2012年山东省临沂市中考真题及答案
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2012年临沂市初中学生学业考试试题
数 学
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.满分120分,考试时间120分钟.
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共42分)
注意事项:
1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上. 2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,不能答在试卷上. 3.考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并收回.
一、选择题(本大题共14小题,每小题3分,共42分)在每小题所给的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的. 1.1
6
-
的倒数是( ). (A )6 (B)6- (C )
16 (D )16
- 2.太阳的半径约为696 000千米,把这个数据用科学记数法表示为( ).
(A )3
69610⨯千米 (B)4
69610⨯.
千米 (C )5
69610⨯.
千米 (D )6
69610⨯.千米 3.下列计算正确的是( ).
(A )2
2
4
246a a a += (B)22
(1)1a a +=+ (C )235
()a a = (D )7
5
2
x x x ÷=
4.如图,140AB CD DB BC ⊥=
∥,,∠
,则2∠的度数是( ). (A )40
(B)50 (C )60
(D )140 5.化简4122
a
a a ⎛
⎫+
÷ ⎪
--⎝⎭的结果是( ).
(A )
2a a + (B)2a a + (C )2a a - (D )2
a
a - 6.在四张完全相同的卡片上,分别画有圆、菱形、等腰三角形、等腰梯形,现从中随机抽
取一张,卡片上的图形恰好是中心对称图形的概率是( ). (A )
14 (B)12 (C )3
4
(D )1 7.用配方法解一元二次方程2
45x x -=时,此方程可变形为( ).
(A )()2
21x += (B)()2
21x -= (C )()2
29x += (D )()2
29x -=
8.不等式组215,
3112
x x x -<⎧⎪
⎨-+≥⎪⎩的解集在数轴上表示正确的是( ).
9.如图是一个几何体的三视图,则这个几何体的侧面积是( ).
(A )18cm 2 (B)20cm 2 (C )
(18+) cm 2 (D )
(18+) cm 2
10.关于x 、y 的方程组3,x y m x my n -=⎧⎨
+=⎩的解是1,
1,x y =⎧⎨=⎩
则m n -的值是( ).
(A )5 (B)3 (C )2 (D )1
11.如图,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,对角线AC 、BD 相交于点O ,下列结论不一定...
正确的是( ). (A )AC BD = (B)OB OC =
(C )BCD BDC =∠∠ (D )ABD ACD =∠∠
12.如图,若点M 是x 轴正半轴上的任意一点,过点M 作PQ y ∥轴,分别交函数
1(0)k y x x =
>和2(0)k
y x x
=>的图像于点P 和Q ,连接OP 、OQ ,则下列结论正确的是( ).
(A )POQ ∠不可能等于90°
(B)
1
2
k PM QM k = (C )这两个函数的图像一定关于x 轴对称 (D )POQ △的面积是
()121
2
k k + 13.如图,AB 是O ⊙的直径,点E 为BC 的中点,4AB =,120BED =
∠,则图中阴
影部分的面积之和为( ) (A )1
(C
(D
)14.
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共78分)
注意事项:
1.第Ⅱ卷,用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上.
2.答卷前将密封线内的项目及座号填写清楚.
二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分)把答案填在题中横线上. 15.分解因式:2
69a ab ab -+= . 16
.计算:= . 17.如图,CD 与BE 互相垂直平分,AD DB ⊥,70BDE =
∠,则CAD ∠= °.
18.在Rt ABC △中,90ACB =
∠,2BC =cm ,CD AB ⊥,在AC 上取一点E ,使
EC BC =,过点E 作EF AC ⊥交CD 的延长线于点F ,若5EF =cm ,则AE =
cm .
19.读一读:式子“1+2+3+4+···+100”表示从1开始的100个连续自然数的和,由于式子比较长,书写不方便,为了简便起见,我们将其表示为
100
1
n n =∑,这里“∑”是求和符号.通过对以
上材料的阅读,计算
()2012
1
1
1n n n =+∑= . 三、开动脑筋,你一定能做对!(本大题共3小题,共20分)
20.(本小题满分6分)“最美女教师”张丽莉,为抢救两名学生,以致双腿高位截肢,社会各界纷纷为她捐款,我市某中学九年级一班全体同学参加了捐款活动,该班同学捐款情况的部分统计图如图所示: (1)求该班的总人数;
(2)将条形图补充完整,并写出捐款总额的众数; (3)该班平均每人捐款多少元? 21.(本小题满分7分)某工厂加工某种产品,机器每小时加工产品的数量比手工每小时加工产品的数量的2倍多9件,若加工1 800件这样的产品,机器加工所用的时间是手工加工所用时间的3
7
倍,求手工每小时加工产品的数量.
22.(本小题满分7分)如图,点A 、F 、C 、D 在同一直线上,点B 和点E 分别在直线AD 的两侧,且AB DE =,A D =∠∠,AF DC =.
(1)求证:四边形BCEF 是平行四边形;
(2)若90ABC =
∠,4AB =,3BC =,当AF 为何值时,四边形BCEF 是菱形.
四、认真思考,你一定能成功!(本大题共2小题,共19分)
23.(本小题满分9分)如图,点A 、B 、C 分别是O ⊙上的点,60B =
∠,3AC =,
CD 是O ⊙的直径,P 是CD 延长线上的一点,且AP AC =. (1)求证:AP 是O ⊙的切线; (2)求PD 的长.
24.(本小题满分10分)小明家今年种植的“红灯”樱桃喜获丰收,采摘上市20天全部销售完,小明对销售情况进行跟踪记录,并将记录情况绘成图象,日销售量y (单位:千克)与上市时间x (单位:天)的函数关系如图1所示,樱桃价格z (单位:元/千克)与上市时间x (单位:天)的函数关系式如图2所示. (1)观察图象,直接写出日销售量的最大值;
(2)求小明家樱桃的日销售量y 与上市时间x 的函数解析式;
(3)试比较第10天与第12天的销售金额哪天多?
五、相信自己,加油呀!(本大题共2小题,共24分)
25.(本小题满分11分)已知,在矩形ABCD 中,AB a =,BC b =,动点M 从点A 出发沿边AD 向点D 运动.
(1)如图1,当2b a =时,点M 运动到斜边AD 的中点时,请证明:90BMC =
∠;
(2)如图2,当2b a >时,点M 在运动过程中,是否存在90BMC =
∠,若存在,
请给予证明;若不存在,请说明理由;
(3)如图3,当2b a <时,(2)中的结论是否仍然成立?请说明理由.
OA ,将线段OA绕点O顺时针旋26.(本小题满分13分)如图,点A在x轴上,4
转120°至OB的位置.
(1)求点B的坐标;
(2)求经过点A、O、B的抛物线的解析式;
(3)在此抛物线的对称轴上,是否存在点P,使得以点P、O、B为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形?若存在,求出点P坐标;若不存在,说明理由.
2012年临沂市初中学生学业考试 数学试题参考答案及评分标准
说明:第三、四、五大题给出了一种或两种解法,考生若用其它解法,应参照本评分标准给分.
二、填空题(每小题3分,共15分)
15.2(31)a b - 16.0 17.70 18.3 19.2012
2013
三、开动脑筋,你一定能做对!(共20分) 20.解:(1)
14
5028%
=(人). 因此该班总人数是50人. ································································································· (2分) (2)图形补充正确, ········································································································· (3分) 众数是10. ························································································································· (4分)
(3)
11(5910161514207254)65513.15050
⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=⨯=. 因此该班平均每人捐款13.1元. ······················································································· (6分) 21.解:设手工每小时加工产品x 件,则机器每小时加工产品(29)x +件. ····················· (1分)
根据题意,得
18001800
3729
x x ⨯=+. ···················································································· (3分) 解这个方程,得27x =. ····································································································· (5分)
经检验,27x 是原方程的解. ························································································· (6分) 答:手工每小时加工产品27件. ························································································· (7分) 22.解答:(1)证明:∵AF=DC , ∴AF+FC=DC+FC ,即AC=DF . 在△ABC 和△DEF 中,
,
∴△ABC ≌DEF (SAS ), ∴BC=EF ,∠ACB=∠DFE , ∴BC ∥EF , ∴四边形BCEF 是平行四边形.
(2)解:连接BE ,交CF 与点G , ∵四边形BCEF 是平行四边形, ∴当BE ⊥CF 时,四边形BCEF 是菱形, ∵∠ABC=90°,AB=4,BC=3, ∴AC=
=5,
∵∠BGC=∠ABC=90°,∠ACB=∠BCG , ∴△ABC ∽△BGC ,
∴=, 即=
,
∴CG=, ∵FG=CG , ∴FC=2CG=
,
∴AF=AC ﹣FC=5﹣
=,
∴当AF=时,四边形BCEF 是菱形.
23.解:(1)证明:连接OA .
∵
=60B
∠,
∴
2=120AOC B =
∠∠, 又∵
OA OC =, ∴
=30ACP CAO =
∠∠, ∴
=60AOP
∠, ∵
AP AC =, ∴
=30P ACP =
∠∠, ∴
=90OAP
∠, ∴
OA AP ⊥, ∴
AP 是O ⊙的切线, (2)解:连接AD . ∵
CD 是O ⊙的直径, ∴
=90CAD
∠,
∴tan 3033
AD AC =∙=⨯
=
∵
=60ADC B =
∠∠, ∴
=6030PAD ADC P =--
∠∠∠, ∴
=P PAD ∠∠,
∴PD AD ==
24. 解:(1)由图象得:120千克.
(2)当012x ≤≤时,设日销售量与上市的时间的函数解析式为y kx =, ∵点(12,120)在y kx =的图象,
∴
10k =, ∴函数解析式为10y x =,
当1220x <≤,设日销售量与上市时间的函数解析式为y kx b =+, ∵点(12,120),(20,0)在y kx b =+的图象上,
∴12120200k b k b +=⎧⎨
+=⎩,
,
,
∴15300k b =-⎧⎨=⎩,.
∴函数解析式为15300y x =-+,
∴小明家樱桃的日销售量y 与上市时间x 的函数解析式为:1001215300(1220)x x y x x ⎧=⎨-+<⎩
(≤≤)≤; (3)∵第10天和第12天在第5天和第15天之间,
∴当515x <≤时,设樱桃价格与上市时间的函数解析式为z kx b =+,
∵点(5,32),(15,12)在z kx b =+的图象上,
∴5321512k b k b +=⎧⎨+=⎩
,, ∴242k b =-⎧⎨
=⎩,.,
∴函数解析式为242z x =-+,
当10x =时,10101002104222y z =⨯==-⨯+=,,
销售金额为:100222200⨯=(元),
当12x =时,1202124218y z ==-⨯+=,,
销售金额为:120182160⨯=(元),
∵
22002160>, ∴第10天的销售金额多.
五、相信自己,加油呀!(共24分)
25. 解答:(1)证明:∵b=2a ,点M 是AD 的中点,
∴AB=AM=MD=DC=a ,
又∵在矩形ABCD 中,∠A=∠D=90°,
∴∠AMB=∠DMC=45°,
∴∠BMC=90°.
(2)解:存在,
理由:若∠BMC=90°,
则∠AMB=∠DMC=90°,
又∵∠AMB+∠ABM=90°,
∴∠ABM=∠DMC ,
又∵∠A=∠D=90°,
∴△ABM ∽△DMC , ∴
=,
设AM=x ,则=
, 整理得:x 2﹣bx+a 2=0,
∵b >2a ,a >0,b >0,
∴△=b 2﹣4a 2>0,
∴方程有两个不相等的实数根,且两根均大于零,符合题意,
∴当b >2a 时,存在∠BMC=90°,
(3)解:不成立.
理由:若∠BMC=90°,
由(2)可知x 2﹣bx+a 2=0,
∵b <2a ,a >0,b >0,
∴△=b 2﹣4a 2
<0,
∴方程没有实数根,
∴当b <2a 时,不存在∠BMC=90°,即(2)中的结论不成立.
26.解:(1)如图,过点B 作BC x ⊥轴,垂足为C ,则90BCO = ∠. 12060AOB BOC =∴= ∠,∠.
又4OA OB == ,
1142sin 60422OC OB BC OB ∴==⨯==∙== ,. ∴点B
的坐标是(2--,
. ······················································································· (2分) (2) 抛物线过原点O 和点A 、B ,
∴可设抛物线解析式为2y ax bx =+.
将(40)(2A B --,,,
代入,得164042a b a b +=⎧⎪⎨-=-⎪⎩,
解得6a b ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩
················································································································· (4分) ∴
此抛物线的解析式为263
y x x =-+. ································································· (5分) (3)存在. ··························································································································· (6分) 如图,抛物线的对称轴是2x =,
直线2x =与x 轴的交点为D .
设点P 的坐标为(2)y ,, ································································································· (7分) ①若OB OP =,
则2222||4y +=,解得y =±·················································································· (8分)
当y =Rt POD △中,90PDO = ∠,sin PD POD OP ===∠60POD ∴= ∠,
60120180POB POD AOB ∴=+=+= ∠∠∠,
即P O B ,,三点在同一条直线上,
∴y =.
∴点P 的坐标为(2-,. ·
··························································································· (10分)
②若OB PB =,则2224|4y ++=,
解得y =-.
∴点P 的坐标为(2-,. ·
··························································································· (11分)
③若OP BP =,则22222||4|y y +=++,
解得y =-.
∴点P 的坐标为(2-,. ·
··························································································· (12分)
综上所述,符合条件的点P 只有一个,其坐标为(2-,. ·
······································ (13分)。