词前⽤形容词⽤物主代词 in one’s twenties
9、约数：
1）表⽰“⼤约”可以⽤about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less，⽤or so 表⽰“左右、⼤约”置于数词之后。

The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.
The man in rags is sixty years old or so.
那个⾐衫褴褛的男⼦⼤约有六⼗岁/六⼗岁左右。

Peter is something like thirty.
⽪特⼤约有三⼗岁。

2）“多于、超过”⽤more/than/over/above；“少于、不超过”⽤less than。

She was more than/less than forty when she got married.
她结婚时有四⼗多岁/不到四⼗岁。

3）其他
半天（⼩时）half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour
⼀个半 a day and a half=one and a half days
两天半 two days and a half=two and a half days
⼀两天……one or two days=a day or two
两三天/周/个苹果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…
三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time 三年五载 from three to five years; in a few years
三三两两 in twos and threes; in knots
2022年⾼中语法有必背的知识点
1、as 句型
(1) as引导⽅式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家⼀样，我们北⽅种植⼩麦，南⽅种植⽔稻。

(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐⼀样是位优秀的运动员。

(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是⼀个如此的⼀个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱⼦。

(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为⼀个像雷锋这样的⼈。

(6) the same +名词+as 和……⼀样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样⼦了。

(7) as 引导⾮限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是⼒量。

(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长⼤，我们也变得越来越聪明。

(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的⽤法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。

(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是⼀个⼩孩，但他对科学了解得很多。

2、prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家⾥。

(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。

(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
宁愿…...⽽不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家⾥⽽不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。

(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。

3、when 句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻⼦⾛了进来。

(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下⾬了。

(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了⼀天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。

4、seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个⼈都很满意。

(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有⼀场⼤⾬。

(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样⼦她不能来上课了。

5、表⽰“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她⽐我⾼三英⼨
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差⼀岁。

(3) She is three years old than I.
她⽐我⼤三岁。

(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的⼯资已经涨到了每⽉10,000元。

6、what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.让我吃惊的是每个⼈似乎对她都很冷淡。

[ indifferent adj.不关⼼的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。

(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。

(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

7、too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。

(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家⾥就⾮常⾼兴。

(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太⼩了。

(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课⽂对我来说太难了。

(5) can't … too +形容词⽆论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

8、where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房⼦。

(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。

He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地⽅。

I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地⽅。

(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地⽅。

9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某⼈现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你⼀样强壮。

(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某⼈过去做某事
例： I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。

(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某⼈将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。

11、 before 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……⽽不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某⼈过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。

(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某⼈现在或将来做某事
例： Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你⼀起去?
(1) before sb can/ could … 某⼈还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺⼨。

(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。

(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航⾏了四天四夜才见到陆地。

(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没⾛到⼀英⾥路就觉得累了。

(5) It was not +⼀段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

13、⽤于表⽰过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。

(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地⽅。

(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。

(2) was / were going to do sth.(⽤过去将来时态表⽰原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看⼀场篮球⽐赛。

⾼考英语语法重点归纳重点
⼀．⾮谓语动词
⼀）不定式的常考形式：
1) ⼀般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能：表⽰与谓语动词同步发⽣
2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表⽰发⽣在谓语动词之前
⼆）不定式常考的考点：
1）不定式做定语----将要发⽣
2）不定式做状语----⽬的
3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表⽰动作的完整性，真实性；
+ doing 表⽰动作的连续性，进⾏性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园⾥⼲活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园⾥⼲活。

（强调"我见他正⼲活"这个动作）
" 感官动词后⾯接形容词⽽不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.
2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)⼀样被动以后要还原to
I 'd like to have John do it.
I have my package weighed.
Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.
3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do
四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：
want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do
be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do
We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET
1995）
A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）
五) 有的时候to后⾯要接-ing形式
accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.
⼆. 动名词：具有动作性特征的名词
1)是名词 seeing is believing
2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.
⼀)动名词的形式:
⼀般形式：I don't like you smoking.
完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.
被动形式：This question is far from being settled.
⼆) 动名词常考的点
1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词
3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）
I regret not having taken your advice.
4)有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
另外还有⼀些接-ing形式的常⽤说法：
it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...
三、⼀致关系
⼀)主谓⼀致
1．主谓⼀致（与插⼊语⽆关）
1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以⽤定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓⼀致：
3随前⼀致：
n. + together with n2
as well as
including
along with
with / of
accompanied with / by
4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）
either n1 or n2
5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)
不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)
例外：war and peace is… war and peace是⼀个整体
但是如果主语表⽰的是同⼀个概念，同⼀⼈，同⼀事的时候，谓语动词⽤单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有⼀个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.
The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.
The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.
类似的还有：law and order bread and
butter black and white
To love and to be loved is …
A lawyer and a teacher are…
A lawyer and teacher is …
6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B⼀致)
7百分⽐结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent of+n1+v.（由n1决定
8倒装结构的主谓⼀致：
a）There be +n 由名词决定动词
b）Among , between等介词位于句⾸引起倒装结构：Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）
9The+adj的主谓⼀致：
a）当表⽰"⼀类⼈"，
b）当表⽰某⼀抽象概念时
The good is always attractive.
10 To do/doing/主从+vs
*More than one+n
many a +n.
a day or two。