Unit+3+语法专项训练讲义++-2024-2025学年人教版七年级英语上册

Unit 3语法专项训练
一、方位介词（短语）的用法
1.概述
在英语中，当要表示人或物的位置时，通常要借助方位介词。

方位
介词不能单独使用，必须与其他词构成介词短语。

对方位介词短语提
问要用疑问副词________.
2.常见的方位介词（短语）
on在...上面My hat is on the bed.
in在...里面We often play sports in the sports hall.
under在..下The cat is under the tree.
near在...附近Do you live near here?
behind在..后面Tom is behind Lily.
in front of在...前面Lily is in front of Tom. between...and...在...和...中
The bus is between the school and shop.
间
next to/beside在...旁His house is next to a shop.
across from在...对面Let’s go to a shop across from our school. at the back (of)在...后面Sam sits at the back of the classroom. in the middle (of)在...中间The man in the middle of is my dad.
Look at the picture on the left.
On the left/right (of)在...左边/右
边
【例】Anna is taller than me. She sits __________ me in the classroom.
A.between
B.from
C.behind
D.among
二、there be 结构
1.概述
there be 结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。

其中there 没有实际意义，be 动词和后面所接的名词在数上保持一致。

2.句子结构
句式结构
肯定句There is/are + 主语+ 其他
否定句There isn’t/ aren’t + 主语+ 其他
一般疑问句Is/ Are there + 主语+ 其他?
特殊疑问句①How many+可数名词复数+are there+其他？
①How much+不可数名词+is there+其他？
•There ________ some cars behind the house. 房子后面有一些小汽车。

• There________any cars behind the house. 房子后面没有小汽车。

(在否定句和疑问句中，用any代替some.)
•— _______ ________ any cars behind the house? 房子后面有一些小汽车吗？
ーYes, there are. /No, there aren't.
• How many cars _______ ________ behind the house?
房子后面有多少辆小汽车？
3.there be 结构中的主谓一致
（1）若只有一个主语，be 动词要与后面所接的主语在数上保持一致。

• There ________a big tree in front of the library.图书馆的前面有一棵大树。

• There______ some money on the sofa. 沙发上有一些钱。

• There ________ some flowers in the garden. 花园里有一些花。

（2）如果有两个或多个并列主语时，be 动词要和离它最近的那个主语在数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。

• There ________ a cat and two dogs in the picture.图片里有一只猫和两条狗。

• There ________ two dogs and a cat in the picture.图片里有两条狗和一只猫。

4. 辨析there be 结构与have/has
强调客观存在there be 结构表示“某地或某时有
某物或某人”
强调所属关系have/has表示“某人或某物有
某物”
• There is a piano in Jane's room.
筒的房间里有一架钢琴。

• Jane has a piano. 简有一架钢琴。

巧记there be 结构
there be表示“有”，主语跟在be后走；单数、不可数用is，复数用are要记全；
多个主语来并列，“就近原则”记心间；否定be后把not添，疑问就把be提前。

【例】
There _______ a TV set in the room.
A. be
B.is
C. are
三、语法精练
I.用be 动词的适当形式填空
1. There________ctwo hats on the chair.
2. ________there any birds in the big tree?
3. There________some orange juice on the table.
4. There _________many books and computers in the library.
5. There__________ a teacher and some students on the sports field.
II.按要求完成句子，每空一词（含缩略词）。

6. There is a library in front of the classroom building.（改成否定句）_______ __________a library in front of the classroom building.
7. There are some geese in the yard.（改一般疑问句，并作否定回答）—________ _________ ________ geese in the yard?
—NO，________ ________.
8. A week has seven days.（改为同义句）
________ _________seven days in a week.
9. Amy's school is across from her house.（对画线部分提问）
_________ ________Amy's school?
10. There are three boys in the classroom. (对画线部分提问）
________ ________ boys in the classroom?
III.根据图片信息，选择适当的介词（短语）完成短文。

Hello, I'm Ella. Here's a map of our neighborhood (社区). Look! There is a bank 1.__________( between/at the back of) the supermarket and the park. 2.________(next to/across from ) the park is a cinema. I often see a film there with my friends. There is a shop 3._____________(in front of/between) the cinema. 4._____________(in front of/next to) the shop is my house. My school is 5.___________ (behind/on the right of) my house. It's easy for me to get to school every day. My favourite place
6._________ (on/in) the neighborhood is the library. It's
7._____________( near/in the middle of) my school. I often go there to read books.。