建筑工程英标规范(混凝土)中英文

SECTION: 2 第2章混凝土
PART 1 GENERAL 第1节总则
1 DESCRIPTION 说明
All concrete work is governed by this Section.所有混凝土工程受本章的管理。

Work Included: Provide all cast—in-place concrete，complete and in place，as required by the Work，specified hereinon the drawings and specifications. 包括的工作：按照图纸上规定的工作和相关标准要求，完整而到位地提供所有现浇混凝。

RELATED WORK：有关工作
1 General Requirements一般要求
2 Material 材料
3 Concrete Mix 混凝土配合比
4 Construction Requests 施工要求
1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS：一般要求
1.1.1. Concrete shall be batched only with approved materials, approved mix designs，and at
approved facilities。

只能使用批准的材料、批准的配合比设计和在批准的设施内对混凝土进行配料.
1.1.
2. The Contractor shall define the method of design of the mix，by reference to a
recognised published design method. 承包商应通过参考认可的设计方法确定配合比设计.
1.1.3. Plant trials shall be carried out for each grade and type of concrete in the contract, 你
unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，应对每种标号和种类的混凝土进行工厂试验。

1.1.4. Aggregate proportions shall be based on measured and not assumed relative densities.
集料的比例应根据测量的而非假设的相对密度。

1.1.5. If requested by the Engineer，concrete mix designs which include an admixture shall be
prepared and tested 如果监理工程师要求，应准备和检验含外加剂的混凝土配合比设计.
1.1.6. Results of the trial mixes must demonstrate that the mix complies with the strength,
workability and durability requirements of specification。

试验配合比的结果必须证明所采用的配合比符合规范的强度、和易性和耐久性要求。

1.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证
1.2.1. Reference Codes and Standards.Concrete work shall conform in general to the
requirements of BS 8110 and BS 5328。

参考规范和标准混凝土工程一般应符合英国BS8110和BS5328的要求。

1.2.2. The following codes and standards referenced herein but not dated shall be those of the
latest edition on the date of the Purchase Order contract。

以下引用的但未标注日期的规范和标准应当是定购合同之日的最新版本的规范和标准。

1. BS 12 -Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）
2. BS 812 -Testing aggregates 检验集料（英国标准）
3. BS 882-Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 混凝土的天然集料（英国标准）
4. BS 1881-Methods of testing concrete 混凝土的检验方法(英国标准）
5. BS 3148—Water for making concrete (including notes on the suitability of the water）混凝
土用水（包括关于水的合适性的注释）(英国标准）
6. BS 4027-Sulphate—resisting portland cement 抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥(英国标准）
7. BS 4408 -Recommendations for non—destructive methods of test for concrete 对混凝土非
破坏性检验方法的建议(英国标准)
8. BS 4550 -Methods of testing cement 水泥检验的方法（英国标准）
9. BS 5075 -Concrete admixtures 混凝土外加剂(英国标准）
10. BS 5328 Part 1—Guide to specifying concrete 混凝土说明指南(英国标准）
11. BS 5328 Part 2-Methods for specifying concrete mixers 说明混凝土搅拌机的方法（英国标
准）
12. BS 5328 Part 3-Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and transporting
concrete对在生产和运输混凝土中使用的程序的说明（英国标准）
13. BS 5328 Part 4—Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling，testing and
assessing compliance of concrete 对在取样、检验和评价混凝土的符合性时使用的程序的说明（英国标准)
14. BS 6089 -Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures 对既有结构物的混凝土强
度的评价（英国标准）
15. BS 6100 —Glossery of building and civil engineering terms 建筑和土木工程术语词汇汇总
表（英国标准）
16. BS 6699 —Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag 磨细矿渣水泥(英国标准)
17. BS 8110 —Structural use of concrete 混凝土的结构用途（英国规范）
1.2.3 Quality Control: Do not begin concrete production until all mix designs have been
reviewed and certified by the Engineer’s Representativ e. 质量控制：只有当工程师代表审查和批准了所有的配合比设计时，才能开始混凝土的生产。

1.2.4 Workmanship：The Contractor is responsible for correction of concrete work which
does not conform to the specified requirements including strength, tolerances and finishes. 工艺：承包商应负责纠正不符合规定要求，包括强度、公差和表面光洁度的混凝土工作。

1.2.5 Should cubes testing indicate unacceptable concrete, coring，load testing or removal
and replacement of the concrete may be required to the client. 如果砼试块试验显示混凝土不合格,可能需要进行提取芯样、荷载试验或清除并替换混凝土。

1.2.6 Concrete may be subject to settlement。

It should be noted that top of concrete
elevations should reflect final installation elevations after any settlement。

混凝土可能会沉降。

应注意到，混凝土的顶部标高应当反映所有沉降后的最终安装标高。

1.3 Concrete Testing Services: 混凝土的检验设施
1.3.1. The Contractor shall set a Testing Laboratory approved by the Engineer's
Representativeto perform the testing of the concrete during the progress of the work。

It should have the capacity to perform material evaluation tests，to design concrete mixes，and to perform strength tests associated with form removal。

承包商应设置一个实验室。

该实验室应获得监理工程师代表的批准,承担工程进展过程中的对混凝土的检验。

并具备材料的评估试验，设计混凝土配合比和涉及模板拆除有关的强度检验的能力。

2. MATERIALS 原材料
2.1. Recent independent test results acceptable to the Engineer confirming compliance with the
specified requirements and referenced standards。

工程中所使用材料应具备符合相关规范和相应标准的合格证，并得到监理工程师的认可.
2.2. Cement 水泥
2.2.1. nufacturer’s certificates shall also be supplied with each consignment of cement
certifyingcompliance with the relevant standard。

Deliver by bulk or in the original sealed containers or bags，bearing the manufacturer's name, cement type and date of manufacture, in batches not exceeding 100 tonnes。

对于每次交货的水泥应配有产品合格证书，证明产品符合有关标准。

散装或者使用密封容器或袋装分批提供水泥,每批不超过100吨,水泥外包装上注明厂家名称、水泥品种和生产日期。

2.2.2. Provide cement samples from each consignment delivered to the site as required by the
Engineer for testing。

按照监理工程师的要求对进场的每批货提供水泥样品，用于检验.
2.2.
3. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) shall conform to BS 12 or ASTM C150 Type I。

普通硅
酸盐水泥（OPC)应符合BS12第1类.
Unless noted otherwise，MSRC shall be utilized for grade C25 concrete。

Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (MSRC) shall conform to BS 4027 Type II除非另有说明,C25混凝土应使用中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥。

中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥（MSRC)应符合BS4027 类型II
2.3. GGBS 磨细矿渣
2.3.1. Manufacturer’s certificates with all information necessary to verify compliance with BS
6699 shall also be supplied with each consignment of GGBS. 对于每次交货的磨细矿渣水泥应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合英国标准6699.
2.3.2. As requested by the Engineer for independent testing。

依照监理工程师的请求进行独立
检验。

2.3.3. GGBS shall comply with BS 6699，in addition to the following requirements, unless other
wise approved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，磨细矿渣应符合BS6699以及以下要求。

1）. Raw material (slag) is limited to one source. Slag supplied or blended from several different plants or steel mills will not be accepted unless approved by the engineer. 天然材料（矿渣)限于一种来源.除非监理工程师批准，不能接受由几个不同工厂或钢铁厂提供的或拌合的矿渣.
2）.GGBS shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 磨细矿渣应以散装粉末方式提供给混凝土搅拌站。

3）。

Interground slag cements shall not be used。

不得使用中等磨细矿渣水泥.
4）.Preblended slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用预混合矿渣水泥。

2.4. Microsilica 硅粉
2.4.1. Manufacturer’s certificates with all information necessary to verify comp liance to an
Internationally recognised standard shall also be supplied with each consignment with Microsilica。

对于每次交货的硅粉，应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合国际认可的标准。

2.4.2. Microsilica shall comply with an internationally recognized standard, in addition to the
following requirements, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准,硅粉应符合国际认可的标准以及下列要求。

2.2.3 Raw material （Microsilica) is limited to one source. Microsilica supplied by more than
one vendor will not be accepted，unless approved by the Engineer. 天然材料(硅粉）限于一个来源。

除非工程师另有批准，不得接受多个卖主提供的硅粉。

2.2.4 Microsilica shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form。

硅粉
应以散装粉末形式提供给混凝土搅拌站。

2.5. Aggregates 集料
2.5.1. Provide samples of both fine and coarse aggregates for testing prior to beginning
deliveries。

在材料进场前提供细集料和粗集料的样品。

2.5.2. Aggregates shall meet the requirements following general requirements，unless
otherwise approved by the Engineer。

除非监理工程师另批准，集料应符合以下一般要求。

1）A ggregates shall consist of hard, durable，uncoated particles containing no harmful material in quantities sufficient to adversely affect the concrete or reinforcing steel. 集料应由坚硬的、耐用的和未涂层的颗粒组成.颗粒不含有数量足以严重影响混凝土或钢筋的有害物质。

2）A ggregates shall comply with the requirements of BS 882。

集料应符合BS882的要求.
2.6. Water 水
2.6.1. Provide samples of water proposed for concreting works. 提供拟用于混凝土工程的水的
样品。

2.6.2. Water used for concrete-mixes and washing of equipment shall be potable water and
shall comply with the requirements of BS 3148，unless otherwise stated herein or in Table 5。

除非这里有规定或表1中有规定,混凝土混合物和设备清洗用水为饮用水,并且符合BS3148的要求.
2.6.
3. The pH of water used in concrete work shall be in the range of 7 – 9. 混凝土工程用水的
pH值应在4 – 9之间。

2.6.4. Whenever required to do so by the Engineer，the Contractor shall take samples of the
water being used for mixing concrete and test them for quality as directed by the Engineer。

无论何时当监理工程师要求时,承包商应对用于拌合混凝土的水进行取样，并且按照工程师的指示检验水的质量。

表TABLE 1
2.7.1. Manufacturer’s technical specifications and recommendatio ns. 制造商的技术说明书和
建议
2.7.2. Recent trial results acceptable to the Engineer illustrating the efficiency of the product for
its particular application。

监理工程师可接受的、说明产品特殊应用的功效的近期试验结果.
2.7.
3. Admixtures shall comply with the standards of BS5075，unless otherwise approved by
the Engineer。

除非工程师另行批准，外加剂应符合标准BS 5075。

2.7.4. The Contractor shall provide at least the following technical data for each type of
admixture. 承包商应当为每种外加剂至少提供以下技术资料.
1）Solid content。

固体含量
2）.Specific gravity. 比重
3)。

The typical dosage and the effects of under dosage and over dosage. 典型剂量和剂量不
足和剂量过量的后果。

4）.The generic type(s）of the main active constituent(s）in the admixture。

外加剂中主要活性成分的一般类型
5）.Whether or not the admixture contains chloride. 外加剂是否含有氯化物.
6）。

Whether or not the admixture leads to the entertainment of air when used at the proposed dosage。

当按照拟议的剂量使用时外加剂是否会导致充气。

7）Where more than one admixture is used simultaneously in the same concrete，details shall be provided on their interaction and compatibility.当在同一种水泥中同时使用几种外加剂时，应提供它们相互作用和兼容性的详细资料。

2.7.5Admixtures shall be free of chlorides. 外加剂不应含有氯化物。

2.7。

6. A dmixture shall not impair the durability of the concrete nor combine with constituents to
form harmful compounds nor increase the risk of corrosion of reinforcement。

外加剂不应损坏混凝土的耐久性，也不能与混凝土的成分组合形成有害的化合物,也不能增加对钢筋的腐蚀风险。

2.7.7. The use of the Admixtures shall be strictly controlled to ensure that only correct dosages
are utilized as prescribed by the manufacturer and as determined by the trials. 应严格控制外加剂的使用以确保只有制造商规定的和试验确定的正确剂量被使用。

3. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN ：混凝土配合比设计
.Concrete Mix designwith at least the following information：混凝土的配合比设计应至少具有以下信息:
Type of cement 水泥种类
Cement content 水泥含量
GGBS content磨细矿渣含量
Microsilica content 硅粉含量
Max。

aggregate size 最大集料尺寸
Combined grading curve 组合级配曲线
Quantities of all individual materials 所有单独材料的数量
Name of admixture 外加剂名称
Target slump （at discharge) 目标坍落度（卸料时）
Details to calculate W/C ratio 计算水灰比的详细资料
Compressive strength 抗压强度
Hardened density 凝固后的密度
Water permeability 渗水性
RCP 快速氯化物渗透
Bleeding 泌水性
SO3 and Cl contents氧化硫含量和氯化物含
Concrete shall comply with the requirements of Table 2 and Table 3 unless otherwise approved by the Engineer。

Reference shall be made to the Engineer's drawings for particular job mix designation. 除非监理工程师另行批准,混凝土应符合表2和表3的要求。

关于特殊的工作配合比名称,应参考监理工程师的图纸。

表TABLE 2
GRADES OF INFRASTRUCTURE ＆SUBSTRUCTURE – CONCRETE
GRADES OF UPSTRUCTURE- CONCRETE
（＊）A proposal deemed to meet concrete durability requirements. It could be revised if Concrete specifications can be met otherwise 。

被认为符合混凝土耐久性要求的建议，可以对该建议进行修改.
3.1 Preliminary Tests （Trial Mixes ）初步检验（试验配合比）
3.1.1 Preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out to determine the mixes to satisfy the
specification with the approved materials。

应进行初步的实验室试验以确定使用批准材料的配合比满足技术规范.
Trial mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for initial field tests：对试验配合比进行检验以确定拟用于最初现场试验的配合比的以下性质。

1）。

Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232(non-vibrating ) shall not exceed 0.5％. 根据美国材料试验协会C232 （非振动）泌水性不大于0.5％。

2）。

Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS 1881 Part 5.符合英国标准1881 第5节的干收缩3) Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106. 含气量，若适用，符合BS1881第106节。

4）Free water / cement ratio。

自由水灰比
5). Workability BS 1881 Part 102。

和易性,BS1881 第102节
6）. Fresh and hardened concrete densities BS 1881 Parts 107 and 114 respectively。

新浇混凝土密度和凝固混凝土密度分别符合BS1881第107节和第114节。

7）.Compressive strength BS 1881 Part 116 抗压强度,BS 1881 第116节
If the values obtained are unacceptable，the mixes shall be redesigned. 如果以上数值是无法接受的，应当重新设计配合比。

3.1.2 At least 35 days before commencement of concreting，trial mixes shall be prepared
under full - scale site conditions and tested in accordance with BS 1881。

至少在混凝
土浇筑开始前35天，应按照完全的现场条件准备试验配合比，并且根据BS1881进行试验。

3.1.3 Trial mixes shall be made on each of three days；the workability shall equate to the
designed target value. Six cubes from each mix shall be taken，three for test at 28 days. 在三天中的每天制作试验配合比；和易性应等于设计目标值。

每个配合比应制作6个试块,其中3个试块用于28天试验.
3.1.4 Further trial mixes shall be made if the range （the maximum minus the minimum of the
three cube results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch，or if the range of the three batch averages exceeds 20% of the overall average of the batches.
如果范围值（任何批次混凝土的三个试块试验结果的最大值减去最小值)大于该批次的平均值的15%,或者如果三个批次平均值的范围值大于这些批次的总平均值的20％，应当继续制作试验配合比.
3.1.5 The average 28 day CCS of the three trial mixes shall not be less than the designed
mean strength，and the results of the above tests shall be acceptable before the mix is approved. Otherwise the mix shall be redesigned. 三个试验配合比的28天混凝土平均抗压强度应不小于设计平均强度,而且在批准配合比之前以上试验的结果应当是可接受的.否则,应重新设计配合比.
3.2 Quality Control 质量控制
3.2.1 Test Cubes 试块
1）Cubes shall be manufactured in an on—site laboratory, specially equipped for the purpose, in controlled conditions。

They shall be made, cured，stored,
transported and tested to BS 1881 Parts 108, 111 and 116. 试块应在控制的条件
下在专门配备设备的现场实验室制作。

应按照英国规范BS1881第108节、111
节and 116节制作、养护、储存、运输和检验试块。

3.2.2 Sampling Cubes试块取样
1）From each sample three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and three for testing at 7 days for control purposes。

The 28 day CCS shall be the mean of
three cubes. 为了控制目的，应从每个样品中制作三个试块做第28天试验，并且
制作三个试块做第7天试验.第28天的混凝土抗压强度应当是三个试块的平均值.
2）Samples shall also be taken and two cylinders cast to determine the tensile strength of the concrete at 7 days and 28 days，as specified in BS 1881 Part
117. These samples shall be taken from every 100 batches，but at least once a
week during concreting operations, and shall coincide with samples taken for test
cubes. 按照英国规范BS1881第117节的规定,提取样品和浇筑两个圆柱体以确定
混凝土的第7天和第28天的抗拉强度。

每100批混凝土应提取样品,但是在混凝土
浇筑施工中至少每周一次取样，而且与试块取样相符合。

3.2.3 Cube Strength Results 试块强度结果
The results will be unacceptable if : 如果有以下情况，试块强度结果将不合格：1）.The average strength determined from any four consecutive test results does not exceed the CCS by 0.5 times the current margin。

根据任何4个连续试验结果确定
的平均强度不大于混凝土抗压强度的通用差额的0。

5倍。

2）One or more results in forty is less than 85% CCS。

40个试块试验的一个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度的85%。

3）Three or more results in forty are less than CCS. 40个试块试验的三个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度.
4. PART 4 EXECUTION 第4节施工
4.1. ROUTINE CONCRETE TESTING 常规的混凝土检验
4.1.1 Under the supervision and direction of the Engineer，the Contractor shall perform all
tests as shown in Table 10，unless otherwise approved by the Engineer。

除非工程师另行批准，承包商,在工程师的监督和指示下，应进行表4中规定的一切检验。

表4 TABLE 4FREQUENCY OF TESTING FOR FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE 新浇混凝土和凝固混凝土的检验频率
4.2.1 Test cubes shall be randomly taken from the concrete which is being used in the work
and prepared in accordance to the relevant standard and the following provisions，unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另有批准,应随机地从工程中使用的混凝土中提取试块，并且按照有关标准和以下规定制作试块。

1）A ll cubes shall be made at the point of delivery and all cubes for each set must be from the same load(transit mixer truck). 所有的试块应在混凝土进场地点制作,并且每组的所有试块必须取自于同一车混凝土（搅拌车）。

2）U se approved cube moulds of the same type and manufacture for making all test specimens。

使用批准的、同一类型和厂家的试模制作所有检验样品。

3）A ll cubes shall be kept in closed insulated boxes for initial curing until removed from the moulds and placed directly in a suitable curing tank. 所有的试块应放在密封的盒子中进行最初的养护，然后从模具中拿出，并且直接放入合适的养护箱中。

4）S ix cubes （150mm）shall be made for density and compressive strength testing. 制作六个试块(150毫米）进行密度和抗压强度试验。

5）S ix cubes (150mm）shall be made for water permeability testing. 制作六个试块（150毫米）进行渗水性试验。

6）S ix cubes (150mm) shall be made for RCP testing. 制作六个试块(150毫米）进行氯化物快速渗透试验.
7）E ach grade of cubes shall be numbered consecutively through out the work and marked with the date. 每种标号的试块在工程过程中应连续地编号，并且标上日期。

8）F or compressive strength and density, test 3 cubes at 7 days and 3 at 28 days。

对于抗压强度和密度，分别在第7天检验3个试块，和在第28天检验3个试块。

4.2.2 The Mean of 3 cube strength results shall be taken as the test result。

取这3个试块强度
结果的平均值为检验结果.If an individual cube result varies by more than 10％from the mean result，that cube value shall be discarded and the result will be the average of the remaining cube values.如果一个试块的强度结果与平均强度结果相差大于10%,那么该强度结果应作废；并且强度结果将是剩余试块强度值的平均值。

4.2.3 No individual strength test result （average of 3 cubes）shall fall below 85% of the
specified strength。

任何单独的强度检验结果(3个试块的平均值）都不能低于规定强度的85％。

1）T he average of any 3 consecutive strength test results must equal or exceed the specified strength。

任何3个连续强度检验结果的平均值必须等于或大于规定的强度.
4.2.4 If the average 7 day strength indicates that the concrete may be defective; the Contractor
shall immediately inform the Engineer and stop all concrete activities until the reason for such low strength is determined and corrected。

如果平均7天强度显示混凝土可能有缺陷，承包商应立即通知工程师,并且停止一切混凝土施工，直到查明和纠正出现低强度的原因。

4.2.5 At the Contractor’s option, potentially defective concrete may be removed and replaced
without awaiting the 28 day test results。

承包商可以选择，在不等待28天检验结果的情况下，清除并替换有潜在缺陷的混凝土.
4.2.6 For Water Permeability，test 3 cubes at 28 days and 3 cubes at 56 days。

For Rapid
Chloride Penetration，test 3 cubes at 28 days and 3 cubes at 56 days.对于渗水性，分别在第28天检验3个试块和在第56天检验3个试块。

对于氯化物快速渗透,分别在第28天检验3个试块和在第56天检验3个试块。

4.3 DELIVERY OF CONCRETE 混凝土进场
4.3.1 Transportation, delivery and handling shall be in accordance with BS 5328 or ASTM C94
except as described hereunder，unless otherwise approved by the Engineer。

除了以下的规定外,除非工程师另有批准,混凝土的运输、进场和搬运应符合BS5328或ASTM C94.
4.3.2 Contractor shall be responsible for delivering concrete in such a manner as to avoid cold
joints. 承包商负责在混凝土进场时避免出现冷接缝.
4.4 PREPARATION OF CONCRETE DEFECTS 混凝土缺陷处理
4.4.1 Serious concrete defectsshould not occur. If these things appear，technical programs
shall be set up by the contractor and get the approval of Engineer.混凝土不应出现严重缺陷,对已经出现的严重缺陷，应由承包商提出技术处理方案，并由监理工程师认可。

4。

5Compaction of Concrete混凝土的压实
4。

5.1All concrete shall be compacted to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, it shall be compacted with the assistance of vibrators.
应将所有混凝土压实成密集的均匀体.除非监理工程师另行同意，应使用振捣器压实.
4.5.1 Vibration shall not be applied by way of the reinforcement. Where immersion vibrators
are used, contact with reinforcement and all inserts shall be avoided。

不能通过钢筋施加振捣.当使用插入式振捣器时,应避免与钢筋和所有的插入件接触。

4.5.2 Vibrators shall be so manipulated as to work the concrete thoroughly around the
reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into corners and angles of the forms。

Vibrators shall not be used as a means to cause concrete to flow or its position in lieu of placing. The vibration at any point shall be of sufficient duration to accomplish compaction. After initial set of the concrete，the forms shall not be jarred and no strain shall be placed on the ends of projecting reinforcement。

在操作振捣器时应使钢筋和预埋件周围的混凝土彻底地振动，并且使模板的边角彻底地振动。

使用振捣器时不能使混凝土流动或代替浇注的位置。

在任何地点的振捣时间应足以完成压实.在混凝土初凝后，不能震动模板,并且不能损伤突出的钢筋的末端。

4.6 Construction Joints 施工缝
4.6.1 The position and detail of any construction joints not described in the contract shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer and shall be so arranged to minimize the formation of shrinkage cracks。

合同中未说明的施工缝的位置和细节须经过监理工程师的批准。

安排时应尽量减少收缩裂缝的形成。

4.6.2 The timetable for the depositing of concrete between construction joints should be so
arranged that no face of concrete shall be left for more than 20 minutes before fresh concrete is deposited against it。

在安排在施工缝之间浇注混凝土时间时应确保混凝土表面在新浇混凝土之前不能超过20分钟.
4.6.3 When the continuous placement of concrete in any structural member is interrupted or
delayedfor a period long enough for the previously partially placed concrete to take its initial set，such construction joint shall be treated as acold joint. 混凝土连续浇筑的时间足以让以前部分浇注的混凝土发生初凝时，施工接缝应按冷接缝处理。

4.6.4 Where dowels，reinforcing bars or other adequate ties are not required by the
drawings，keys shall be as made by embedding water soaked bevelled timbers in soft concrete。

The key shall be sized as shown on the details，or as directed by the
Engineer，which shall be removed when the concrete has set. In resuming work the surface of the concrete previously placed shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, scum, laitance or other soft material with stiff wire brushes, and if deemed necessary by the Engineer, shall be roughened with a steel tool。

The surface shall then be thoroughly washed with clean water。

The joint shall be kept wet for at least four hours prior to concreting。

当图纸不需要销子、钢筋或其他合适的连接件时，可以将水泡的斜木预埋在松散的混凝土中来制作楔块。

楔块的尺寸如详图所示,或者按照监理工程师的指示。

当混凝土凝固时应将它清除。

当恢复施工时,应使用硬铁丝刷彻底地清理以前浇注的混凝土表面上的灰尘、浮渣、浮浆皮或其他松软材料。

如果监理工程师认为有必要,应使用铁制工具将表面弄成粗糙。

然后用清水彻底地冲洗表面.在混凝土浇注前,应保持接缝潮湿至少4小时. 4.6.5 Where sections of the work are carried out in lifts the reinforcement projecting above the
lift being cast shall be adequately supported to prevent movement of the bars during the casting and setting of the concrete. 当工程的截面分层浇注时，应当对伸出已浇注层的钢筋适当加以支撑，防止它在混凝土的浇注和凝固过程中移动。

4.6.6 Wherever possible laitance and all loose material shall be removed while the concrete is
still green and no further roughening shall then be required。

Where this is not possible，it shall be removed by mechanical means provided the concrete has been in position for more than 24 hours。

The roughened surface shall then be washed with clean water。

只要可能,当混凝土还未凝固时，应清除浮浆皮和所有松散的材料，并且不需要将混凝土表面弄成粗糙。

如果以上不可能，只要混凝土浇筑到位超过24小时,可以使用机械清除。

然后使用清水冲洗毛面混凝土表面。

4.7 Curing of Concrete 混凝土的养护
4.7.1 Immediately after compaction and for 7 days t hereafter，concrete shall be protected from
the harmful effects of weather，including rain and rapid temperature changes, and from drying out。

Only water curing shall be allowed, continuously applied for a minimum of 7 days。

Hessian and polythene sheeting shall be used to cover the concrete members under curing。

在混凝土压实后和在随后的7天，立即对混凝土进行防护，防止天气，包括雨、快速的天气变化的有害影响以及干燥.只能允许水养护,水养护应连续使用至少7天。

应使用粗麻布和塑料模覆盖混凝土构件进行养护。

4.8 TOLERANCES公差
4.8.1 The accuracy in building shall be based on the BS 5606 ‘Code of Practice for accura cy in
building’ but the acceptable tolerances to be only fifty percent of the tolerances stated in the above mentioned standard。

建筑物的精确性应基于ＢＳ５６０６的建筑物的精确
4.9
4.9.1General：Form materials shall be new，except for metal forms。

Materials may be
reused during progress of the Work，provided they are completely cleaned,
reconditioned, recoated for each reuse, and capable of producing formwork of the required quality.
概述：模板材料应是新的，钢模板除外。

模板材料在工程进展过程中可以重新使用，只要
每次使用时彻底地清洁、修理、重上涂层，并能够制作所需质量的模板。

4。

9。

2Construct formwork so that concrete members and structures are of correct size，shape, alignment，elevation, and position。

建造模板，确保混凝土构件和结构的尺寸、形状、标高和位置正确。

4。

9。

3Cleaning and Tightening: Thoroughly clean forms and adjacent surfaces to receive concrete. Remove chips, wood，sawdust, dirt，and other debris just before concrete is placed。

Retighten forms immediately after concrete placement as required to eliminate mortar leaks. 清洁和加固:彻底地清洁模板和临近的表面以接受混凝土。

在浇筑混凝土之前清除碎片、木头、锯屑、尘土和其他碎片.在混凝土浇筑后立即按要求重新紧固模板以消除砂浆泄露。

4。

9。

4FORM COATINGS 模板涂料
Coat form contact surfaces with form—coating compound before reinforcement is placed. Do not allow excess form coating material to accumulate in the forms or to come into contact with surfaces which will be bonded to fresh concrete. Apply in compliance with manufacturer's instructions and/or as directed by the Engineer's representative. 在安装钢筋之前使用模板涂料化合物覆盖模板接触面。

不要让多余的涂
料聚积在模板上或与将同新浇混凝土粘结的模板表面接触。

应按照制造商指示和/或按照
监理工程师代表的指示刷模板涂料。