新人教版选择性必修一课文长难句分析学习讲义

新人教版教材
X1U1
1.In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: 这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。

介词短语with the objective...作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。

短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。

2. He drew on his life experiences to write this famous novel, which was published after his death.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】drew on 的意思是make use of 利用，which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰说明novel的特点。

3. This year's Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin , a crucial new treatment for malaria.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句由whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系，屠呦呦的研究导致了artemisinin的发现。

在artemisinin 的后面a crucial new treatment for malaria作同位语，解释说明artemisinin。

4. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】这是一个由and连接的并列复合句, and后面的句子省略了artemisinin避免主语重复。

5. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】考察限制性定语从句that showed promise in the fight against malaria修饰treatments，句意是从他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种在抗击霍乱中很有希望的古老的中国治疗手段。

6. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】现在分词作状语，表示主动和先决条件，省略逻辑主语she。

substance后面跟了一个that引导的限
制性定语从句，修饰substance。

句意为（她）使用了更低的温度来提取精华后，她发现了一种有效的物质。

ter, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】考察限定词+of+关系代词形式的定语从句，句中的whom指代前面的patients。

8. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel prize，she said，“the honor is not just mine. There is a team behind me and all the people of my country...”
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】在本句中“介词upon+动词ing形式构”成介词短语用作时间状语。

upon也可换为介词on，表示一件事接着另一件事情而发生。

这种用法常见于正式的文体，翻译成“在······时候，当······时，一······就······”。

9. When he was sixteen，he tried to enter University in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in math and physics.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】由but连接的转折复合句，连接前后两个句子表示转折，后面despite doing结构是一个介词短语作让步状语，表示尽管即使的意思。

10. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句中的主干句是he continued to study, 其他部分都是状语成分，while doing作时间状语，out of a strong passion for knowledge也作状语，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905现在分词引导的结果状语。

X1U2
1.However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: homes that will …是以homes为先行词的定语从句，从句缺主语是物。

when we are away，when we forget从句中的时间状语从句，句意为：然而，在不远的未来，我们将住在当我们离开会给我们锁门，当我们忘记会帮我们关电视的智能房屋里。

2. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为so引导结果状语从句，意为“因此”，剧中夹杂着if引导的条件状语从句。

句意为：所有的语音指令控制都会有回应，因此如果你想改变你的日常生活，你可以大声说你想要的，这个家庭系统会遵守。

3. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点who live happily …定语从句。

句意为：另一方面，这里有许多不同的人，他们快乐地生活在没有新技术的情况下。

4. I found my career as an Al designer…..
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为主谓宾宾语补足语，as an Al designer介词短语做宾补。

5. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为that引导的名词性从句，从句使用过去将来时，句意为：然而，这个公司仍旧宣称在未来的某一天大部分人都将开无人驾驶的车辆
6. I doubt that……
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为that引导的宾语从句。

句意为：我怀疑…
7. My health monitor, which I wear all the time,…
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为which引导的非限制性定语从句。

句意为：我的健康监督器，我每天都穿着它…
8. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in…… .
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为that引导的主语从句，It为形式主语真正的主语在后面。

句意为：甚至可以说，阿米什
人的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在…
9.Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为How引导宾语从句，句意为：比如，你的床记录你每天晚上睡的怎么样。

10.It will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句中.It will take some years before…意思：做….还得花费很多时间。

句意：在大多数新家庭开始用这个新技术还得花费许多年。

X1U3
1.Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: whether引导条件状语从句，telling…night动名词词组做主语，句意为即使太阳非常闪耀，分辨现在是白天还是夜晚也是不可能的。

2.Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: who引导定语从句，following the reindeer为动名词短语做状语，句意为跟在驯鹿后面的是萨米人，他们把这片领土作为自己的家。

3．Since the reindeer are always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: since引导原因状语从句，句意为因为驯鹿总是在迁徙，萨米人会带上帐篷和他们一起。

4. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点: 动名词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。

句意为生活在这样一个美丽且狂野的地方让我觉得很幸运自己活着。

5. It is hoped that Sarek National park will always remain as it is, natural and beautiful.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【解析】本句考点:固定句型It is hoped that…，表示人们希望…；句意为人们希望沙雷恪国家公园将永远保持原样，自然且美丽。

6. The problem, however, was that the park was too small to support further population increases.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:that引导表语从句，句意为然而，问题是公园太小而不能承受继续的人口增长了。

7. This large park, with the connection to Russia’s wildlife reserves across the border, should give these species the natural space they need to live in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:with…border做同位语，对park进行补充说明；句意为这个在边界上与俄罗斯野生动物保护区有联系的大型公园应该给这些物种他们所需要去生存的自然空间。

8. Whichever and whatever you like, that is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:and 引导两个并列结构，whichever与whatever引导让步状语从句。

句意为无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，那都是一个将会吸引你的令人难以置信的主题公园。

9. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White and Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:as引导时间状语从句，句意为当你在奇幻游乐园漫步是，你会看到白雪公主和米老鼠在游行中，甚至在街上。

10. It will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:as引导时间状语从句，be full of…充满…；句意为当我徒步穿过这片艰难的土地到达峡谷的另一边的目的地时，这将充满汗水和努力。

X1U4
1.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为: what引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中充当thinking的宾语的成分，by介词后加动词的ing形式。

句意为：通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解他们在想什么
2. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为动词ing做表语；that 引导的定语从句在从句中充当主语的成分，先行词是a way, 还有一个省略引导词的定语从句，先行词是culture。

:句意为：最重要的是使用身体语言的方式要符合你所处的文化。

3. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为：when 引导的时间状语从句，后面可以加延续性动作，也加以加非延续性动作，句意为：在日本，和长辈说话时低头可能会表现出对长辈的尊重。

4.However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为非谓语，avoid 加动词ing做宾语；as引导的原因状语从句，在句中表因为，相当于because，但是没有because的语气更加强烈。

句意为：但是，在巴西和德国，你应该避免这样做，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。

5.There are also differences in how we touch each other , how close we stand to someone we are talking to ...
____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为how引导的不能过于从句，做介词in的宾语，how引导的名词性从句，可以表示方式和程度，此处是表示方式。

句意为：我们在触摸对方的方式、站得离谈话对象的距离等方面也存在差异..
6. We can use smile apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为: to do 不定式表目的。

句意为：我们可以用微笑道歉，问候别人，寻求帮助，或开始一段对话。

7.There is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
【解析】本句考点为比较级，两个比较的对象形式是一样的。

句意为：没有什么比看到朋友的笑脸更好的了。

8.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger .
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为非谓语固定搭配，suggest 后面加动词ing做非谓语：句意为：专家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑，这会让你感觉更快乐、更坚强。

9. As an educator, people often ask me how i know what is going on in the minds of my students.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为:how 引导的宾语从句，做的是ask sb sth 中的sth, 宾语从句中还有一个what引导额宾语从句，做的是know的宾语。

句意为：作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我，我是如何知道我的学生在想什么。

10.It is hard to have many one-on-one conversation with each person.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为it做形式主语，to do 不定式组做真正的主语。

句意为：与每个人进行一对一的交谈是很困难的。

X1U5
1.Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点:... , to whom he has devoted his life. 非限制性定语从句，关系词whom指代先行词farmers，在定语从句中做介词to的宾语，而介词to的选择使因为从句中动词devote sth（time，energy...）/oneself to sth”把...奉献给”。

另外指示代词that也是一个考点，多指代前面出现的内容，即这里的“body”。

2.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为名词性从句，主语从句what concerned him most...和表语从句...that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 这里注意名词性从句中不同连接词的用法。

另外重点动词concern vt: “影响，使担心”；名词词组a shortage of sth “短缺，缺少...”。

3. however, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点whether引导的名词性从句，whether it ...such as rice在复合句中做主语。

另外重点词汇hybrid “杂种，混合物”；a matter of (importance/ time/honor...) “...的问题，...的一回事”
“是否能够培育出像水稻这种自粉植物的杂交品种（当时）还饱受争议。

”
4. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Y uan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonnes of rice per year.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为it做形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句, 且主语从句中包含and并列的两个部分。

另外generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains(品种)是过去分词短语做定语后置修饰crops，选用过去分词是因为generate与逻辑主语crops之间是被动的关系；allow sb to do sth “使...能够做...”
“如今，据估计，中国国内水稻消耗量的大约60%由袁的杂交品种构成，而且他的杂交品种使中国农民能够每年生产接近2亿吨水稻。

”
5.Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite w ealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为Given （考虑到...）引导的条件状语从句，if you say given that something is the case, you mean taking that fact into account. 句意为“考虑到杂交水稻已经使袁变得相当富有”；
“考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。

”
6. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as a peanut.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为with 伴随状语
“很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得跟高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。

”
7. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为not only...but also...并列结构；代词ones用法，指代前面bacteria and insects.
句意为：”化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。

”
8. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为省略that的定语从句，先行词damage。

句意为：”事实上，像DDT这样的杀虫剂，因为它们给人类和环境带来的损害，已经在大多数国家被禁止使用了。

”
9. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句考点为why引导主语从句，because引导的表语从句，非谓语结构making it ready...crops 做结果状语。

句意为：”之所以种植不同的庄稼是因为它们能重新把重要的矿物质带到泥土里，从而再次为下一批作物的生长做好准备。

”
10. When it comes to cloning, we wonder, ultimately, whether cloning will help or harm the world.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【解析】本句中考点为whether引导的宾语从句。

另外，表达“when it comes to”当谈到......的时候。

句意：“当谈到克隆，我们最终一直想弄清楚到底它会帮助还是危害我们的世界。

”。