2020年暑假新高一英语知识点衔接增分高效练12

2020年暑假新高一英语知识点衔接增分高效
练12
英语句法篇·名词性从句
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。

其特点有：
（1）引导词：
从属连词that, whether；
连接代词who, what, which；
whoever, whatever, whichever;
连接副词when, where, how和why。

（2）语序：陈述句语序
（3）在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if
That he will win the match is certain.
It is certain that he will win the match.
1. 一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻"，常用it作形式主语，
从而把主语从句放后面。

常以it作形式主语的句型有：
①It is＋形容词＋that...
☞It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

②It is＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise，
a fact，etc. )＋that...
☞It’s a pity that we can’t go.
很遗憾我们不能去。

③It is＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc. )＋that...
☞It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.
有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。

④It appears/seems that...|It happens that...|It occurred to me that...|It turned out that...
☞It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。

⑤It d oesn’t matter that...|It makes no difference that...
☞It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她是否来这无关紧要。

2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

☞Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？
他们明天不来很要紧吗？
3. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。

☞How strange it is that the children are so quiet！
孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
二、表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。

☞China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

☞The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。

☞At that time，it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。

☞He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

☞It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。

3. because，why引导的表语从句。

☞That’s because he didn’t understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。

（That’s because…强调原因）☞That’s why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。

（That’s why…强调结果）
4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词where，when，how，why
☞The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

☞The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

☞That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

5. 从属连词that
☞The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

三、宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether，if等
连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
连接副词：when，where，why，how等
1. 连接词that，whether，if引导
☞I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

☞I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导
☞She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。

☞I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。

3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导
☞Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
☞I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。

☞He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

☞Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
5. 宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

☞She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。

(从句是一般现在时) ☞she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。

(从句是一般将来时)
☞She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。

(从句是现在完成时)
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

☞He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。

(从句是一般过去时)
☞He said that he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。

(从句是过去将来时)
四、同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。

它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。

1. 同位语从句的引导词选择原则
☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他不是没有恢复的希望。

☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。

2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况
（1）当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。

☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。

（2）表示＂命令、建议、要求＂的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即＂should＋动词原形＂，should可省略。

☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.
每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。

3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句定语从句
功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连
接作用
that 不作成分；起连接作用，不可
省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略
whether/how 不作成分；起连接作用＂是
否＂；＂如何＂
不引导定语从句
wh-words 作成分；起连接作用；有自己
的含义，但与先行词之间无关作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分
☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

(同位语从句，that不可省略)
☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

(定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略)
1.People who can see with their eyes can’t understand practical use Braille can be of for the blind.
A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether
2. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A.whoever
B.whomever
C.anyone
D.the one
3.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.how
4.（2016·北京）Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A.However
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever
5.Hearing the son paid little attention to the marriage and _________ he remained _________with his work, the mother was quite anxious if he could find a girlfriend.
A./, occupied
B.that, to be occupied
C./, to be occupied
D.that, occupied
6.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea _____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A.when
B.why
C.that
D.how
7.______excited Jenny most was ______ she finally succeeded in ______seemed to be the most difficult exam to him.
A.'That; that; which
B.What; that; what
C.That; because; that
D.What; because; which
8.Robots can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one after completing one specific task, and this is
______ automatic machines differ.
A.because
B.what
C.where
D.how
9.There’s no doubt ______ hard work is the key to _____ your result.
A.whether; improving
B.that; improving
C.whether; improve
D.that; improve
10.In developing countries, energy can be used wastefully by _______ has the money to use it, while poorer and less powerful go without.
A.who
B.which
C.whoever
D.whomever
11.If I don't laugh, I have to cry. Maybe this is _____at many funeral people share funny stories about the person who has just died.
A.why
B.how
C.because
D.when
12.—Have you finished the book?
—No，I’ve read up to____ the children discover the secret cave.
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.where
13.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A.that
B.where
C.what
D.why
14.We were greatly amused by ________.
A.what you have told us
B.which you had told us
C.what you told us
D.that you told us
15.I asked her in English __________ she was, and she told me _________ she was an actress.
A.who, that
B.who, /
C.what, that
D.how, /
16.They have no idea at all ______.
A.where he has gone
B.why he was questioned by the police
C.Both A and B
D.where has he gone
17.She was just about to explain ______ she hadn’t passed her maths test chiefly out of carelessness ______ her uncle came.
A.her mother, when
B.to her mother why, that
C.her mother that, when
D.to her mother that, when
18.Animal’s ability to act reasonably in its environment is believed to come partly from ______ we may call “genetic learning”.
A.how
B.which
C.what
D.why
19.The study of colors indicates ______ persuades people to think of the bank as a safe and reliable place.
A.what is it that
B.it is what
C.what it is that
D.it is that
20.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday.
—That is ______ I d on’t agree to. You should have a more active life.
A.which
B.how
C.why
D.what
21.______ the medicine works in human body is a question ______ not everyone can fully understand.
A.How; that
B.That; which
C.What; which
D.How; what
22.—My father said: "I went to see you yesterday but did not meet you there."
—My father said to me that ________________.
A.he had come to see me the day before but hadn't met me there.
B.he came to see me that day but had not met me here.
C.he had come to see me the day before yesterday but hadn't met me here.
D.he came to see me the last day but didn't meet me there.
23.I'll phone you if she ________ this evening. In fact, she didn't tell me if she ________.
A.would come; will come
B.will come, came
es; would come
e; came
24.(2015·陕西) ____________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why
B.When
C.That
D.What
25.There is no doubt ______ they will be happy to accept the job.
A.what
B.that
C.whether
D.if
26.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A.What
B.That
C.Whether
D.If
27.The teacher decided to give the task to ____________ had a strong sense of duty.
A.whomever
B.whoever
C.who
D.whichever
28.I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A.as
B.which
C.what
D.That
29.They have leading experts in this field, and that’s ____________ they’ve solved this problem successfully.
A.where
B.why
C.whether
D.who
30.They truly believe ____________ beauty comes from within.
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.who
31.We still have the question of ______ they have discovered the trade secret.
A.what
B.why
C.how
D.that
32.I have no doubt that he will make it, but I wonder_____ he is really ready enough.
A.what
B.why
C.whether
D.That
33.There is no doubt ______ cultural relics are ______ protecting.
A.whether; worth
B.whether; worthy
C.that; worth
D.that; worthy
34.I don’t doubt ________ Alice is a nice girl; she is just wrong, you know.
A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.what
35.Is _______any doubt _____ Jennifer will come to see me this weekend as usual.
A.it; that
B.it; whether
C.there; that
D.there; whether
36.There is a lot of evidence _______ he was involved in the crime reported in the newspaper last month.
A.which
B.whether
C.that
D.when
37.The prize winner described to the class ________ he had managed to achieve excellence in his study.
A.what
B.how
C.which
D.whether
38.It was in this school ______ name he will never forget ______he won the speaking competition about ____ the army and rescue workers made joint effort to return the earthquake disaster area to normal.
A.of which the; that; how
B.where; where; why
C.whose; that; the reason
D.its; that; how
39.He asked me, “Why do you think ______?”
A.was the black man wearing long hair sentenced to death
B.the black man wearing long hair has sentenced to death
C.that the black man dressed in long hair was sentenced to death
D.the black man wearing long hair was sentenced to death
40.There is so much land that the government of Australia even doesn’t kno w it.
A.what to deal with
B.how to deal with
C.how to do with
D.what to do away with
1.A【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。

句意：眼睛能看到的人无法理解盲用点字法对盲人的实际用途。

what引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，表示“所……的（事）”。

故选A。

2.A【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：我不太知道这件事，你可以找其他比我知道的无论谁问。

分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句当中缺少的是主语，所以用whoever，whomever是宾格，作宾语，anyone和the one 是代词。

故选A。

3.C【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：我们之所以选择这家酒店，是因为这里一晚的价格降到20美元，是过去收费的一半。

分析句子可知，介词of后跟宾语从句，在从句中作charge的宾语，表示“所……的”，要用what，故选C项。

4.C【解析】考查主语从句。

句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，你所能做的一切都有帮助。

分析句子可知，helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任
何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。

5.D【解析】考查宾语从句和过去分词。

句意：听到儿子对婚姻不重视，而且他仍忙于工作，妈妈为他是否能找到一名女朋友十分焦虑。

第一空是that引导的宾语从句，因为它前面有一个that（已省略）引导的宾语从句，则第二个that不能省略；第二空be occupied with专心于……，remain是连系动词，相当于be，则第二空填occupied。

故选D。

6.B【解析】考查同位语从句。

句意：——迈克做出了放弃耶鲁大学的邀约是真的吗？——是的，但是我不知道他为什么这么做，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。

A项表“时间”，D项表“方式”，均不合题意。

have no idea =“not” know，后面的从句应该表示“疑问”，排除表“确定事实”的C项。

故本题选择B项。

why表示“原因”，引导同位语从句解释说明idea。

Mike放弃了最心仪的耶鲁大学，令人不解其故。

故选B。

7.B【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：最令珍妮兴奋的是，她终于在她看来最难的考试中取得了成功。

第一个空填主语从句的引导词；第二个空填表语从句的引导词；第三个空填宾语从句的引导词。

第一个空在主语从句中作主语，用what，表示“所……的”；第二个空在表语从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that；第三个空在宾语从句中作主语，用what，表示“所……的”。

故选B。

8.C【解析】考查表语从句。

句意：机器人可以通过计算机重新编程，在完成一项特定任务后，再执行另一项任务，这就是自动机器的不同之处。

because因为；what什么；……的；where在哪里；……的地方；how 如何。

根据句意，引导词在该表语从句中作地点状语，用where，故选C。

9.B【解析】考查同位从句和动名词。

句意：毫无疑问，努力工作是提高成绩的关键。

There’s no doubt that---“毫无疑问” 为同位语从句；the key to doing sth.“做某事的关键”。

to为介词后接动名词。

故选B。

10.C【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：在发展中国家，谁有钱，谁就可以浪费能源，而穷人和弱势群体则得不到能源。

介词by后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，也没有主语，who仅指单个人，whoever“无论谁”，范围大。

结合句意，故选C。

11.A【解析】考查表语从句。

句意：如果我不笑，我就得哭。

也许这就是为什么在许多葬礼上人们会分享关于刚死去的人的有趣故事。

此处be动词后面是why引导的表语从句。

故选A。

12.D【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：--你看完那本书了吗？--没有，我刚读到孩子们发现洞的秘密的这个地方。

这里是宾语从句，where引导的宾语从句，它在从句中作的是地点状语，根据句意故选D。

13.A【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。

从句部分不缺少任何成分且句意完整，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。

故选A。

14.C【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：你告诉我们的事使我们感到很有趣。

分析句子可知，by为介词后接句子作宾语。

宾语从句中what作told的直接宾语，所以连接词为what。

故选C项。

15.C【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。

句意：我用英语问她是做什么的，她告诉我她是个演员。

分析句子可知，__________ she was为asked宾语，为宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，意为“什么”，应填what；后半句中_________ she was an actress为told的宾语，也是宾语从句，但从句中不缺少成分，意义完整，应用that或者不填，故选C。

16.C【解析】考查名词性从句语序。

句意：他们根本不知道他去哪儿了。

/他们完全不知道他为什么被警察盘问。

本句为宾语从句，从句部分需用陈述句语序，A、B选项均符合语境，故选C。

17.D【解析】考查固定短语、宾语从句和固定句型。

句意：她正要向母亲解释她数学考试不及格主要是由于粗心，这时她叔叔来了。

第一空，根据短语explain to sb.“向……解释”后跟不定式，且后文为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分应用that引导，故第一空填to her mother that；第二空为固定句型sb. be about to do sth. when…“某人正要做某事，这时……”，故第二空填when。

故选D。

18.C【解析】考查连接词。

句意：动物在环境中合理行动的能力被认为部分来自于我们所说的“遗传学习”。

本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少call的宾语，应用关系代词what，which表示“哪一个”不符合句意。

故选C。

19.C【解析】考查宾语从句和强调句。

句意：对颜色的研究表明，是颜色让人们认为银行是一个安全可靠的地方。

本句考查强调句在宾语从句中的应用，indicate后宾语从句用陈诉语序，故排除A选项；且从句中缺少主语，指代“颜色”应用连接词what，且连接词必须位于从句句首。

故选C。

20.D【解析】考查表语从句。

句意：——周日，我宁愿把自己关在家里听一整天音乐。

——我不同意你的想法。

你应该过更有活力的生活。

分析句子可知，空白处引导is后的表语从句，做agree to的宾语，指代前文I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday.所以填what。

故选D。

21.A【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。

句意：药物怎么在人体中起作用不是每个人都完全能理解的问题。

分析句子可知，______medicine works in a human body在句中做主语，空白处表“怎样”，所以填how；______not everyone can understand fully是定语从句，先行词是question，是物，在从句中做understand的宾语，所以从句的连接词用that\which。

故选A。

22.A【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。

句意：我的爸爸说：“我昨天去看你，但没在那儿遇到你。

”把直接引语转换成间接引语时要注意三点：人称，时态，语序。

根据以上原则，该句在转换时要把''I''变成第三人称''he'', ''you''变成第一人称''me''；因为主句是一般过去时，所以从句变为过去的过去，即过去完成时；语序不变。

综上，本句改写成：My father said to me that he had come to see me but had not met me there. 故选A项。

23.C【解析】考查时态。

句意：如果她今晚要来我会给你打电话。

事实上，她没有告诉我她是否会来。

结合句意可知，第一空处考查if引导的条件状语从句，因为主语是一般将来时，故从句用一般现在时表将来，主语she是第三人称单数，故动词用三单现形式，即comes；第二空处考查if引导的宾语从句，因为主句是
一般过去时，故从句用过去将来时，即would come。

故选C项。

24.B【解析】考查名词性从句的连接词。

句意：被延误的航班何时起飞依天气而定。

题干中主句的谓语动词为depends，为此前面是主语从句。

Why在主语从句中做原因状语；when在主语从句中作时间状语；that
在主语从句中不做任何成分；what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。

根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语。

故选B。

25.B【解析】考查同位语从句。

句意：毫无疑问，他们会很开心接受这个工作。

There is no doubt that毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句。

故选B。

26.B【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：他将到山村工作让我们很吃惊。

A. What引导名词性从句，在从句中做主语/宾语/表语；B. That引导名词性从句，无实意，仅起连接作用；C. Whether是否；D. If是否，如果。

分析句子结构可知，此处是主语从句，从句的主谓宾成分齐全，应使用that引导。

故选B。

27.B【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：老师决定把这项任务交给有强烈责任感的人。

分析句子结构可知，介词to后面的宾语从句，缺少主语，根据后文had a strong sense of duty可知，主语应该是人，所以排除A和D 项；whomever只能作宾语；而whichever“哪一个”是指物。

在B和C项中，who“谁”，强调问的那一个人，而whoever“无论谁”强调任何一个人，显然这句话强调的是他决定把这个任务交给任何一个人。

故选B。

28.C【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：那天我差点被撞死，一辆车以一种我认为是危险的速度驶过我旁边。

根据句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，从句中缺少was的主语，I thought是插入语，宾语从句缺少主语要用what。

that不做成分which用于有范围的情况as用于状语从句或者定语从句。

故选C。

29.B【解析】考查表语从句。

句意：他们在这个领域有领先的专家，这就是为什么他们成功地解决了这个问题。

分析句子结构，be动词后面的表语从句的成分完整，所以排除who这个连接代词。

句子缺少“为什么”的意思，所以这里是why引导的表语从句，故选B。

30.C【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：他们真的相信美丽来自内心。

动词believe后面是一个宾语从句，从句beauty comes from within.是一个完整的句子，不缺少成分，所以是that引导的宾语从句，其中that可以省略。

故选C。

31.C【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：关于如何发现这商业秘密，我们仍然由许多问题。

介词of后接宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句中用how作方式状语。

故选C。

32.C【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：我不怀疑他会成功，但是我很疑惑他是否真的准备好了。

本句中宾语从句的成分完整，所以排除连接代词A. what；根据句意，此处缺少“是否”的意思，所以答案选择whether；
B. why 译为“为什么”；D. that 在宾从不缺主要成分，不缺意思时使用。

故选C。

33.C【解析】考查固定句型和固定短语。

句意：毫无疑问，文物是值得保护的。

固定句型：There is no doubt
that…“毫无疑问”；固定短语：be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。

故选C。

34.A【解析】考查连词。

句意：我毫不怀疑爱丽丝是个好女孩；你知道，她只是错了。

doubt用于肯定句时用whether引导从句；用于否定句时，用that引导从句。

分析句子可知，本句是否定句，故用that来引导。

结合选项，故选A。

35.D【解析】考查固定句型和同位语从句。

句意：这个周末Jennifer会和往常一样来看我吗？分析句子结构可知,本句考查常用句型Is there any doubt…, 根据doubt的用法可知doubt用于否定和疑问句时，其后所跟的从句用whether引导的是同位语从句，是对前面名词doubt的解释说明；再根据句意是否有疑惑，所以选D。

36.C【解析】考查同位语从句。

句意：有很多证据表明他与上个月报纸上报道的犯罪有关。

evidence后面的从句是同位语从句，说明该名词的内容。

从句中不缺少句子成分，用that起连接作用。

故选C。

37.B【解析】考查连接词辨析。

句意：获奖者向全班同学描述了他是如何设法在学习上取得优异成绩的。

A. what什么；
B. how如何；
C. which哪个；
D. whether是否。

本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”用how，故选B。

38.A【解析】考查定语从句、强调句型、宾语从句。

句意：正是在这所他永远不会忘记名字的学校里，他赢了演讲比赛，这场比赛是关于军队和救援人员如何共同努力，使地震灾区恢复正常的。

第一空：此空是定语从句，先行词是this school, 和name之间是所属关系，根据句意可理解为the name of the school , 故定语从句为the name of which 或of which the name 或whose name ; 第二空：此空是强调句型It is… that …, 强调地点状语in this school; 第三空：根据句意：演讲比赛是关于军队和救援人员如何共同努力，how 引导宾语从句；故选A项。

39.D【解析】考查宾语从句、动词辨析。

句意：他问我，“你认为那个留着长发的黑人为什么被判死刑？
此处句型是“疑问词+do you think / suppose /believe+ 陈述句？”
短语be sentenced to death“被判死刑”；故选项B错；“留长头发”用wear, be dressed in “穿…衣服”，故选项C错；句中the black man wearing long hair was sentenced to death是do you think 的宾语，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选项A错。

故选D项。

40.B【解析】考查宾语从句。

句意：有这么多的土地，澳大利亚的政府甚至不知道如何处理它。

本句为宾语从句，从句中deal为不及物动词，故与deal with连用要用疑问副词how；do为及物动词，与do with连用的疑问词应该是疑问代词what；D选项中do away with表示“废除；去掉”不符合句意。

故选B。