India-introduction-印度最全英文介绍

Indian Chai
咖喱角,印度三角饼
ART&LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE&LITERATURE
• ENGLISH AND HINDI (北印度 语 )LANGUAGE
DANCE
Belly Dance
• Northern Indian dance Manny pooley dance Cuttack dance • Southern Indian dance Bharatanatyam Getakeli dance
Etiquettes and taboos
Just Can't Say No
• Indians do not like to express 'no,' An Indian would be considered terribly rude if you said “no”.
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Molden Temple Assault (1984)
• 4. Missile Launches and Green Revolution (20th century)
Hindu Baby Naming CeremonyNamkaran
• Mostly on the 11th or 12th day after delivery • Female relatives gather around the cradle and sing traditional folk songs • Bless the child and the mother together giving some gift items • A feast for all the family members
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It is polite to shake with your right hands .
Washing with left hand……
I am the “right” hand.
Holy head
If you touch others’ head, you will make them unhappy.
Wedding
• Bride always in red or white,with jewelry and long wreath with roses • Three parts:foot washing,hand holding,scattering flower retals • Eat traditional candy • After feast,the bride has a cry
Various Religions
Sikhism 锡克教 Christianism 基督教
Buddhism 佛教
耆那教在汉译佛典中称为尼乾外道、无系外道、裸形外道、无惭外道或宿作因论等。印度 有0.4%的居民信奉耆那教，该教徒的信仰是理性高于宗教，认为正确的信仰、知识、 操行会导致解脱之路，进而达到灵魂的理想境界。同时该教是一种禁欲宗教，其教徒 主要集中在西印度。耆那教徒不从事以屠宰为生的职业，也不从事农业。主要从事商 业、贸易或工业。耆那教不讲究信神，但崇拜24祖。 • • • • • 锡克教(Sikhism)是15世纪产生于印度的一神教，主要流行于印度旁遮普邦，在南亚的 巴基斯坦，东南亚的马来西亚，北美的美国和加拿大也有少量信徒。 "锡克"一词，来源于梵文，意思是"学生"、"弟子"、"信徒"。锡克教徒被称为锡克人，长 发、梳子、钢箍、匕首、短裤是锡克教徒的五大信仰标识。 尊崇十位上师并以上师们传授的《阿底格兰特》为经典，《阿底格兰特》象征第十一 位上师。以公平正义、扶贫济弱和宗教自由为基本教义。 宗教符号的圆圈代表没有始终的唯一真神，左右两边的弯刀象征捍卫真理与正义;中间 的双刃刀代表做饭的刀具。 锡克教神寺每天给穷人提供免费餐饮。圣城是阿姆利则，朝圣地是被称为"神之所在"的 阿姆利则金寺。
他除了每年征发二万多名印度民工还召来世界各地著名的设计师和工匠历时22年用印度西北的纯白大理石斯里兮卡的蓝宝石伊拉克的月长石阿拉伯的珊瑚波斯的紫水晶俄国的孔雀石中国西藏的翡翠
Geography Climate
Cuisine
belongs to tropical monsoon climate
• Buddhist art（佛教） • Hindu Art（印度教）
ARCHITECTURE
• The India River and the Ganges River（恒 河） are one of the ancient world civilization developed area, is the birthplace of Buddhism, Brahmanism（婆 罗门教） and Jainism（耆那教） ,later left a rich and colorful buildings.
PAINTING
The evolution of India art style is affected not only by the beauty of form autonomy (自 治）law,but also restricted by the India religion （宗教；宗教信 仰） ,philosophy(哲学） transmutation. （演变）
Worship
The fane of Jainism
The fane of Sikhism --- Daikin Temple
The national flower of India
National bird
Traditional Social Culture
The influences of Hinduism and the tradition of the caste（种姓） system have created a culture that emphasizes established hierarchical（等级）-婆罗门,刹帝利, 吠舍,首陀罗 relationships.
Normal greeting :Hold hands, palms together, under the chin and say, "Namaste," means "peace." A light handshake is considered the most polite form of greeting in India. It is considered impolite to offer your hand first to shake with a women, because of religious beliefs.
Taj Mahal泰姬陵
• 泰戈尔说:泰姬陵是“一滴爱的眼泪” 阿格拉城的泰姬陵，是印度建筑史上的 一大奇迹，陵墓墙壁上处处镶嵌着红绿蓝宝石。泰姬陵高大宏伟，让人为之 折服。比泰姬陵本身更吸引人的就是一段也堪称“世界奇迹”的爱情: 公元十 六世纪，一位叫泰姬的美丽女人嫁给了印度莫卧儿王朝的皇帝沙杰汗，先后 为他生养了十四个子女，并且与战乱中的皇帝同悲同喜，还帮助他夺回王位 ，却不幸在36岁那年因难产而死。 临终前，泰姬向皇帝道出三愿:一要皇帝善 待子女;二要他不得续娶;三愿皇帝为她建造一座能和她的容貌匹配的最美丽的 陵墓。皇帝悲痛无比，一一承诺。他除了每年征发二万多名印度民工，还召 来世界各地著名的设计师和工匠，历时22年，用印度西北的纯白大理石、斯 里兰卡的蓝宝石、伊拉克的月长石、阿拉伯的珊瑚、波斯的紫水晶、俄国的 孔雀石、中国西藏的翡翠……耗资千万，终于创造了世界奇观。 痴情的皇帝 还打算在泰姬陵的河对岸为自己建造一座相似的陵墓，用通体透黑的大理石 对应通体透白的爱妃陵，寓示两人的爱情纯洁得没有丁点儿杂质。河面上还 要用黑白两色的大理石建一座桥，连接两人纯黑纯白的陵墓。 然而皇帝的美 梦未能成真，他的三个儿子迫不及待夺取王位，将年迈的他囚禁在阿格拉堡 的一座角楼中，最后郁郁而死。这类结局并不陌生。历史上宫廷里为争夺王 位，父子相残兄弟相戮的事例比比皆是。大概皇子们也有感于老爸对母亲的 痴情，虽然没有理睬他建筑“爱情桥”的遗愿，但总算把他的遗体送到了泰 姬身旁。现在陵内存放着的两具嵌满宝石花卉的白色大理石石棺，小小的那 具就是皇帝沙杰汗的棺椁。
take Bombay(孟买 ) for example
tsunami
drought
The main places of interest in India
Taj Mahal泰姬陵
• It was built for the wife of the king-Shahjahan沙贾汗 in Mughal dynasty（莫卧儿王朝 ）. • It was under the name of the title of the concubine妃子 .It means the first woman in Palace.
•Polytheism多神论 --- more than 300 million deities •Caste system种姓制度 --- Brahmin Vaishya Kshatriya Sūdra
•Idea --- The souls of people are perpetual（永恒的）
Don’t touch!
Like
Dislike
India
• Historical events • Ceremony • Festivals
Important Events In Indian History • 1.Partition of India & Pakistan (1947) • 2. Framing of Constitution (1950)
Red Fort德里红堡
• It was the palace of Mughal dynasty.(莫卧儿 王朝）. • It was a typical Mughal style building.
Nalan-da那兰陀
• The site of Buddhist holy lands.
Buddhist holy lands
BUDDHISM佛教 ﹠ JAINISM耆那教
CHRISTIANISM基督教 ﹠ SIKHISM锡克教
HINDUISM
印度教
﹠ ISLAM
伊斯兰教
Hinduism（印度教）
•The 3rd largest The oldest extant religion
•More than 800 million adherents --- 82% of people
The fane（寺庙） of Hinduism--Prambanam（普兰班南）
图 腾
We are HOLY CATTLE （家畜）.
Symbol of Hinduism
Every morning， many Hindus bath in the holy water of Varanasi Ganges River(瓦拉纳西恒河)
Cuisine-----Food
features
• • • • •
A vegetarian kingdom Milk and tea Mutton(羊肉） Tobacco（烟草） and alcohol are not popular No knife and fork
Lemon tea
Social life of India
•Religion • Ideas and beliefs •Interesting social customs and traditions
•Deeply influented by religions •Religious diversity
Hinduism 印度教 Jainism 耆那教 Islam 伊斯兰教
Funeral
• For many Hindus burying their dead,the most common practice is to cremate the body,collect the ashes,on the fourth day,disperse the ashes in a sacred body of water